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Dominance (ecology)
Ecological dominance is the degree to which one or several species have a major influence controlling the other species in their Community (ecology), ecological community (because of their large size, population, productivity, or related factors) or make up more of the Biomass (ecology), biomass. Both the composition and abundance of species within an ecosystem can be affected by the dominant species present. In most of the world's ecosystems, biologists have repeatedly observed a Rank abundance curve, rank-abundance curve in which ecosystems comprise a handful of incredibly abundant species, but more numerous, rarer species that are few in number. Danish botanist Christen C. Raunkiær described this phenomenon as his "Occupancy frequency distribution, law of frequency" in 1918, in which he recognized that in communities with a single species accounting for most of the biomass, species diversity was often lower. Understandably, biologists expect to see more profound effects fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhizophora Yngtree
''Rhizophora'' is a genus of tropical mangrove trees, sometimes collectively called true mangroves. The most notable species is the red mangrove (''Rhizophora mangle'') but some other species and a few natural hybrid (biology), hybrids are known. ''Rhizophora'' species generally live in intertidal zones which are inundated daily by the ocean. They exhibit a number of adaptations to this environment, including Aerial root, pneumatophores that elevate the plants above the water and allow them to Cellular respiration, respire oxygen even while their lower roots are submerged and a Cell biology, cytological molecular "pump" mechanism that allows them to remove excess salts from their cells. The generic name is derived from the Greek language, Greek words ῥίζα (''rhiza''), meaning "root," and φορός (''phoros''), meaning "bearing," referring to the stilt-roots. The beetle ''Poecilips fallax'' is a common pest (organism), pest of these trees, especially ''Rhizophora mucronata' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhizophoraceae
The Rhizophoraceae is a family of tropical or subtropical flowering plants. It includes around 147 species distributed in 15 genera.Setoguchi, H., Kosuge, K., & Tobe, H. (1999). Molecular Phylogeny of Rhizophoraceae Based on rbcL Gene Sequences. ''Journal of Plant Research'', ''112''(4), 443–455. Under the family, there are three tribes, Rhizophoreae, Gynotrocheae, and Macarisieae. Even though Rhizophoraceae is known for its mangrove members, only the genera under Rhizophoreae grow in the mangrove habitats and the remaining members live in inland forests. Taxonomy This family is now placed in the order Malpighiales, though under the Cronquist system, they formed an order in themselves (Rhizophorales).Juncosa, A. M., & Tomlinson, P. B. (1988). A Historical and Taxonomic Synopsis of Rhizophoraceae and Anisophylleaceae. ''Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden'', ''75''(4), 1278. It is sister group to Erythroxylaceae. The sister group to the tribe Rhizophoreae is Gynotroche ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Britain
Great Britain is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north-west coast of continental Europe, consisting of the countries England, Scotland, and Wales. With an area of , it is the largest of the British Isles, the List of European islands by area, largest European island, and the List of islands by area, ninth-largest island in the world. It is dominated by a maritime climate with narrow temperature differences between seasons. The island of Ireland, with an area 40 per cent that of Great Britain, is to the west – these islands, along with over List of islands of the British Isles, 1,000 smaller surrounding islands and named substantial rocks, comprise the British Isles archipelago. Connected to mainland Europe until 9,000 years ago by a land bridge now known as Doggerland, Great Britain has been inhabited by modern humans for around 30,000 years. In 2011, it had a population of about , making it the world's List of islands by population, third-most-populous islan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
British National Vegetation Classification
__NOTOC__ The British National Vegetation Classification or NVC is a system of classifying natural habitat types in Great Britain according to the vegetation they contain. A large scientific meeting of ecologists, botanists, and other related professionals in the United Kingdom resulted in the publication of a compendium of five books: '' British Plant Communities'', edited by John S. Rodwell, which detail the incidence of plant species in twelve major habitat types in the British natural environment. They are the first systematic and comprehensive account of the vegetation types of the country. They cover all natural, semi-natural and major artificial habitats in Great Britain (not Northern Ireland) and represent fifteen years of research by leading plant ecologists. From the data collated from the books, commercial software products have been developed to help to classify vegetation identified into one of the many habitat types found in Great Britain – these include ''MAT ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dominance Index
Dominance may refer to: Social relationships * Dominance hierarchy or social hierarchy, an organizational form by which individuals within a community control the distribution of resources within the community * Dominance and submission, set of behaviors, customs, and rituals in an erotic or lifestyle context * Social dominance theory, a theory of intergroup relations * Social dominance orientation, a personality trait * Abusive power and control, the way that an abusive person gains and maintains power and control over another person *Dual strategies theory, dominance and its counterpart prestige as two strategies for gaining status in human hierarchies Biology * Dominance (ethology), in animal behaviour and anthropology, the level of social status relative to other individuals * Dominance (ecology), the degree of predominance of one or a few species in an ecological community * Dominance (genetics), a relationship between the effects of different versions of a gene Mathem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Community Importance Index
