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Coelurosaurs
Coelurosauria (; from Greek, meaning "hollow-tailed lizards") is the clade containing all theropod dinosaurs more closely related to birds than to carnosaurs. Coelurosauria is a subgroup of theropod dinosaurs that includes compsognathids, tyrannosauroids, ornithomimosaurs, maniraptorans, and over the recent years, megaraptorans (Although position within the clade is unclear). Maniraptora includes birds, the only known dinosaur group alive today. In the past, Coelurosauria was used to refer to all small theropods, but this classification has since been amended. Most feathered dinosaurs discovered so far have been coelurosaurs. Philip J. Currie had considered it likely and probable that all coelurosaurs were feathered. However, several skin impressions found for some members of this group show pebbly, scaly skin, indicating that feathers did not completely replace scales in all taxa. Anatomy Bodyplan The studying of anatomical traits in coelurosaurs indicates that the last comm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ornitholestes
''Ornitholestes'' (meaning "bird robber") is a small theropod dinosaur of the late Jurassic ( Brushy Basin Member of the Morrison Formation, middle Kimmeridgian age, about 154 million years agoTurner, C.E. and Peterson, F., (1999). "Biostratigraphy of dinosaurs in the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of the Western Interior, U.S.A." Pp. 77–114 in Gillette, D.D. (ed.), ''Vertebrate Paleontology in Utah''. Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication 99-1.) of Western Laurasia (the area that was to become North America). To date, ''Ornitholestes'' is known only from a single partial skeleton with a badly crushed skull found at the Bone Cabin Quarry near Medicine Bow, Wyoming, in 1900. It was described by Henry Fairfield Osborn in 1903. An incomplete hand was later attributed to ''Ornitholestes'', although it now appears to belong to '' Tanycolagreus''. The type (and only known) species is ''O. hermanni''. The specific name honors the American Museum of Natural History prepa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tyrannosauroidea
Tyrannosauroidea (meaning 'tyrant lizard forms') is a superfamily (or clade) of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaurs that includes the family Tyrannosauridae as well as more basal relatives. Tyrannosauroids lived on the Laurasian supercontinent beginning in the Jurassic Period. By the end of the Cretaceous Period, tyrannosauroids were the dominant large predators in the Northern Hemisphere, culminating in the gigantic ''Tyrannosaurus''. Fossils of tyrannosauroids have been recovered on what are now the continents of North America, Europe and Asia. If Megaraptora is part of Tyrannosauroidea, this would extend the distribution of the group to Australia and South America, and possible fragmentary remains of tyrannosauroids have also been reported from these continents. Tyrannosauroids were bipedal carnivores, as were most theropods, and were characterized by numerous skeletal features, especially of the skull and pelvis. Early in their existence, tyrannosauroids were small predat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Middle Jurassic
The Middle Jurassic is the second Epoch (geology), epoch of the Jurassic Period (geology), Period. It lasted from about 174.1 to 161.5 million years ago. Fossils of land-dwelling animals, such as dinosaurs, from the Middle Jurassic are relatively rare, but geological formations containing land animal fossils include the Forest Marble Formation in England, the Kilmaluag Formation in Scotland,British Geological Survey. 2011Stratigraphic framework for the Middle Jurassic strata of Great Britain and the adjoining continental shelf: research report RR/11/06 British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham. the Calcaire de Caen of France, the Daohugou Beds in China, the Itat Formation in Russia, the Tiouraren Formation of Niger, and the Isalo III Formation of western Madagascar. Rocks of the Middle Jurassic were formerly (until about 1980s) in Europe called ''Dogger'' or ''Brown Jurassic''. Paleogeography During the Middle Jurassic Epoch, Pangaea began to separate into Laurasia and Gond ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Compsognathidae
Compsognathidae is a family of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaurs. Compsognathids were small carnivores, generally conservative in form, hailing from the Jurassic and Cretaceous Period (geology), Periods. The bird-like features of these species, along with other dinosaurs such as ''Archaeopteryx'' inspired the idea for the connection between dinosaur reptiles and modern-day avian species. Compsognathid fossils preserve diverse integument — skin impressions are known from four genera commonly placed in the group, ''Compsognathus'', ''Sinosauropteryx'', ''Sinocalliopteryx'' and ''Juravenator''.Xu, Xing. "Palaeontology: Scales, feathers and dinosaurs." ''Nature'' 440.7082 (2006): 287-288. While the latter three show evidence of a covering of some of the earliest primitive feathers over much of the body, ''Juravenator'' and ''Compsognathus'' also show evidence of scales on the tail or hind legs. "Ubirajara jubatus", informally described in 2020, had elaborate integumentary structures ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nqwebasaurus
