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Data Access
Data access is a generic term referring to a process which has both an IT-specific meaning and other connotations involving access rights in a broader legal and/or political sense. In the former it typically refers to software and activities related to storing, retrieving, or acting on data housed in a database or other information repository, repository. Details Two fundamental types of data access exist: # sequential access (as in magnetic tape data storage, magnetic tape, for example) # random access (as in indexed digital media, media) Data access crucially involves authorization to access different data repositories. Data access can help distinguish the abilities of administrators and users. For example, administrators may have the ability to remove, edit and add data, while general users may not even have "read" rights if they lack access to particular information. Historically, each repository (including each different database, file system, etc.), might require the use of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Data
Data ( , ) are a collection of discrete or continuous values that convey information, describing the quantity, quality, fact, statistics, other basic units of meaning, or simply sequences of symbols that may be further interpreted formally. A datum is an individual value in a collection of data. Data are usually organized into structures such as tables that provide additional context and meaning, and may themselves be used as data in larger structures. Data may be used as variables in a computational process. Data may represent abstract ideas or concrete measurements. Data are commonly used in scientific research, economics, and virtually every other form of human organizational activity. Examples of data sets include price indices (such as the consumer price index), unemployment rates, literacy rates, and census data. In this context, data represent the raw facts and figures from which useful information can be extracted. Data are collected using technique ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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XQuery
XQuery (XML Query) is a query language and functional programming language designed to query and transform collections of structured and unstructured data, primarily in the form of XML. It also supports text data and, through implementation-specific extensions, other formats like binary and relational data. The language was developed by the XML Query working group of the W3C, with version 1.0 becoming a W3C Recommendation in January 2007. XQuery development is closely coordinated with the development of XSLT by the XSL Working Group. Both groups jointly maintain XPath, a shared component of XQuery and XSLT. XQuery extends XPath with features like FLWOR (For, Let, Where, Order by, Return) expressions, making it semantically similar to SQL but optimized for hierarchical rather than relational data. XQuery 3.1, published in March 2017, added support for JSON and introduced maps, arrays, and additional higher-order functions, significantly expanding the language's cap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Data Management
Data management comprises all disciplines related to handling data as a valuable resource, it is the practice of managing an organization's data so it can be analyzed for decision making. Concept The concept of data management emerged alongside the evolution of computing technology. In the 1950s, as computers became more prevalent, organizations began to grapple with the challenge of organizing and storing data efficiently. Early methods relied on punch cards and manual sorting, which were labor-intensive and prone to errors. The introduction of database management systems in the 1970s marked a significant milestone, enabling structured storage and retrieval of data. By the 1980s, relational database models revolutionized data management, emphasizing the importance of data as an asset and fostering a data-centric mindset in business. This era also saw the rise of data governance practices, which prioritized the organization and regulation of data to ensure quality and complian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Data Access Layer
A data access layer (DAL) in computer software is a layer of a computer program which provides simplified access to data stored in persistent storage of some kind, such as an entity-relational database. This acronym is prevalently used in Microsoft environments. For example, the DAL might return a reference to an object (in terms of object-oriented programming) complete with its attributes instead of a row of fields from a database table. This allows the client (or user) modules to be created with a higher level of abstraction Abstraction is a process where general rules and concepts are derived from the use and classifying of specific examples, literal (reality, real or Abstract and concrete, concrete) signifiers, first principles, or other methods. "An abstraction" .... This kind of model could be implemented by creating a class of data access methods that directly reference a corresponding set of database stored procedures. Another implementation could potentially ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Data Access Object
In software, a data access object (DAO) is a pattern that provides an abstract interface to some type of database or other persistence mechanism. By mapping application calls to the persistence layer, the DAO provides data operations without exposing database details. This isolation supports the single responsibility principle. It separates the data access the application needs, in terms of domain-specific objects and data types (the DAO's public interface), from how these needs can be satisfied with a specific DBMS (the implementation of the DAO). Although this design pattern is applicable to most programming languages, most software with persistence needs, and most databases, it is traditionally associated with Java EE applications and with relational databases (accessed via the JDBC API because of its origin in Sun Microsystems' best practice guidelines "Core J2EE Patterns". This object can be found in the Data Access layer of the 3-Tier Architecture. There are various ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Right Of Access To Personal Data