A community is a social unit (a group of people) with a shared socially-significant characteristic, such as place, set of norms, culture, religion, values, customs, or identity. Communities may share a sense of place situated in a given geographical area (e.g. a country, village, town, or neighborhood) or in virtual space through communication platforms. Durable good relations that extend beyond immediate genealogical ties also define a sense of community, important to people's identity, practice, and roles in social institutions such as family, home, work, government, TV network, society, or humanity at large. Although communities are usually small relative to personal social ties, "community" may also refer to large-group affiliations such as national communities, international communities, and virtual communities. In terms of sociological categories, a community can seem like a sub-set of a social collectivity. In developmental views, a community can emerge out of a co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Competitive Index
Competition is a rivalry where two or more parties strive for a common goal which cannot be shared: where one's gain is the other's loss (an example of which is a zero-sum game). Competition can arise between entities such as organisms, individuals, economic and social groups, etc. The rivalry can be over attainment of any exclusive goal, including recognition. Competition occurs in nature, between living organisms which co-exist in the same environment. Animals compete over water supplies, food, mates, and other biological resources. Humans usually compete for food and mates, though when these needs are met deep rivalries often arise over the pursuit of wealth, power, prestige, and fame when in a static, repetitive, or unchanging environment. Competition is a major tenet of market economies and business, often associated with business competition as companies are in competition with at least one other firm over the same group of customers. Competition inside a company ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Importance Value Index
The Importance Value Index (IVI) in Ecology is the quantitative measure of how dominant a species is in a given ecosystem. It combines multiple parameters to reflect a species' overall dominance, helping to describe the structure and composition of ecosystems. Components The IVI is calculated by summing three relative measures for each species in a given area: * Relative density – the number of individuals of a species divided by the total number of individuals of all species. * Relative frequency – the frequency of a species (i.e., the proportion of plots in which it occurs) relative to the sum of frequencies for all species. * Relative dominance – typically based on basal area (for trees) or canopy cover, representing the area occupied by a species compared to the total. IVI = Relative Density + Relative Frequency + Relative Dominance Each of these components is expressed as a percentage, so the IVI ranges from 0 to 300. Applications IVI is commonly used in vegeta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cerrado
The Cerrado () is a vast ecoregion of Tropics, tropical savanna in central Brazil, being present in the states of Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Tocantins, Maranhão, Piauí, Bahia, Minas Gerais, São Paulo (state), São Paulo, Paraná (state), Paraná and the Federal District (Brazil), Federal District. The core areas of the Cerrado biome are the Brazilian highlands – the ''Planalto''. The main habitat types of the Cerrado consist of forest savanna, wooded savanna, park savanna and grass, gramineous-woody savanna. The Cerrado also includes savanna wetlands and gallery forests. The second largest of Biomes in Brazil, Brazil's major habitat types, after the Amazon rainforest, Amazonian rainforest, the Cerrado accounts for a full 21 percent of the country's land area (extending marginally into Paraguay and Bolivia). About 75% of the Cerrado’s 2 million km2 is privately owned. Vast amounts of research have shown that the Cerrado is one of the richest of all tropi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cephalotes Pusillus
''Cephalotes pusillus'' is a species of arboreal ant in the genus '' Cephalotes'', described in 1824 and characterized by its oddly shaped head and ability to glide if it falls from a tree, as gliding ant Gliding ants are arboreal ants of several different genera that are able to control the direction of their descent when falling from a tree. Living in the rainforest canopy like many other gliders, gliding ants use their gliding to return to the ...s do. References pusillus Insects described in 1824 {{Cephalotes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cephalotes
''Cephalotes'' is a genus of tree-dwelling ant species from the Americas, commonly known as turtle ants. All appear to be gliding ants, with the ability to "parachute" and steer their fall so as to land back on the tree trunk rather than fall to the ground, which is often flooded. Ecological specialization and evolution of a soldier caste One of the most important aspects of the genus' social evolution and adaptation is the manner in which their social organization has been shaped by environmental pressures.Hölldobler, B., Wilson, E. O., & Nelson, M. C. (2009). The superorganism: the beauty, elegance, and strangeness of insect societies. New York: W.W. Norton. This is particularly true of the species '' Cephalotes rohweri'', in which an entire soldier class has evolved as a result of highly specialized nest cavity availability.Powell, S. (2008). Ecological specialization and the evolution of a specialized caste in ''Cephalotes'' ant. Functional Ecology, 22, 902-911. Because an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Limpet
Limpets are a group of aquatic snails with a conical gastropod shell, shell shape (patelliform) and a strong, muscular foot. This general category of conical shell is known as "patelliform" (dish-shaped). Existing within the class Gastropoda, limpets are a polyphyletic group (its members descending from different immediate ancestors). All species of Patellogastropoda are limpets, with the Patellidae family in particular often referred to as "true limpets". Examples of other clades commonly referred to as limpets include the Vetigastropoda family Fissurellidae ("keyhole limpet"), which use a siphon to pump water over their gills, and the Siphonariidae ("false limpets"), which have a pneumostome for breathing air like the majority of terrestrial Gastropoda. Description The basic anatomy of a limpet consists of the usual molluscan organs and systems: * A nervous system centered around the paired Brain, cerebral, foot, pedal, and pleural sets of ganglion, ganglia. These ganglia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
