|
Ecological Imperialism
Ecological imperialism is an explanatory concept, introduced by Alfred Crosby, that points out the contribution of European biological species such as animals, plants and pathogens in the success of European colonists. Crosby wrote '' Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900-1900'' in 1986. He used the term "Neo-Europes" to describe the places colonized and conquered by Europeans. Examples for Crosby's concept In 1607, a group of colonists led by Captain John Smith arrived in North America and established the Jamestown colony in Virginia. Though at first it seemed the colonists would not survive the harsh conditions of the New World, ultimately it was the natives who could not survive the diseases of the Old World. "The colonizers brought along plants and animals new to the Americas, some by design and others by accident. Determined to farm in a European manner, the colonists introduced their domesticated livestock—honeybees, pigs, horses, mules, sheep, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alfred Crosby
Alfred Worcester Crosby Jr. (January 15, 1931 – March 14, 2018) was a professor of History, Geography, and American Studies at the University of Texas at Austin, and University of Helsinki. He was the author of books including '' The Columbian Exchange'' (1972) and '' Ecological Imperialism'' (1986). In these works, he provided biological and geographical explanations for the question why Europeans were able to succeed with relative ease in what he referred to as the "Neo-Europes" of Australasia, North America, and southern South America. ''America's Forgotten Pandemic'' (1976) is the first major critical history of the 1918 "Spanish" Flu. Early life Alfred Worcester Crosby Jr. was born to Ruth (née Coleman) and Alfred Worcester Crosby Sr. in Boston, Massachusetts, on January 15, 1931, grew up in Wellesley, Massachusetts, and graduated from Wellesley High School. Career In 1952, Crosby graduated from Harvard University, with a degree in history, then entered the U.S. Army in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colonisation (biology)
Colonisation or colonization is the spread and development of an organism in a new area or habitat. Colonization comprises the physical arrival of a species in a new area, but also its successful establishment within the local community. In ecology, it is represented by the symbol ''λ'' (lowercase lambda) to denote the long-term intrinsic growth rate of a population. Surrounding theories and applicable process have been introduced below. These include dispersal, colonisation-competition trade off and prominent examples that have been previously studied. One classic scientific model in biogeography posits that a species must continue to colonize new areas through its Biological life cycle, life cycle (called a ''taxon cycle'') in order to persist. Accordingly, colonisation and extinction are key components of island biogeography, a theory that has many applications in ecology, such as Metapopulation, metapopulations. Another factor included in this scientific model is the compet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Environmental Social Science Concepts
Environment most often refers to: __NOTOC__ * Natural environment, referring respectively to all living and non-living things occurring naturally and the physical and biological factors along with their chemical interactions that affect an organism or a group of organisms Other physical and cultural environments *Ecology, the branch of ethology that deals with the relations of organisms to one another and to their physical surroundings *Environment (systems), the surroundings of a physical system that may interact with the system by exchanging mass, energy, or other properties. *Built environment, constructed surroundings that provide the settings for human activity, ranging from the large-scale civic surroundings to the personal places *Social environment, the culture that an individual lives in, and the people and institutions with whom they interact * Market environment, business term Arts, entertainment and publishing * ''Environment'' (magazine), a peer-reviewed, popular ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Colonization Of The Americas
During the Age of Discovery, a large scale colonization of the Americas, involving a number of European countries, took place primarily between the late 15th century and the early 19th century. The Norse explored and colonized areas of Europe and the North Atlantic, colonizing Greenland and creating a short-term settlement near the northern tip of Newfoundland circa 1000 AD. However, due to its long duration and importance, the later colonization by the European colonial powers of the Americas, after Christopher Columbus’s voyages, is more well-known. During this time, the European colonial empires of Spain, Portugal, Great Britain, France, Russia, the Netherlands, Denmark, and Sweden began to explore and claim the Americas, its natural resources, and human capital, leading to the displacement, disestablishment, enslavement, and even genocide of the Indigenous peoples in the Americas, and the establishment of several settler colonial states. The rapid rate at which so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chagos Marine Protected Area
The Chagos Marine Protected Area, located in the central Indian Ocean in the British Indian Ocean Territory of the United Kingdom, is one of the world's largest officially designated marine protected areas, and one of the List of largest protected areas in the world, largest protected areas of any type (land or sea) on Earth. It was established by the British government on 1 April 2010 as a massive, contiguous, marine reserve, it encompasses of ocean waters, including roughly 70 small islands and seven atolls of the Chagos Archipelago. The establishment of the protected area was immediately controversial, as the Chagossian people were forcibly expelled from the archipelago, including the outlying islands, because the United States wanted a military base on Diego Garcia; their expulsion has been described as ethnic cleansing. In a cable leaked by WikiLeaks, a US State Department official commented based on talks with British ministers and officials that establishing the reserve t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard Grove
