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Council Of Troubles
The Council of Troubles (usual English translation of , or , or ) was the special tribunal instituted on 9 September 1567 by Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba, governor-general of the Habsburg Netherlands on the orders of Philip II of Spain to punish the ringleaders of the recent political and religious troubles in the Netherlands. Due to the many death sentences pronounced by the tribunal, it also became known as the Council of Blood (''Bloedraad'' in Dutch and ''Conseil de Sang'' in French). The tribunal would be abolished by Alba's successor, Luis de Zúñiga y Requesens on 7 June 1574 in exchange for a subsidy from the States-General of the Netherlands, but in practice, it remained in session until the popular revolution in Brussels of the summer of 1576. Background During the final two years of the regency of Margaret of Parma over the Habsburg Netherlands, circumstances—political (disaffection of the high nobility with its diminished role in the councils of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ghent
Ghent ( ; ; historically known as ''Gaunt'' in English) is a City status in Belgium, city and a Municipalities of Belgium, municipality in the Flemish Region of Belgium. It is the capital and largest city of the Provinces of Belgium, province of East Flanders, and the third largest in the country, after Brussels and Antwerp. It is a Port of Ghent, port and Ghent University, university city. The city originally started as a settlement at the confluence of the Rivers Scheldt and Leie. In the Late Middle Ages Ghent became one of the largest and richest cities of northern Europe, with some 50,000 people in 1300. After the late 16th century Ghent became a less important city, resulting in an extremely well-preserved historic centre, that now makes Ghent an important destination of tourism. The municipality comprises the city of Ghent proper and the surrounding suburbs of Afsnee, Desteldonk, Drongen, Gentbrugge, Ledeberg, Mariakerke, East Flanders, Mariakerke, Mendonk, Oostakker, S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lenaert Jansz De Graeff
Lenaert Jansz de Graeff, also ''Lena(e)rt Jansz Graeff'', ''Leendert de Graeff'' and ''Leonhard de Graeff'' (Amsterdam, – in Exile, ) belonged to the powerful Amsterdam Patrician (post-Roman Europe), patriciate. He was one of the leaders of the Protestant Reformation in Amsterdam, a friend of Henry, Count of Bréderode, the "Grote Geus", and his deputy as vice-general-captain of Amsterdam, and according to a family tradition identified with "Monseigneur de Graeff", a privateer and captain of the Sea Beggars during the Capture of Brielle. In recent research, Lenaert Jansz de Graeff is described as one of the leaders of the Sea Beggars alongside Admiral William II de La Marck, William II de la Marck, Lord Lumey and Willem Bloys van Treslong. His character was also used in a historical novel about ''De Grote Geus''. Biography Family Lenaert Jansz de Graeff was a member of the patrician family De Graeff, son of Jan Pietersz Graeff, a cloth wholesaler and member of the City gove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dirck Volckertszoon Coornhert
Dirck Volckertszoon Coornhert (152229 October 1590), also known as Theodore Cornhert, was a Dutch writer, philosopher, translator, politician, theologian, and artist. Coornhert is often considered the Father of Dutch Renaissance scholarship. Biography Coornhert was the youngest son of Volckert Coornhert, an Amsterdam cloth merchant. As a child, he spent some years in Spain and Portugal. Returning home, he was disinherited by his father's will in 1539, for his marriage with Cornelia (Neeltje) Simons, a portionless gentlewoman from Haarlem, whose sister was Anna Simonsdr, the mistress of Reginald (Reinoud), count of Brederode (they were the parents of Lucretia van Brederode). He was only seventeen and she was twelve years older. Through his sister-in-law, he became major-domo to Reginald at his castle in Vianen for a short time. Soon after that, in 1541, he bought a house in his wife's hometown of Haarlem on the St. Janssteeg from Anna and her husband Jan. Though he started of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
States Of Holland
The States of Holland and West Frisia () were the representation of the two Estates (''standen'') to the court of the Count of Holland. After the United Provinces were formed — and there no longer was a count, but only his "lieutenant" (the stadtholder) — they continued to function as the government of the County of Holland. The nobility was normally represented by the Land's Advocate of Holland or Grand Pensionary of Holland, who combined the votes of the ten members of the '' Ridderschap'' (the "Knighthood") in the estates; the nobility was also supposed to represent all rural interest, including those of the farmers. The Commons consisted of representatives of eighteen cities, in ancient feudal order: eleven of the Southern Quarter: Dordrecht, Haarlem, Delft, Leyden, Amsterdam, Gouda, Rotterdam, Gorinchem, Schiedam, Schoonhoven and Brill; seven of the Northern West Frisian Quarter: Alkmaar, Hoorn, Enkhuizen, Edam, Monnikendam, Medemblik and Purmerend. More ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Van Zuylen Van Nijevelt
Van Zuylen van Nijevelt () is a noble family from the region of Rotterdam, town and region where several members of the family played a significant role. The head of the family is the Count van Zuylen van Nijevelt; the rest of the family bears the title baron or baroness. Origins During the 19th century members of this family tried to prove that they were descendants of the Utrecht noble family. This has later been found impossible to prove. Their genealogy starts with a merchant in hosiery trade Van Zuylen. Later they added 'Van Nijevelt' at the time when they had become affluent and accomplished important duties in Rotterdam. In 1848 they added "Van De Weyer", because of a familial marriage. Philip Julius van Zuylen van Nijevelt, senator, was made comte de l'Empire dd. 17 maart 1811. Several of his brothers were made baron de l'Empire in 1813 (not formally confirmed). Under the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, several royal decrees, between 1815–1822, confirmed the nob ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brielle