The right of access, also referred to as right to access and (data) subject access, is one of the most fundamental rights in Information privacy, data protection laws around the world. For instance, the United States, Singapore, Brazil, and countries in Europe have all developed laws that regulate access to personal data as privacy protection. The European Union states that: "The right of access occupies a central role in EU data protection law's arsenal of data subject empowerment measures." This right is often implemented as a Subject Access Request (SAR) or Data Subject Access Request (DSAR). United Nations The aspirational Sustainable Development Goal 16, target 9, calls for the provision of legal identity for all human beings. "In the digital economy, this becomes the right to a digital identity." Such an identity could help in filing subject access requests. Brazil Brazil's General Personal Data Protection Law, General Data Protection Law (LGPD) is its first comprehensive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Database Connection
A database connection is a facility in computer science that allows client software to talk to database server software, whether on the same machine or not. A connection is required to send commands and receive answers, usually in the form of a result set. Connections are a key concept in data-centric programming. Since some DBMS engines require considerable time to connect, connection pooling was invented to improve performance. No command can be performed against a database without an "open and available" connection to it. Connections are built by supplying an underlying driver or provider with a connection string, which is a way of addressing a specific database or server and instance as well as user authentication credentials (for example, ''Server=sql_box;Database=Common;User ID=uid;Pwd=password;''). Once a connection has been built it can be opened and closed at will, and properties (such as the command time-out length, or transaction, if one exists) can be set. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Connection String
In computing, a connection string is a string that specifies information about a data source and the means of connecting to it. It is passed in code to an underlying driver or provider in order to initiate the connection. Whilst commonly used for a database connection, the data source could also be a spreadsheet or text file. The connection string may include attributes such as the name of the driver, server and database, as well as security information such as user name and password. Examples This example shows a PostgreSQL connection string for connecting to wikipedia.com with SSL and a connection timeout of 180 seconds: DRIVER=;SERVER=www.wikipedia.com;SSL=true;SSLMode=require;DATABASE=wiki;UID=wikiuser;Connect Timeout=180;PWD=ashiknoor Users of Oracle databases can specify connection strings: * on the command line (as in: sqlplus scott/tiger@connection_string ) * via environment variables ($TWO_TASK in Unix-like environments; %TWO_TASK% in Microsoft Windows environments) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Structured Data
A data model is an abstract model that organizes elements of data and standardizes how they relate to one another and to the properties of real-world entities. For instance, a data model may specify that the data element representing a car be composed of a number of other elements which, in turn, represent the color and size of the car and define its owner. The corresponding professional activity is called generally ''data modeling'' or, more specifically, '' database design''. Data models are typically specified by a data expert, data specialist, data scientist, data librarian, or a data scholar. A data modeling language and notation are often represented in graphical form as diagrams. Michael R. McCaleb (1999)"A Conceptual Data Model of Datum Systems". National Institute of Standards and Technology. August 1999. A data model can sometimes be referred to as a data structure, especially in the context of programming languages. Data models are often complemented by function ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Unstructured Data
Unstructured data (or unstructured information) is information that either does not have a pre-defined data model or is not organized in a pre-defined manner. Unstructured information is typically plain text, text-heavy, but may contain data such as dates, numbers, and facts as well. This results in irregularities and ambiguities that make it difficult to understand using traditional programs as compared to data stored in fielded form in databases or annotation, annotated (Tag (metadata), semantically tagged) in documents. In 1998, Merrill Lynch said "unstructured data comprises the vast majority of data found in an organization, some estimates run as high as 80%." It is unclear what the source of this number is, but nonetheless it is accepted by some. Other sources have reported similar or higher percentages of unstructured data. , International Data Corporation, IDC and Dell EMC project that data will grow to 40 zettabytes by 2020, resulting in a 50-fold growth from the beginnin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Web Services
A web service (WS) is either: * a service offered by an electronic device to another electronic device, communicating with each other via the Internet, or * a server running on a computer device, listening for requests at a particular port over a network, serving web documents (HTML, JSON, XML, images). In a web service, a web technology such as HTTP is used for transferring machine-readable file formats such as XMLHttpRequest, XML and JSON. In practice, a web service commonly provides an Object database, object-oriented web-based interface to a database server, utilized for example by another web server, or by a Mobile app development, mobile app, that provides a user interface to the end-user. Many organizations that provide data in formatted HTML pages will also provide that data on their server as XML or JSON, often through a Web service to allow Web syndication, syndication. Another application offered to the end-user may be a Mashup (web application hybrid), mashup, where a W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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XPath
XPath (XML Path Language) is an expression language designed to support the query or transformation of XML documents. It was defined by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) in 1999, and can be used to compute values (e.g., strings, numbers, or Boolean values) from the content of an XML document. Support for XPath exists in applications that support XML, such as web browsers, and many programming languages. The XPath language is based on a tree representation of the XML document, and provides the ability to navigate around the tree, selecting nodes by a variety of criteria. In popular use (though not in the official specification), an XPath expression is often referred to simply as "an XPath". Originally motivated by a desire to provide a common syntax and behavior model between XPointer and XSLT, subsets of the XPath query language are used in other W3C specifications such as XML Schema, XForms and the Internationalization Tag Set (ITS). XPath has been adopted by a num ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |