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Dugongid
Dugongidae is a family in the order of Sirenia. The family has one surviving species, the dugong (''Dugong dugon''), one recently extinct species, Steller's sea cow (''Hydrodamalis gigas''), and a number of extinct genera known from fossil records. Dugongidae's body weight ranges from 217 to 307 kg for juveniles, 334 to 424 kg for subadults, and 435 to 568.5 kg for adults. Oral temperatures for individual dugongs is determined from 24° to 34.2 °C. Heart rate readings are from 40 to 96 bpm and vary between individual dugongs. Respiration rate during the out-of-water phase is from 1 to 33. Taxonomy * Family Dugongidae ** Genus †'' Anisosiren'' ** Genus †''Caribosiren'' ** Genus †'' Indosiren'' ** Genus †''Lentiarenium'' ** Genus †''Kaupitherium'' ** Genus †'' Paralitherium'' ** Genus †'' Priscosiren'' ** Genus †'' Prohalicore'' ** Genus †''Sirenavus'' ** Subfamily †Halitheriinae *** Genus †''Halitherium'' (''nomen dubium'') ** Subfamily ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaupitherium
''Kaupitherium'' is an extinct dugongid sea cow that lived during the Oligocene. Fossils of the genus have been found in the Alzey Formation of Germany. Inside its flippers were finger bones that did not stick out. ''Kaupitherium'' also had the residues of back legs, which did not show externally. However, it did have a basic femur, joined to a reduced pelvis. ''Kaupitherium'' also had elongated ribs, presumably to increase lung capacity to provide fine control of buoyancy. Taxonomy "Halitheriine" dugongid remains from Oligocene deposits in Europe were previously referred to '' Halitherium schinzii'' by many authors. However, Voss (2013, 2014) dismissed ''Halitherium'' as a ''nomen dubium'' by virtue of being based on non-diagnostic remains. Voss based the opinion on the type species, ''H. schinzii'', being ''nomen dubium'', with its holotype fossil, an isolated molar, having no diagnostic value.Voss, Manja. "On the invalidity of Halitherium schinzii Kaup, 1838 (Mammalia, Sire ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crenatosiren
''Crenatosiren'' is an extinct genus of dugongid sirenian known from the late Oligocene (Chattian) of Florida, North Carolina, and South Carolina. The type and only known species is ''Crenatosiren olseni''. Taxonomy ''Crenatosiren'' was originally named ''"Halitherium" olseni'' by Rinehart (1976), who described the species from marine deposits of the late Oligocene (Arikareean NALMA) Parachucla Formation in the Suwannee River in Hamilton County, Florida. Domning (1991) eventually recognized the taxon as more derived than the ''Halitherium'' type species and assigned it to the new genus ''Crenatosiren'', classifying it as a relative of the dugongid ''Rytiodus''. The genus name is derived from the Latin words ''crenatus'' (meaning 'notched') and ''Siren (mythology), siren''. More specimens of ''C. olseni'' were later found in the Ashley Formation, Ashley and Chandler Bridge Formation, Chandler Bridge formations of South Carolina. Palaeoecology ''C. olseni'' primarily ate Seagra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Culebratherium
''Culebratherium'' is an extinct genus of dugongid sirenian mammal which existed in what is now Panama during the Early Miocene. It takes its name from the upper member of the Culebra Formation of the Panama Canal Zone, in which the holotype A holotype (Latin: ''holotypus'') is a single physical example (or illustration) of an organism used when the species (or lower-ranked taxon) was formally described. It is either the single such physical example (or illustration) or one of s ... fossil was found.Vélez Juarbe & Wood, 2019 References Bibliography * Dugongidae Miocene sirenians Burdigalian life Miocene mammals of North America Hemingfordian Neogene Panama Fossils of Panama Fossil taxa described in 2019 Prehistoric placental genera {{Paleo-sirenian-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Halitherium
''Halitherium'' is an extinct dugongid sea cow that arose in the late Eocene, then became extinct during the early Oligocene. Its fossils are common in European shales. Inside its flippers were finger bones that did not stick out. ''Halitherium'' also had the remnants of back legs, which did not show externally. However, it did have a basic femur, joined to a reduced pelvis. ''Halitherium'' also had elongated ribs, presumably to increase lung capacity to provide fine control of buoyancy. A 2014 review presented the opinion that the genus is dubious. Classification ''Halitherium'' is the type genus of the subfamily Halitheriinae, which includes the well-known genera '' Eosiren'' and '' Eotheroides'' and lived from the Eocene to the Oligocene. Taxonomy The genus ''Halitherium'' has had a confusing nomenclatural history. It was originally coined by Johann Jakob Kaup on the basis of a premolar from the early Oligocene (Rupelian) of southern Germany, but Kaup himself mistakenly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corystosiren
''Corystosiren'' is an extinct genus of dugongid sirenian mammal which existed in the waters of the Caribbean Basin during the early Pliocene. Fossils have been found in the Yucatán Peninsula The Yucatán Peninsula ( , ; ) is a large peninsula in southeast Mexico and adjacent portions of Belize and Guatemala. The peninsula extends towards the northeast, separating the Gulf of Mexico to the north and west of the peninsula from the C ..., Mexico, and Florida.D. P. Domning. 1990. Fossil Sirenia of the West Atlantic and Caribbean Region, IV. Corystosiren varguezi, gen. et sp. nov. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 10(3):361-371 References Dugongidae Pliocene sirenians Fossil taxa described in 1990 Prehistoric placental genera {{Paleo-sirenian-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydrodamalis
