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Endocrine Tumor
Endocrine oncology refers to a medical speciality dealing with hormone-producing tumors, i.e. a combination of endocrinology and oncology. Few centres are specializing in hormone producing tumors only, due to the relatively low incidence. Most centres have gastroenterologists, oncologist or endocrinologists who deal with other diseases as well. One exception is the Uppsala Centre of Excellence in Neuroendocrine Tumors at Uppsala University Hospital in Sweden, where doctors treat only endocrine tumors. __TOC__ Endocrine tumors There are many different kinds of endocrine tumors, some of which are listed below: * Gastrointestinal ** ECLoma ** Midgut carcinoid ** Appendix carcinoid ** Hindgut carcinoid sometimes also referred to as Rectal carcinoid * Pulmonary ** Typical bronchial carcinoid ** Atypical bronchial carcinoid ** Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma ** Small cell lung cancer * Endocrine pancreatic tumors ** Non-functioning endocrine pancreatic tumors ** Insulinoma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endocrinology
Endocrinology (from ''endocrine system, endocrine'' + ''wikt:-logy#Suffix, -ology'') is a branch of biology and medicine dealing with the endocrine system, its diseases, and its specific secretions known as hormones. It is also concerned with the integration of developmental events proliferation, growth, and differentiation, and the psychological or behavioral activities of metabolism, human development (biology), growth and development, tissue (biology), tissue function, sleep, digestion, Respiration (physiology), respiration, excretion, mood (psychology), mood, Stress (physiology), stress, lactation, Motor coordination, movement, reproduction, and sensory perception caused by hormones. Specializations include behavioral endocrinology and comparative endocrinology. The endocrine system consists of several glands, all in different parts of the body, that secrete hormones directly into the blood rather than into a Duct (anatomy), duct system. Therefore, endocrine glands are regarde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rare Cancers
Rare may refer to: * Rare, a particular temperature of meat * Something infrequent or scarce, see Scarcity :* Rare species, a conservation category in biology designating the scarcity of an organism and implying a threat to its viability Rare or RARE may also refer to: Acronyms * Ram Air Rocket Engine, a U.S. Navy program of the 1950s *Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition Music * Rare (Northern Irish band), a 1990s trip hop group * Rare (Serbian band), an alternative rock band Albums * ''Rare'' (Asia album), 1999 * ''Rare'' (David Bowie album), 1982 * ''Rare'' (Hundredth album), 2017 * ''Rare'' (Selena Gomez album) or the title song (see below), 2020 * '' Rare!'', by Crack the Sky, 1994 * '' Rare, Vol. 1'', by Ultravox, 1993 * '' Rare, Vol. 2'', by Ultravox, 1994 * ''Rare: The Collected B-Sides 1989–1993'', by Moby, 1996 * ''Rare'', by Xiu Xiu, 2012 Songs * "Rare" (Gwen Stefani song), 2016 * "Rare" (Selena Gomez song), 2020 * "Rare", by Man Overboard from ''Man O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endocrine Neoplasia
The endocrine system is a messenger system in an organism comprising feedback loops of hormones that are released by internal glands directly into the circulatory system and that target and regulate distant organs. In vertebrates, the hypothalamus is the neural control center for all endocrine systems. In humans, the major endocrine glands are the thyroid, parathyroid, pituitary, pineal, and adrenal glands, and the (male) testis and (female) ovaries. The hypothalamus, pancreas, and thymus also function as endocrine glands, among other functions. (The hypothalamus and pituitary glands are organs of the neuroendocrine system. One of the most important functions of the hypothalamusit is located in the brain adjacent to the pituitary glandis to link the endocrine system to the nervous system via the pituitary gland.) Other organs, such as the kidneys, also have roles within the endocrine system by secreting certain hormones. The study of the endocrine system and its disorders is kn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Von Hippel Lindau Syndrome
The term () is used in German surnames either as a nobiliary particle indicating a noble patrilineality, or as a simple preposition used by commoners that means or . Nobility directories like the often abbreviate the noble term to ''v.'' In medieval or early modern names, the particle was at times added to commoners' names; thus, meant . This meaning is preserved in Swiss toponymic surnames and in the Dutch , which is a cognate of but also does not necessarily indicate nobility. Usage Germany and Austria The abolition of the monarchies in Germany and Austria in 1919 meant that neither state has a privileged nobility, and both have exclusively republican governments. In Germany, this means that legally ''von'' simply became an ordinary part of the surnames of the people who used it. There are no longer any legal privileges or constraints associated with this naming convention. According to German alphabetical sorting, people with ''von'' in their surnames – of nobl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MEN2
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (also known as "Pheochromocytoma (codons 630 and 634) and amyloid producing medullary thyroid carcinoma", "PTC syndrome," and "Sipple syndrome") is a group of medical disorders associated with tumors of the endocrine system. The tumors may be benign or malignant (cancer). They generally occur in endocrine organs (e.g. thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenals), but may also occur in endocrine tissues of organs not classically thought of as endocrine. MEN2 is a sub-type of MEN (multiple endocrine neoplasia) and itself has sub-types, as discussed below. Variants in MEN2A have been associated with Hirschsprung disease. Screening for this condition can begin as young as eight years old for pheochromocytoma. Signs and symptoms MEN2 can present with a sign or symptom related to a tumor or, in the case of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2b, with characteristic musculoskeletal and/or lip and/or gastrointestinal findings. Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MEN1
