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Farmer-herder Conflict
Nomadic conflict, also called farmer–herder conflict, is a type of environmental conflict where farming and herding communities overlap and has been used to refer to fighting among herding communities or fighting between herding and farming communities. This is sometimes referred to as conflict involving "pastoralists" or "nomadic" people and "agriculturalists" or "settled" people. The conflicts usually arise from destruction of crops by livestock and is exacerbated during times when water and lands to graze are scarce. Background There are several hundred million pastoralists worldwide and Africa contains about 268 million pastoralists, over a quarter of its population, who live on about 43 percent of the continent’s land mass. Commercial displacement Displacement of local communities to make way for commercial farms or mining activities has put pressure on grazing areas, exacerbating conflict. Climate change and land degradation Desertification in the Sahel, where much of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cain And Abel Make Their Sacrifices To God; Cain Kills Abel
Cain is a biblical figure in the Book of Genesis within Abrahamic religions. He is the elder brother of Abel, and the firstborn son of Adam and Eve, the first couple within the Bible. He was a farmer who gave an offering of his crops to God. However, God was not pleased and favored Abel's offering over Cain's. Out of jealousy, Cain killed his brother, for which he was punished by God with the curse and mark of Cain. He had several descendants, starting with his son Enoch and including Lamech. The narrative is notably unclear on God's reason for rejecting Cain's sacrifice. Some traditional interpretations consider Cain to be the originator of evil, violence, or greed. According to Genesis, Cain was the first human born and the first murderer. Genesis narrative Interpretations Jewish and Christian interpretations A question arising early in the story is why God rejected Cain's sacrifice. The text states, "In the course of time Cain brought some of the fruits of the soil as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Water Conflict
Water conflict typically refers to violence or disputes associated with access to, or control of, water resources, or the use of water or water systems as weapons or casualties of conflicts. The term ''water war'' is colloquially used in media for some disputes over water, and often is more limited to describing a conflict between countries, states, or groups over the rights to access water resources. The United Nations recognizes that water disputes result from opposing interests of water users, public or private. A wide range of water conflicts appear throughout history, though they are rarely traditional wars waged over water alone. Instead, water has long been a source of tension and one of the causes for conflicts. Water conflicts arise for several reasons, including territorial disputes, a fight for resources, and strategic advantage. Water conflicts can occur on the intrastate and interstate levels. Interstate conflicts occur between two or more countries that share a t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
War In Darfur
The War in Darfur, also nicknamed the Land Cruiser War, was a major armed conflict in the Darfur region of Sudan that began in February 2003 when the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army, Sudan Liberation Movement (SLM) and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) rebel groups began fighting against the government of Sudan, which they accused of oppressing Darfur's non-Arab population. The government responded to attacks by carrying out a campaign of ethnic cleansing against Darfur's non-Arabs. This resulted in the death of hundreds of thousands of civilians and the indictment of Sudan's president, Omar al-Bashir, for Darfur genocide, genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity by the International Criminal Court. One side of the conflict is mainly composed of the Sudanese military, police, and the Janjaweed, a Sudanese militia group whose members are mostly recruited among Arabization, Arabized indigenous Africans and a small number of Bedouin of the northern Rizeigat; the ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Sudanese Civil War
The Second Sudanese Civil War was a conflict from 1983 to 2005 between the central Sudanese government and the Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement, Sudan People's Liberation Army. It was largely a continuation of the First Sudanese Civil War of 1955 to 1972. Although it originated in southern Sudan, the civil war spread to the Nuba mountains and the Blue Nile. It lasted for almost 22 years and is one of the longest civil wars on record. The war resulted in the independence of South Sudan 6 years after the war ended. Roughly two million people died as a result of war, famine and disease caused by the conflict. Four million people in southern Sudan were Refugees, displaced at least once, normally repeatedly during the war. The civilian death toll is one of the highest of any war since World War II and was marked by numerous Human rights, human rights violations, including Slavery in Sudan, slavery and mass killings. Background and causes Wars in Sudan are often characteriz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Furiiru People
The Fuliru people (also spelled Fuliiru) are a Bantu ethnic group native to the South Kivu Province of the eastern region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo."Fuliiru." ''Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East, Volume 1'' (Jamie Stokes, editor) (2009). Infobase: p. 234.Johan Pottier, ''Re-Imagining Rwanda: Conflict, Survival and Disinformation in the Late Twentieth Century'' (2002). Cambridge University Press: p. 16.Furiiru " ''Ethnologue: Languages of the World'' (16th ed) (2009). M. Paul Lewis (editor), 2009. Dallas: SIL International. They predominantly inhabit the , forming the largest ethnic group within the |
Bembe People
