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Epostane
Epostane (International Nonproprietary Name, INN, United States Adopted Name, USAN, British Approved Name, BAN) (developmental code name WIN-32729) is an enzyme inhibitor, inhibitor of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) that was developed as a contraceptive, abortifacient, and oxytocic drug but was never marketed. By inhibiting 3β-HSD, epostane blocks the biosynthesis of progesterone from pregnenolone (and also the conversion of dehydroepiandrosterone to androstenedione), thereby functioning as an antiprogestogen and terminating pregnancy. The drug was trialed and in a study was found to be slightly more effective at inducing medical abortion, abortion relative to mifepristone. See also * Nisterime * Trilostane References 3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitors Androstanes Antiprogestogens Nitriles Epoxides 1-Methylcyclopentanols Enols Cyclohexenols Sterols {{steroid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epostane Synthesis
Epostane (INN, USAN, BAN) (developmental code name WIN-32729) is an inhibitor of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) that was developed as a contraceptive, abortifacient, and oxytocic drug but was never marketed. By inhibiting 3β-HSD, epostane blocks the biosynthesis of progesterone from pregnenolone (and also the conversion of dehydroepiandrosterone to androstenedione), thereby functioning as an antiprogestogen and terminating pregnancy. The drug was trialed and in a study was found to be slightly more effective at inducing abortion relative to mifepristone. See also * Nisterime * Trilostane Trilostane, sold under the brand name Vetoryl among others, is a medication which has been used in the treatment of Cushing's syndrome, Conn's syndrome, and postmenopausal breast cancer in humans. It was withdrawn for use in humans in the Unit ... References 3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitors Androstanes Antiprogestogens Nitriles Epoxides 1-Methylcyclopentan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pregnancy
Pregnancy is the time during which one or more offspring gestation, gestates inside a woman's uterus. A multiple birth, multiple pregnancy involves more than one offspring, such as with twins. Conception (biology), Conception usually occurs following sexual intercourse, vaginal intercourse, but can also occur through assisted reproductive technology procedures. A pregnancy may end in a Live birth (human), live birth, a miscarriage, an Abortion#Induced, induced abortion, or a stillbirth. Childbirth typically occurs around 40 weeks from the start of the Menstruation#Onset and frequency, last menstrual period (LMP), a span known as the Gestational age (obstetrics), ''gestational age''; this is just over nine months. Counting by Human fertilization#Fertilization age, ''fertilization age'', the length is about 38 weeks. Implantation (embryology), Implantation occurs on average 8–9 days after Human fertilization, fertilization. An ''embryo'' is the term for the deve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enols
In organic chemistry, enols are a type of functional group or intermediate in organic chemistry containing a group with the formula (R = many substituents). The term ''enol'' is an abbreviation of ''alkenol'', a portmanteau deriving from "-ene"/"alkene" and the "-ol". Many kinds of enols are known. Keto–enol tautomerism refers to a chemical equilibrium between a "keto" form (a carbonyl, named for the common ketone case) and an enol. The interconversion of the two forms involves the transfer of an alpha hydrogen atom and the reorganisation of bonding electrons. The keto and enol forms are tautomers of each other. Enolization Organic esters, ketones, and aldehydes with an α-hydrogen ( bond adjacent to the carbonyl group) often form enols. The reaction involves migration of a proton () from carbon to oxygen: : In the case of ketones, the conversion is called a keto-enol tautomerism, although this name is often more generally applied to all such tautomerizations. Usually th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epoxides
In organic chemistry, an epoxide is a cyclic ether, where the ether forms a three-atom Ring (chemistry), ring: two atoms of carbon and one atom of oxygen. This triangular structure has substantial ring strain, making epoxides highly Reactivity (chemistry), reactive, more so than other ethers. They are produced on a large scale for many applications. In general, low molecular weight epoxides are colourless and nonpolar, and often Volatility (chemistry), volatile. Nomenclature A compound containing the epoxide functional group can be called an epoxy, epoxide, oxirane, and ethoxyline. Simple epoxides are often referred to as oxides. Thus, the epoxide of ethylene (C2H4) is ethylene oxide (C2H4O). Many compounds have trivial names; for instance, ethylene oxide is called "oxirane". Some names emphasize the presence of the epoxide functional group, as in the compound ''1,2-epoxyheptane'', which can also be called ''1,2-heptene oxide''. A polymer formed from epoxide precursors is c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nitriles