''Hydrodamalis'' is a genus of extinct herbivorous sirenian marine mammals. It included the Steller's sea cow (''Hydrodamalis gigas''), the Cuesta sea cow (''Hydrodamalis cuestae''), and the Takikawa sea cow (''Hydrodamalis spissa''). The fossil genus '' Dusisiren'' is regarded as the sister taxon of ''Hydrodamalis'': together, the two genera form the dugong subfamily Hydrodamalinae. They were the largest member of the order Sirenia, whose only extant members are the dugong (''Dugong dugon'') and the manatees (''Trichechus'' spp.). They reached up to in length, making the Steller's sea cow among the largest mammals other than whales to have existed in the Holocene epoch. Steller's sea cow was first described by Georg Wilhelm Steller, Cuesta by Daryl Domning, and Takikawa by Hitoshi Furusawa. The Steller's sea cow was the only member of the genus to survive into modern times, and, although had formerly been abundant throughout the North Pacific, by the mid 1700s, its range h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sirenia
The Sirenia (), commonly referred to as sea cows or sirenians, are an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit swamps, rivers, estuaries, marine wetlands, and coastal marine waters. The extant Sirenia comprise two distinct families: Dugongidae (the dugong and the now extinct Steller's sea cow) and Trichechidae (manatees, namely the Amazonian manatee, West Indian manatee, and West African manatee) with a total of four species. The Protosirenidae (Eocene sirenians) and Prorastomidae (terrestrial sirenians) families are extinct. Sirenians are classified in the clade Paenungulata, alongside the elephants and the hyraxes, and evolved in the Eocene 50 million years ago (mya). The Dugongidae diverged from the Trichechidae in the late Eocene or early Oligocene (30–35 mya). Sirenians grow to between in length and in weight. The recently extinct Steller's sea cow was the largest known sirenian to have lived, reaching lengths of and weights of . Sirenians have ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Priscosiren
''Priscosiren'' is an extinct genus of sirenian mammal which existed in the west Atlantic and Puerto Rico during the late Oligocene (Chattian).Jorge Vélez-Juarbe & Daryl P. Domning (2014) Fossil Sirenia of the West Atlantic and Caribbean region: X. Priscosiren atlantica, gen. et sp. nov., Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 34:4, 951-964, DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2013.815192 Distribution The type locality is the San Sebastián Limestone of Puerto Rico, with a record also known from the Chandler Bridge Formation of South Carolina South Carolina ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders North Carolina to the north and northeast, the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast, and Georgia (U.S. state), Georg ..., USA. Description ''Priscosiren'' was diagnosed from other "halitheriine" dugongids by Velez-Juarbe and Domning (2014). Phylogeny ''Priscosiren'' is recovered by Velez-Juarbe and Domning (2014) as sister ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lentiarenium
''Lentiarenium'' was an early sirenia, sea cow from the Late Oligocene (Chattian) Linz-Melk Formation of Austria. Known since the mid 19th century, ''Lentiarenium'' was long considered to be a species of ''Halitherium'' until a 2016 analysis showed it to be distinct. History and naming The earliest discoveries of ''Lentiarenium'' date to the early 19th century, with a mandible, ribs, vertebrae and molars being found in sandpits of the city of Linz. Following communication between several researchers across multiple Austrian institutions, the remains were correctly identified as belonging to an extinct species of seacow by paleontologist Leopold Fitzinger, who would go on to describe the material in 1842. Fitzinger believed the bones to belong to the sirenian ''Halitherium'', described by Johann Jakob Kaup just four years prior. At the time of its description, it was thought to be the only sirenian of the area surrounding Linz. However additional finds from Upper Austria were made ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caribosiren
''Caribosiren'' is an extinct genus of mammal which existed in what is now Puerto Rico during the late Oligocene (Chattian). Fossils have been recovered from the San Sebastián Limestone The San Sebastián Formation is a geologic formation in Puerto Rico. It preserves fossils dating back to the Oligocene period. It was primarily deposited as limestone in a marine environment, but some localities with a significant amount of ter .... References Dugongidae Oligocene sirenians Fossil taxa described in 1959 Prehistoric placental genera {{Paleo-sirenian-stub Fossils of Puerto Rico ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Callistosiren
''Callistosiren'' is an extinct genus of mammal which existed in what is now Puerto Rico during the late Oligocene (Chattian The Chattian is, in the geologic timescale, the younger of two ages or upper of two stages of the Oligocene Epoch/Series. It spans the time between . The Chattian is preceded by the Rupelian and is followed by the Aquitanian (the lowest stage ...).J. Velez-Juarbe and D. P. Domning. 2015. Fossil Sirenia of the West Atlantic and Caribbean region. XI. Callistosiren boriquensis, gen. et sp. nov. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology e885034 References Dugongidae Oligocene sirenians Fossil taxa described in 2015 Prehistoric placental genera {{Paleo-sirenian-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bharatisiren
''Bharatisiren'' is an extinct genus of mammal which existed in what is now India during the early Miocene (Aquitanian) period. Taxonomy The type species of ''Bharatisiren'', ''B. kachchhebsis'', was originally named as a species of ''Metaxytherium ''Metaxytherium'' is an extinct genus of dugong that lived from the Oligocene until the end of the Pliocene. Fossil remains have been found in Africa, Europe, North America and South America. Generally marine seagrass specialists, they inhabited ...'', ''M. kachchhebsis'', by Bajpai et al. (1987) from the Aquitanian-age Khari Nadi Formation of western India. Bajpai and Domning (1997) however, judged ''M. kachchhensis'' generically distinct enough from the ''Metaxytherium'' type species to warrant its own genus, ''Bharatisiren''.S. Bajpai and D. P. Domning. 1997. A new dugongine sirenian from the early Miocene of India. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 17(1):219-228. References Dugongidae Miocene sirenians Fossil taxa desc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