Richard Hugh Grove (21 July 1955 – 25 June 2020) was a British historian, environmental activist, and one of the contemporary founders of environmental history as an academic field. His prizewinning book, ''Green Imperialism: Colonial Expansion, Tropical Island Edens and the Origins of Environmentalism 1600–1860'' (1995), was considered a pioneering account of colonial environmental impacts and an origin for early western ideas on environmentalism. Life and work Grove was the son of Cambridge climatologists Alfred Thomas Grove (who known as Dick and consequently often confused with his son Richard) and Jean Mary Grove, née Clark. He was married to historian Vinita Damodaran of the University of Sussex. Educated at the Perse School, Cambridge, his interdisciplinary training included a BA in geography from Hertford College, Oxford (1979), MSc in Conservation biology from University College London (1980) and a PhD in history from the University of Cambridge (1988). Grove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Locally Unwanted Land Use
In land-use planning, a locally unwanted land use (LULU) is a land use that creates externality costs on those living in close proximity. These costs include potential health hazards, poor aesthetics, or reduction in home values. LULUs often gravitate to disadvantaged areas such as slums, industrial neighborhoods and poor, minority, unincorporated or politically under-represented places that cannot fight them off. LULUs can include power plants, dumps (landfills), prisons, roads, factories, hospitals and many other developments. Planning seeks to distribute and reduce the harm of LULUs by zoning, environmental laws, community participation, buffer areas, clustering, dispersing and other such devices. Thus planning tries to protect property and environmental values by finding sites and operating procedures that minimize the LULU's effects. Types * Brothel * Landfill * Road/Highway ** Highway revolt ** Freeway removal * Power station * Prison * Halfway house * Nuclear power * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genocide Of Indigenous Peoples
The genocide of indigenous peoples, colonial genocide, or settler genocide is the Genocide, elimination of indigenous peoples as a part of the process of colonialism. According to certain genocide experts, including Raphael Lemkin – the individual who coined the term ''genocide'' – colonialism is intimately connected with genocide. Lemkin saw genocide via colonization as a two-stage process: (1) the destruction of the indigenous group's way of life, followed by (2) the settlers' imposition of their way of life on the indigenous group. Other scholars view genocide as associated with but distinct from settler colonialism. The expansion of various Western European colonial powers such as the British Empire, British and Spanish Empire, Spanish empires and the subsequent establishment of colonies on indigenous territories frequently involved acts of genocidal violence against indigenous groups in Ethnic groups in Europe, Europe, the Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Americas, In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colonialism
Colonialism is the control of another territory, natural resources and people by a foreign group. Colonizers control the political and tribal power of the colonised territory. While frequently an Imperialism, imperialist project, colonialism can also take the form of settler colonialism, whereby settlers from one or multiple colonizing metropoles occupy a territory with the intention of partially or completely supplanting the existing population. Colonialism developed as a concept describing European colonial empires of the modern era, which spread globally from the 15th century to the mid-20th century, spanning 35% of Earth's land by 1800 and peaking at 84% by the beginning of World War I. European colonialism employed mercantilism and Chartered company, chartered companies, and established Coloniality of power, coloniality, which keeps the colonized socio-economically Other (philosophy), othered and Subaltern (postcolonialism), subaltern through modern biopolitics of Heterono ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Biological Expansion Of Europe, 900-1900
''The'' is a grammatical article in English, denoting nouns that are already or about to be mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The'' is the most frequently used word in the English language; studies and analyses of texts have found it to account for seven percent of all printed English-language words. It is derived from gendered articles in Old English which combined in Middle English and now has a single form used with nouns of any gender. The word can be used with both singular and plural nouns, and with a noun that starts with any letter. This is different from many other languages, which have different forms of the definite article for different genders or numbers. Pronunciation In most dialects, "the" is pronounced as (with the voiced dental fricative followed by a schwa) when followed by a consonant sound, and as (homophone of the archaic pronoun ''thee'') ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Principal Posts Of The Hudson Bay Company Map006a
Principal may refer to: Title or rank * Principal (academia), the chief executive of a university ** Principal (education), the head of a school * Principal (civil service) or principal officer, the senior management level in the UK Civil Service * Principal dancer, the top rank in ballet * Principal (music), the top rank in an orchestra Law * Principal (commercial law), the person who authorizes an agent ** Principal (architecture), licensed professional(s) with ownership of the firm * Principal (criminal law), the primary actor in a criminal offense * Principal (Catholic Church), an honorific used in the See of Lisbon Places * Principal, Cape Verde, a village * Principal, Ecuador, a parish Media * ''The Principal'' (TV series), a 2015 Australian drama series * ''The Principal'', a 1987 action film * Principal (music), the lead musician in a section of an orchestra * Principal photography, the first phase of movie production * "The Principal", a song on the album ''K-12'' b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wampanoag
The Wampanoag, also rendered Wôpanâak, are a Native Americans in the United States, Native American people of the Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands, Northeastern Woodlands currently based in southeastern Massachusetts and formerly parts of eastern Rhode Island.Salwen, "Indians of Southern New England and Long Island," p. 171. Their historical territory includes the islands of Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket. Today, two Wampanoag tribes are federally recognized: * Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe * Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah). Herring Pond Tribe is a historical Wampanoag Tribe located in Plymouth and Bourne, Massachusetts The Wampanoag language, also known as Massachusett language, Massachusett, is a Southern New England Algonquian language. Prior to English contact in the 17th century, the Wampanoag numbered as many as 40,000 people living across 67 villages composing the Wampanoag Nation. These villages covered the territory along the east coast as far as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
