Cruciate Ligament Injury (other)
Cruciate ligament injury may refer to: * Anterior cruciate ligament injury * Posterior cruciate ligament injury * Tear of the cruciate ligament of atlas See also * Unhappy triad The unhappy triad, also known as a blown knee among other names, is an knee injury, injury to the anterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament, and meniscus (anatomy), meniscus. Analysis during the 1990s indicated that this 'classic' O' ...

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
An anterior cruciate ligament injury occurs when the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is either stretched, partially torn, or completely torn. The most common injury is a complete tear. Symptoms include pain, an audible cracking sound during injury, instability of the knee, and knee effusion, joint swelling. Swelling generally appears within a couple of hours. In approximately 50% of cases, other knee joint, structures of the knee such as surrounding ligaments, cartilage, or Meniscus (anatomy), meniscus are damaged. The underlying mechanism often involves a rapid change in direction, sudden stop, landing after a jump, or direct contact to the knee. It is more common in athletes, particularly those who participate in alpine skiing, Association football, football (soccer), netball, American football, or basketball. Diagnosis is typically made by physical examination and is sometimes supported by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Physical examination will often show tenderness aro ...
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Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
The function of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is to prevent the femur from sliding off the anterior edge of the tibia and to prevent the tibia from displacing posterior to the femur. Common causes of PCL injuries are direct blows to the flexed knee, such as the knee hitting the dashboard in a car accident or falling hard on the knee, both instances displacing the tibia posterior to the femur. Surgery to repair the posterior cruciate ligament is controversial due to its placement and technical difficulty. The posterior drawer test is one of the tests used by doctors and physiotherapists to detect injury to the PCL. An additional test of posterior cruciate ligament injury is the ''posterior sag test'', where, in contrast to the drawer test, no active force is applied. Rather, the person lies supine with the leg held by another person so that the hip is flexed to 90 degrees and the knee 90 degrees. The main parameter in this test is ''step-off'', which is the shortest distance ...
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Cruciate Ligament Of Atlas
The cruciate ligament of the atlas (cruciform ligament) is a cross-shaped (thus the name) ligament in the neck forming part of the atlanto-axial joint. It consists of the transverse ligament of atlas, a superior longitudinal band, and an inferior longitudinal band. The cruciate ligament of the atlas prevents abnormal movement of the atlanto-axial joint. It may be torn, such as by fractures of the atlas bone. Structure The cruciate ligament of the atlas consists of the transverse ligament of the atlas, a superior longitudinal band, and an inferior longitudinal band. The superior longitudinal band connects the transverse ligament to the anterior side of the foramen magnum (near the basilar part) in the occipital bone of the skull. The inferior longitudinal band connects the transverse ligament to the body of the axis bone (C2). Variation The inferior longitudinal band may be absent in some people; the rest of the ligament is invariably present. Gerber's ligament In about h ...
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