Brielle (), also called Den Briel in Dutch and Brill in English, is a town and historic seaport in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland, on the north side of the island of Voorne-Putten, at the mouth of the New Maas. The former municipality covered an area of of which was water. In its population was . The former municipality of Brielle also included the communities of Vierpolders and Zwartewaal. On 1 January 2023, the municipality of Brielle merged with Hellevoetsluis and Westvoorne into the new municipality of Voorne aan Zee. Brielle, New Jersey was named after Brielle by the Dutch colonists of New Jersey, originally New Netherland. History Brielle is a very old, fortified town. Its name is derived from the Celtic word ''brogilo'' (meaning "closed area" or "hunting grounds"). The oldest writings about Brielle indicate that the current location is the "new" Brielle. ''Den ouden Briel'' (Old Brill) must have been situated somewhere else on the Voorne-P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jonathan Israel
Jonathan Irvine Israel (born 22 January 1946) is a British historian specialising in Dutch history, the Age of Enlightenment, Spinoza's Philosophy and European Jews. Israel was appointed as Andrew W. Mellon Professor in the School of Historical Studies at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey, in January 2001 and retired in July 2016. He was previously Professor of Dutch History and Institutions at the University College London. In recent years, Israel has focused his attention on a multi-volume history of the Age of Enlightenment. He contrasts two camps. The "radical Enlightenment" was founded on a rationalist materialism first articulated by Spinoza. Standing in opposition was a "moderate Enlightenment" which he sees as weakened by its belief in God. Life Israel's career until 2001 unfolded in British academia. He attended Kilburn Grammar School, and like his school peer and future fellow historian Robert Wistrich went on to study History as an underg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order Of The Golden Fleece
The Distinguished Order of the Golden Fleece (, ) is a Catholic order of chivalry founded in 1430 in Brugge by Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, to celebrate his marriage to Isabella of Portugal, Duchess of Burgundy, Isabella of Portugal. Today, two branches of the order exist, namely the Spanish Fleece and the Austrian Fleece; the current grand masters are Felipe VI, King Felipe VI of Spain and Karl von Habsburg, head of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, respectively. The Grand Chaplain of the Austrian branch is Cardinal Christoph Schönborn, Archbishop of Vienna. The separation of the two existing branches took place as a result of the War of the Spanish Succession of 1701–1714. The grand master of the order, Charles II of Spain (a House of Habsburg , Habsburg), had died childless in 1700, and so the right to succeed to the throne of Spain (and thus to become the Sovereign of the Order of the Golden Fleece) initiated a global conflict. On one hand, Charles VI, Holy Roman ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philip De Montmorency, Count Of Horn
Philip de Montmorency (ca. 1524 – 5 June 1568 in Brussels), also known as Count of County of Horn, Horn, ''Horne'', ''Hoorne'' or ''Hoorn'', was a victim of the Inquisition in the Spanish Netherlands. Biography De Montmorency was born as the eldest of four children of Josef van Montmorency, Count of Nevele and Anna van Egmont the Elder, who had married shortly after 26 August 1523, and lived at Ooidonk Castle.Albertus van Hulzen, ''De Grote Geus: en het falende Driemanschap'', (Typographie Rombus, 1995), 7 note1. His father died early in 1530 in Bologna, Italy, where he was attending the coronation of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V as Holy Roman Emperor. His mother remarried to Johan II, Count of Horn, one of the wealthiest nobles of the Netherlands, who, in 1540, left the County of Horne to his wife's children on condition they assume his name. A page and later chamberlain at the court of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V, de Montmorency married Walburgis van N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lamoral, Count Of Egmont
Lamoral, Count of Egmont, Prince of Gavere (18 November 1522 – 5 June 1568) was a general and statesman in the Habsburg Netherlands, Spanish Netherlands just before the start of the Eighty Years' War, whose execution helped spark the national uprising that eventually led to the independence of the Netherlands. Biography The Count of House of Egmond, Egmont was at the head of one of the wealthiest and most powerful families in the Low Countries. Patrilineality, Paternally, a branch of the Egmonts ruled the sovereign Dukes of Guelders, duchy of Guelders until 1538. Lamoral was born in Château de Lahamaide near Ellezelles. His father was John IV of Egmont, knight in the Order of the Golden Fleece. His mother belonged to a cadet branch of the House of Luxembourg, and through her he inherited the title ''prince de Gavere''.The complicated series of inheritances through which Gavere, Gavre/Gavere in Flanders and its dependencies passed through the heiress Beatrix de Gavre to Guy IX d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William The Silent
William the Silent or William the Taciturn (; 24 April 153310 July 1584), more commonly known in the Netherlands as William of Orange (), was the leader of the Dutch revolt against the Spanish Habsburg Netherlands, Habsburgs that set off the Eighty Years' War (1568–1648) and resulted in the formal independence of the Dutch Republic, United Provinces in 1648. Born into the House of Nassau, he became Prince of Orange in 1544 and is thereby the founder of the House of Orange-Nassau, Orange-Nassau branch and the ancestor of the monarchy of the Netherlands. In the Netherlands, he is also known as Father of the Nation, Father of the Fatherland (; ). A wealthy nobleman, William originally served the Habsburgs as a member of the court of Margaret of Parma, governor of the Spanish Netherlands. Unhappy with the centralisation of political power away from the local estates and with the Spanish persecution of Dutch Protestants, William joined the Dutch uprising and turned against his fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