Menin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''MEN1'' gene. Menin is a putative tumor suppressor associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1 syndrome) and has autosomal dominant inheritance. Variations in the MEN1 gene can cause pituitary adenomas, hyperparathyroidism, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, gastrinoma, and adrenocortical cancers. ''In vitro'' studies have shown that menin is localized to the nucleus, possesses two functional nuclear localization signals, and inhibits transcriptional activation by JunD. However, the function of this protein is not known. Two messages have been detected on northern blots but the larger message has not been characterized. Two variants of the shorter transcript have been identified where alternative splicing affects the coding sequence. Five variants where alternative splicing takes place in the 5' UTR have also been identified. History In 1988, researchers at Uppsala University Hospital and the Karolinska I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pheochromocytoma
Pheochromocytoma is a rare tumor of the adrenal medulla composed of chromaffin cells and is part of the paraganglioma (PGL) family of tumors, being defined as an intra-adrenal PGL. These neuroendocrine tumors can be sympathetic, where they release catecholamines into the bloodstream which cause the most common symptoms, including hypertension (high blood pressure), tachycardia (fast heart rate), sweating, and headaches. Some PGLs may secrete little to no catecholamines, or only secrete paroxysmally (episodically), and other than secretions, PGLs can still become clinically relevant through other secretions or mass effect (most common with head and neck PGL). PGLs of the head and neck are typically parasympathetic and their sympathetic counterparts are predominantly located in the abdomen and pelvis, particularly concentrated at the organ of Zuckerkandl at the bifurcation of the aorta. Signs and symptoms The symptoms of a sympathetic pheochromocytoma are related to sympathetic n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adrenocortical Carcinoma
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is an aggressive cancer originating in the cortex (steroid hormone-producing tissue) of the adrenal gland. Adrenocortical carcinoma is remarkable for the many hormonal syndromes that can occur in patients with steroid hormone-producing ("functional") tumors, including Cushing's syndrome, Conn syndrome, virilization, and feminization. Adrenocortical carcinoma has often invaded nearby tissues or metastasized to distant organs at the time of diagnosis, and the overall 5-year survival rate is about 50%. Adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare tumor, with incidence of one to two per million population annually. It has a bimodal distribution by age, with cases clustering in children under 5 and in adults 30–40 years old. The widely used angiotensin-II-responsive steroid-producing cell line H295R was originally isolated from a tumor diagnosed as adrenocortical carcinoma. Signs and symptoms Adrenocortical carcinoma may present differently in children ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
VIPoma
A VIPoma or vipoma () is a rare endocrine tumor that overproduces vasoactive intestinal peptide (thus ''VIP'' + '' -oma''). The incidence is about 1 per 10,000,000 per year. VIPomas usually (about 90%) originate from the non-β islet cells of the pancreas. They are sometimes associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. Roughly 50–75% of VIPomas are malignant, but even when they are benign, they are problematic because they tend to cause a specific syndrome: the massive amounts of VIP cause a syndrome of profound and chronic watery diarrhea and resultant dehydration, hypokalemia, achlorhydria, acidosis, flushing and hypotension (from vasodilation), hypercalcemia, and hyperglycemia. This syndrome is called Verner–Morrison syndrome (VMS), WDHA syndrome (from watery diarrhea–hypokalemia–achlorhydria), or pancreatic cholera syndrome (PCS). The eponym reflects the physicians who first described the syndrome. Symptoms and signs The major clinical features are prolon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glucagonoma
Glucagonoma is a very rare tumor of the alpha cells of the pancreas that results in the overproduction of the hormone glucagon. Typically associated with a rash called necrolytic migratory erythema, weight loss, and mild diabetes mellitus, most people with glucagonoma contract it spontaneously. However, about 10% of cases are associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1) syndrome. Causes Although the cause of glucagonoma is unknown, some genetic factors may lead to the condition. A family history of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a risk factor. Additionally, those with Mahvash disease have an increased risk for glucagonoma, as the glucagon receptor gene (GCGR) is mutated. Mechanism Glucagonoma results from the overproduction of glucagon, a peptide hormone located in the pancreatic alpha cells. Classic symptoms include, but are not limited to, necrolytic migratory erythema (NME), diabetes mellitus, and weight loss. NME presents in about 70% of c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gastrinoma
Gastrinomas are neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), usually located in the duodenum or pancreas, that secrete gastrin and cause a clinical syndrome known as Zollinger–Ellison syndrome (ZES). A large number of gastrinomas develop in the pancreas or duodenum, with near-equal frequency, and approximately 10% arise as primary neoplasms in lymph nodes of the pancreaticoduodenal region ( gastrinoma triangle). Most gastrinomas are sporadic (75–80%), whereas approximately 20–25% are associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1). Over 50% of gastrinomas are malignant and can metastasize to regional lymph nodes and liver. One fourth of gastrinomas are related to multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, Zollinger–Ellison syndrome, peptic ulcer disease. Signs and symptoms Gastrinoma in the early stages will have signs and symptoms of indigestion or similar to irritable bowel disease (IBD) such as: * Hypergastrinemia * Refractory or recurrent peptic ulcers involving duodenum * Ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