In organic chemistry, a nitrile is any organic compound that has a functional group. The name of the compound is composed of a base, which includes the carbon of the , suffixed with "nitrile", so for example is called "propionitrile" (or propanenitrile). The prefix ''cyano-'' is used interchangeably with the term ''nitrile'' in industrial literature. Nitriles are found in many useful compounds, including methyl cyanoacrylate, used in super glue, and nitrile rubber, a nitrile-containing polymer used in latex, latex-free laboratory and medical gloves. Nitrile rubber is also widely used as automotive and other seals since it is resistant to fuels and oils. Organic compounds containing multiple nitrile groups are known as cyanocarbons. Inorganic compounds containing the group are not called nitriles, but cyanides instead. Though both nitriles and cyanides can be derived from cyanide salts, most nitriles are not nearly as toxic. Structure and basic properties The N−C−C geome ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antiprogestogens
Antiprogestogens or antiprogestins, also known as progesterone antagonists or progesterone blockers, are a class of drugs which prevent progestogens like progesterone from mediating their biological effects in the body. These drugs competitively inhibit progestin at progesterone receptors, acting by receptor antagonist, blocking the progesterone receptor (PR) and/or steroidogenesis inhibitor, inhibiting or antigonadotropin, suppressing progestogen biosynthesis, production. Antiprogestogens are one of three types of sex-hormonal agent, sex hormone antagonists, alongside antiestrogens and antiandrogens. Clinical applications Antiprogestogens are used as abortifacients, emergency contraception, emergency contraceptives, and in the treatment of uterine fibroids. They are also being studied in the treatment of breast cancer. Examples include the progesterone receptor weak partial agonist mifepristone, the selective progesterone receptor modulator (SPRM) ulipristal acetate, and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Androstanes
An androgen (from Greek ''andr-'', the stem of the word meaning ) is any natural or synthetic steroid hormone that regulates the development and maintenance of male characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors. This includes the embryological development of the primary male sex organs, and the development of male secondary sex characteristics at puberty. Androgens are synthesized in the testes, the ovaries, and the adrenal glands. Androgens increase in both males and females during puberty. The major androgen in males is testosterone. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and androstenedione are of equal importance in male development. DHT ''in utero'' causes differentiation of the penis, scrotum and prostate. In adulthood, DHT contributes to balding, prostate growth, and sebaceous gland activity. Although androgens are commonly thought of only as male sex hormones, females also have them, but at lower levels: they function in libido and sexual arousal. Andro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trilostane
Trilostane, sold under the brand name Vetoryl among others, is a medication which has been used in the treatment of Cushing's syndrome, Conn's syndrome, and postmenopausal breast cancer in humans. It was withdrawn for use in humans in the United States in the 1990s but was subsequently approved for use in veterinary medicine in the 2000s to treat Cushing's syndrome in dogs. It is taken by mouth. Medical uses Trilostane has been used in the treatment of Cushing's syndrome (hypercortisolism), Conn's syndrome (hyperaldosteronism), and postmenopausal breast cancer in humans. When used to treat breast cancer, trilostane is administered in combination with a corticosteroid to prevent glucocorticoid deficiency. Contraindications Trilostane should not be used in pregnant women. Trilostane should not be given to a dog that: * Has kidney or liver disease (PDF) * Takes certain medications used to treat cardiovascular disease * Is pregnant, nursing or intended for breeding Side effect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nisterime
Nisterime (), also known as 2α-chloro-4,5α-dihydrotestosterone 3-''O''-(''p''-nitrophenyl)oxime or as 2α-chloro-5α-androstan-17β-ol-3-one 3-''O''-(''p''-nitrophenyl)oxime, is a synthetic anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) and a derivative of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) that was never marketed. The C17α acetate ester In chemistry, an ester is a compound derived from an acid (either organic or inorganic) in which the hydrogen atom (H) of at least one acidic hydroxyl group () of that acid is replaced by an organyl group (R). These compounds contain a distin ... of nisterime, nisterime acetate (ORF-9326), also exists and was developed as a postcoital contraceptive but was similarly never marketed. See also * Istaroxime References Abandoned drugs Secondary alcohols Anabolic–androgenic steroids Androstanes Hormonal contraception 4-Nitrophenyl compounds Organochlorides Steroid oximes Ketoximes {{Genito-urinary-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
