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Limpet
Limpets are a group of aquatic snails with a conical gastropod shell, shell shape (patelliform) and a strong, muscular foot. This general category of conical shell is known as "patelliform" (dish-shaped). Existing within the class Gastropoda, limpets are a polyphyletic group (its members descending from different immediate ancestors). All species of Patellogastropoda are limpets, with the Patellidae family in particular often referred to as "true limpets". Examples of other clades commonly referred to as limpets include the Vetigastropoda family Fissurellidae ("keyhole limpet"), which use a siphon to pump water over their gills, and the Siphonariidae ("false limpets"), which have a pneumostome for breathing air like the majority of terrestrial Gastropoda. Description The basic anatomy of a limpet consists of the usual molluscan organs and systems: * A nervous system centered around the paired Brain, cerebral, foot, pedal, and pleural sets of ganglion, ganglia. These ganglia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patellogastropoda
The Patellogastropoda, common name true limpets and historically called the Docoglossa, are members of a major phylogenetic group of marine (ocean), marine gastropods, treated by experts either as a clade or as a taxonomic Order (biology), order. The clade Patellogastropoda is deemed monophyletic based on phylogenetic analysis. Taxonomy Patellogastropoda was proposed by David R. Lindberg, 1986, as an order, and was later included in the subclass Eogastropoda Ponder & Lindberg, 1996. 2005 taxonomy Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005), Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005 designated Patellogastropoda, true limpets, as a clade, rather than as a taxon, but within included superfamilies and families as listed below. Families that are exclusively fossil are indicated with a dagger †: * Superfamily Patelloidea ** Family Patellidae * Superfamily Nacelloidea ** Family Nacellidae * Superfamily Lottioidea ** Family Lottiidae ** Family Acmaeidae Forbes, 1850 *** subfamily Acmaeinae For ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fissurellidae
Fissurellidae, common name the keyhole limpets and slit limpets, is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized limpet-like sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Vetigastropoda.Rosenberg, G. (2012). Fissurellidae. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=111 on 2013-01-02 Their common name derives from the small hole in the apex of their cone-like shells. Although superficially resembling "true" limpets, they are in fact not closely related to them. Distribution The distribution of fissurellids is worldwide, from cold waters to tropical waters. Powell A. W. B., ''New Zealand Mollusca'', William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 Habitat Fissurellids live in habitats on and under rocks in the lower intertidal zones to deeper waters. Shell description Keyhole limpets somewhat resemble true limpets because of the simple conical shape of their shells, but in reality they ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Common Limpet
''Patella vulgata'', common name the common limpet or common European limpet is a species of sea snail. It is a typical true limpet; a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Patellidae, with gills.Gofas, S. (2014). Patella vulgata Linnaeus, 1758. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=140685 on 2014-10-29 This species occurs in the waters of Western Europe. Radula The radula in this species is longer than the shell itself. It contains 1,920 teeth in 160 rows of 12 teeth each. ''Patella vulgata'' is found attached to firm substrates from the high shore to the edge of the sublittoral zone, although it predominates in areas of wave action. Its shell is conical, up to around 6 cm long, and lacks defined chirality. Common limpets are believed to be able to live for up to twenty years. ''Patella vulgata'' has been the focus of a range of scientific investigation, as far back as 1935. Its development is well de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patellidae
Patellidae is a taxonomic family of true limpets, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Patelloidea. (The superfamily Patelloidea should not be confused with the similar-sounding genus of true limpets '' Patelloida'' which is in the family Lottiidae within the superfamily Lottioidea, also part of the Patellogastropoda.) The largest known limpet in the world is '' Scutellastra mexicana'' that can reach in length. Taxonomy A cladogram showing phylogenic relations of Patellogastropoda based on molecular phylogeny research by Nakano & Ozawa (2007): Genera There are four extant genera in the family Patellidae: * '' Cymbula'' H. & A. Adams, 1854 * '' Helcion'' Montfort, 1810 * ''Patella'' Linnaeus, 1758 * '' Scutellastra'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854 There are two exclusively fossil genera: * † '' Berlieria'' de Loriol, 1903 * † '' Proscutum'' P. Fischer, 1885 Synonyms Synonyms include the following: * ''Ansates'' G.B. Sowerby II x Klein 1839: synonym of '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gastropoda
Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and from the land. There are many thousands of species of sea snails and sea slug, slugs, as well as freshwater snails, freshwater limpets, land snails and slugs. The class Gastropoda is a diverse and highly successful class of mollusks within the phylum Mollusca. It contains a vast total of named species, second only to the insects in overall number. The fossil history of this class goes back to the Furongian, Late Cambrian. , 721 family (taxonomy), families of gastropods are known, of which 245 are extinct and appear only in the fossil record, while 476 are currently neontology, extant living fossil, with or without a fossil record. Gastropoda (previously known as univalves and sometimes spelled "Gasteropoda") are a major part of the phylum Mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siphonariidae
Siphonariidae, also known as false limpets, are a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized air-breathing sea snails, marine and brackish water pulmonate gastropod molluscs. __TOC__ Shell description Empty siphonariid limpet shells can be distinguished from true limpet shells by examining the interior. In the siphonariids there is a well-marked lateral groove on the right side of the shell, and a corresponding interruption of the ring of muscle attachment scars. These markers show the positioning of the pneumostome or pulmonary orifice. Genera Genera in the family Siphonariidae include: * '' Anthosiphonaria'' Kuroda & Habe, 1971 ** '' Anthosiphonaria sirius'' * '' Aporemodon'' Robson, 1913 * ''Benhamina'' Finlay, 1927 - with the only one species '' Benhamina obliquata'' (G. B. Sowerby I, 1825) * '' Ellsiphon'' Iredale, 1940 * '' Hebesiphon'' Iredale, 1940 * '' Heterosiphonaria'' Hubendick, 1945 * '' Hubendickula'' McAlpine, 1952 * '' Kerguelenella'' Powell, 1946 - synonym: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gastropod Shell