The Bembe people (Babembe in the plural) are an ethnic group based in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and western Kigoma Region of Tanzania. They live mainly in the territory of Fizi in South Kivu. The Bembe are also in the province of Tanganyika in the city of Kalemie. In 1991, the Bembe population of the DRC was estimated to number 252,000 and around 1.5 million in 2005. They are representative of many ethnic traditions, including pre- Lega, Boyo- Kunda, Hemba and Bemba. Cultural traditions A semi-nomadic people, who often settled in forest environments. The women cultivated the crops and the men hunted, fished and other entrepreneurship business. Music The babembe people traditionally play drums in their folk music. The way the drum is played can be called a six-beat tune. The music is played in celebration of any sort. The music is accompanied by the folk dance. The dance utilizes movements of the shoulder and waist. It is referred to as Esuba. Folk mus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banyamulenge
The Banyamulenge are a community that lives mainly in South Kivu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo, with roots from mainly Rwanda. The Banyamulenge are culturally and socially related to the Banyarwanda Tutsi found in Rwanda, with most speaking Kinyarwanda (official language of Rwanda). The Banyamulenge played a role in Mobutu's war against and victory over the Simba Rebellion, which was not supported by the majority of other tribes in South Kivu. They supported him to be naturalised in what was then Zaire. Their role during the First Congo War and subsequent regional conflicts ( Rally for Congolese Democracy–Goma, Movement for the Liberation of the Congo, National Congress for the Defence of the People, and more importantly for the fact that two of the most influential presidents of their country declared them as enemies of the state, in both 1996 (Mobutu Sese Seko) and 1998 (Laurent-Désiré Kabila). The Banyamulenge have been a point of controversy in the cou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aiki Language
Aiki is a Maban language of Chad. It consists of two dialects, Runga and Kibet, which are divergent enough to be considered separate languages. Kibet (Kibeit, Kibeet, Kabentang) is spoken in Chad, while Runga (Roungo) is split between Chad and the CAR. Ayki (Aykindang) is a name used in CAR. Possible dialects of Kibet are Dagal (Dagel, Daggal) and Muru (Murru, Muro, Mourro); however, they are poorly known, and Blench (2012) lists them separately. The Aiki area is flooded half the year. Phonology * /p/ can be realized as * /ʃ/ is only found in Arabic Arabic (, , or , ) is a Central Semitic languages, Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic languages, Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) assigns lang ... loanwords. * ™only exists as an epenthetic vowel. Additionally, the following diphthongs can be found: /ei/, /É›i/, /ai/, /eu/, /É™u/, /au/, /ou/. There are two tones: high an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kara People
The Kara are an ethnic group inhabiting South Sudan and the Central African Republic. They speak the Gula language, and Nilo-Saharan, which is a Central Sudanic language. The Kara religion is an animist faith. As a population, they exceed 100,000 members. They mainly live in South Sudan's Western Bahr el Ghazal Western Bahr el Ghazal is a state in South Sudan. It has an area of and as of 2020 has estimated 600,000 in population. It is part of the Bahr el Ghazal region. Its capital is Wau. The state shared international borders with Sudan to the north ... state. Daily life The Kara are a semi-nomadic people. They live in round huts made up of a framework of tree branches plastered with mud and the conical roof thatched with local grasses. A typical Kara village has 20 to 30 huts around a meeting place and also enclosures of branches to keep cattle and goats. The Kara tribe grow Sorghum, corn, beans, pumpkins and peanuts. The staples are Sorghum, made into a porridge either w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fulani People
The Fula, Fulani, or Fulɓe people are an ethnic group in Sahara, Sahel and West Africa, widely dispersed across the region. Inhabiting many countries, they live mainly in West Africa and northern parts of Central Africa, South Sudan, Darfur, and regions near the Red Sea coast in Sudan. The approximate number of Fula people is unknown, due to clashing definitions regarding Fula ethnicity. Various estimates put the figure between 25 and 40 million people worldwide. A significant proportion of the Fula – a third, or an estimated 7 to 10 million – are pastoralism, pastoralists, and their ethnic group has the largest nomadic pastoral community in the world., Quote: The Fulani form the largest pastoral nomadic group in the world. The Bororo'en are noted for the size of their cattle herds. In addition to fully nomadic groups, however, there are also semisedentary Fulani – Fulbe Laddi – who also farm, although they argue that they do so out of necessity, not choice. The major ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anti-balaka
The Anti-balaka (''anti-machete'') is an alliance of militia groups based in the Central African Republic in the early 21st century said by ''the Guardian'' to be composed primarily of Christians, but also some Muslims. However, some church leaders have contested the claimed exclusively Christian character of such groups. The Tony Blair Faith Foundation and journalist Andrew Katz have noted that Animism, animists also participate in Anti-balaka groups. This militia formed in the Central African Republic after the rise to power of Michel Djotodia in 2013.C.Africa militia is an enemy of peace: French commander , apa.az, accessed 14 March 2014 Amnesty International reported in 2015 that some members of anti-balaka groups had Forced conversion, forcibly converted Mu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Séléka
Séléka CPSK-CPJP-UFDR was an alliance of rebel militia groups that subjugated the Central African Republic (CAR) on 24 March 2013. After its official dissolution in September 2013, the remaining rebel groups became known as Ex-Séléka. Séléka leader Michel Djotodia became the nation's president from March 2013 until his resignation in January 2014. Members of Séléka were almost all Muslim.The Economist: "The Central African Republic - Ever darker" 8 November 2013BBC: "Central African Republic: Religious tinderbox" 4 November 2013 Name The word ''seleka' ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