The gastropod shell is part of the body of many gastropods, including snails, a kind of mollusc. The shell is an exoskeleton, which protects from predators, mechanical damage, and dehydration, but also serves for muscle attachment and calcium storage. Some gastropods appear shell-less (slugs) but may have a remnant within the mantle, or in some cases the shell is reduced such that the body cannot be retracted within it (semi-slug). Some snails also possess an operculum that seals the opening of the shell, known as the Aperture (mollusc), aperture, which provides further protection. The study of mollusc shells is known as conchology. The biological study of gastropods, and other molluscs in general, is malacology. Shell morphology terms vary by species group. Shell layers The gastropod shell has three major layers secreted by the Mantle (mollusc), mantle. The calcareous central layer, ostracum, is typically made of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitated into an organic matrix ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radula
The radula (; : radulae or radulas) is an anatomical structure used by mollusks for feeding, sometimes compared to a tongue. It is a minutely toothed, chitinous ribbon, which is typically used for scraping or cutting food before the food enters the esophagus. The radula is unique to the mollusks, and is found in every class of mollusk except the bivalves, which instead use cilia, waving filaments that bring minute organisms to the mouth. Within the gastropods, the radula is used in feeding by both herbivorous and carnivorous snails and slugs. The arrangement of teeth ( denticles) on the radular ribbon varies considerably from one group to another. In most of the more ancient lineages of gastropods, the radula is used to graze, by scraping diatoms and other microscopic algae off rock surfaces and other substrates. Predatory marine snails such as the Naticidae use the radula plus an acidic secretion to bore through the shell of other mollusks. Other predatory marine snails, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vetigastropoda
Vetigastropoda is a major taxonomic group of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks that form a very ancient lineage. Taxonomically the Vetigastropoda are sometimes treated as an order, although they are treated as an unranked clade in Bouchet and Rocroi, 2005. Vetigastropods are considered to be among the most primitive living gastropods, and are widely distributed in all oceans of the world. Their habitats range from the deep sea to intertidal zones. Many have shells with slits or other secondary openings. One of their main characteristics is the presence of intersected crossed platy shell structure. Most vetigastropods have some bilateral asymmetry of their organ systems. Description Vetigastropods range in size from approximately 0.08 in (2 mm) long in the case of Scissurelloidea or Skeneoidea, to more than 11.8 in (300 mm) in length, as with the Haliotoidea. External colours and patterns are typically drab, but such groups as the Tricolioidea and some ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hemocoel
In vertebrates, the circulatory system is a organ system, system of organs that includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood which is circulated throughout the body. It includes the cardiovascular system, or vascular system, that consists of the heart and blood vessels (from Greek meaning ''heart'', and Latin meaning ''vessels''). The circulatory system has two divisions, a systemic circulation, systemic circulation or circuit, and a pulmonary circulation, pulmonary circulation or circuit. Some sources use the terms ''cardiovascular system'' and ''vascular system'' interchangeably with ''circulatory system''. The network of blood vessels are the great vessels of the heart including large elastic arteries, and large veins; other arteries, smaller arterioles, capillaries that join with venules (small veins), and other veins. The Closed circulatory system, circulatory system is closed in vertebrates, which means that the blood never leaves the network of blood vessels. Many in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Osphradium
The osphradium is a pigmented chemosensory epithelium patch in the mantle cavity present in six of the eight extant classes of molluscs (it is absent in the Scaphopoda and Monoplacophora; most Cephalopoda also lack it, but the nautilus has what appears to be a set of osphradia ), on or adjacent to the ctenidia (gills). The main function of this organ is disputed but it is believed to be used to test incoming water for silt and possible food particles or, in some species, for sensing the presence of light. It is a popular idea among malacologists that the presence of an osphradium should be a molluscan synapomorphy. However, an osphradium is absent in monoplacophorans and scaphopods. Moreover, the differences in enervation of these patches suggest that the osphradium (as a patch enervated from the ctenidial nerve) may be different from another organ sometimes called the posterior sensory organ (PSO) with separate enervation from the lateral nerve cords. Both types of sensory or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ctenidium (mollusc)
A ctenidium is a respiratory organ or gill which is found in many molluscs. This structure exists in bivalves, cephalopods, polyplacophorans (chitons), and in aquatic gastropods such as freshwater snails and marine snails. Certain molluscs, such as the bivalves, possess paired ctenidia, but others, such as members of the Ampullariidae, bear a single ctenidium. A ctenidium is shaped like a comb or a feather, with a central part from which many filaments or plate-like structures protrude, lined up in a row. Some aquatic gastropods possess a single row of filaments on their ctenidium, known as the monopectinate condition, and others have a pair of filament rows, known as the bipectinate or aspidobranch condition. The ctenidium hangs into the mantle cavity and increases the area available for gas exchange. The apple ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