''Nqwebasaurus'' is a Basal (phylogenetics), basal Coelurosauria, coelurosaur and the basal-most member of the coelurosaurian clade Ornithomimosauria from the Early Cretaceous of South Africa. The name ''Nqwebasaurus'' is derived from the Xhosa language, Xhosa word ''Nqweba'' which is the local name for the Kirkwood, South Africa, Kirkwood district, and ''thwazi'' is ancient Xhosa for "fast runner". Currently it is the oldest coelurosaur in Africa and shows that basal coelurosaurian dinosaurs inhabited Gondwana 50 million years earlier than previously thought. The type specimen of ''Nqwebasaurus'' was discovered by William J. de Klerk who is affiliated with the Albany Museum, South Africa, Albany Museum in Grahamstown. It is the only fossil of its species found to date and was found in the Kirkwood Formation of the Uitenhage Group. ''Nqwebasaurus'' has the unofficial nickname "Kirky", due to being found in the Kirkwood Formation, Kirkwood. History of discovery ''Nqwebasaurus'' w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lourinhanosaurus
''Lourinhanosaurus'' (meaning "Lourinhã lizard") was a genus of carnivorous theropod dinosaur that lived during the Late Jurassic Period ( Kimmeridgian/Tithonian) in Portugal. It is one of many large predators discovered at the Lourinhã Formation and probably competed with coeval '' Torvosaurus gurneyi'', '' Allosaurus europaeus'', and '' Ceratosaurus''. Discovery and naming Its first remains were found at Peralta, near Lourinhã, Portugal in 1982, but were not described until 1998, by Portuguese paleontologist Octávio Mateus. Its type (and to date only) species is ''L. antunesi'', in honour of Portuguese paleontologist Miguel Telles Antunes. Fossils of Lourinhasaurus are stored at Museu da Lourinhã. To date, the most complete known specimen of ''L. antunesi'' is the holotype, ML 370, which is a partial skeleton. It consists of the six cervical (neck) vertebrae with six ribs, five sacral (hip) vertebrae with ribs, 14 caudal (tail) vertebrae, eight chevrons, both fe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juravenator
''Juravenator'' is a genus of small (75 cm long) coelurosaurian theropod dinosaur (although a 2020 study proposed it to be a hatchling megalosauroid), which lived about 151 or 152 million years ago in the area that would someday become the top of the Franconian Jura of Germany ( Torleite Formation). It is known from a single, juvenile specimen. Description ''Juravenator'' was a small bipedal predator. The holotype of ''Juravenator'' represents a juvenile individual, about seventy-five centimetres in length. In 2006 and 2010 Göhlich established some diagnostic traits. The four teeth of the premaxilla in the front of the snout had serrations on the upper third of the back edge of the tooth crown. Between the tooth row of the premaxilla and that of the maxilla there was no hiatus. The maxillary teeth were few in number, eight with the holotype. The depression or ''fossa'' for the large skull opening, the ''fenestra antorbitalis'', was long and extended far to the front. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iliosuchus
''Iliosuchus'' (meaning "crocodile hipped") is a genus of theropod dinosaur known from Bathonian–age (168.3 – 166.1 mya) rocks of England. It was perhaps long.Holtz, Thomas R. Jr. (2008) ''Dinosaurs: The Most Complete, Up-to-Date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages'Supplementary Information/ref> The only known fossils of this genus are three ilia ( BMNH R83, OUM J29780 and OUM J28971) from the Stonesfield Slate, Oxfordshire, England. From the holotype BMNH R83, Friedrich von Huene described and named the only species, ''I. incognitus'', in 1932. The generic name is derived from the ilium and Greek ''Souchos'', the crocodile god. The specific name means "unknown" in Latin. Another species, ''I. clevelandi'', was proposed in 1976 by Peter Galton, who assigned '' Stokesosaurus clevelandi'' to ''Iliosuchus'', but this has found no acceptance among other researchers; in 1980 Galton himself withdrew his opinion. The ''Iliosuchus'' ilia, very small with a len ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gualicho
''Gualicho'' (named in reference to the gualichu) is an enigmatic genus of theropod dinosaurs. The type species is ''Gualicho shinyae''. It lived in what is now northern Patagonia, on what was then a South American island continent split off from the supercontinent Gondwana. The fossils were found in the Huincul Formation, dating to the late Cenomanian-early Turonian age of the upper Cretaceous Period (geology), Period, around 91 mya (unit), million years ago. Discovery On 13 February 2007, Akiko Shinya, preparator of the Field Museum of Natural History, east of the Ezequiel Ramos Mexía Dam, Ezequiel Ramos Mexía Reservoir at the Rancho Violante, discovered the skeleton of a theropod new to science. In 2016, the specimen was named and described by Sebastián Apesteguía, Nathan D. Smith, Rubén Juárez Valieri and Peter J. Makovicky. The generic name is derived from the ''gualichu'', a demon of local folklore. The specific name (zoology), specific name honours Shinya as the an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gasosaurus
''Gasosaurus'' () is a genus of tetanuran Theropoda, theropod that lived approximately 171.6 to 161.2 million years ago during the middle of the Jurassic Period (geology), Period. The name "''Gasosaurus''" is derived from the English "''gasoline''" and the Ancient Greek, Greek () ("lizard / generic reptile"). Only one species is currently recognised, ''G. constructus'', from which the specific name honours the gasoline company that found the Dashanpu fossil quarry in Sichuan Province, China, now named as the Lower Shaximiao Formation. Discovery and naming The first and to date only fossils, albeit postcranial (missing the skull), were recovered in 1985 during the construction of a gas facility, which explains the dinosaur's unusual name. It consists of laterally compressed teeth, 4 cervical, 7 dorsal, 5 sacral, and 7 caudal vertebrae, both humeri, and highly abraded and reconstructed pelvic and hind limb material that includes the left ilium, left ischium, left pubis, left f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chilantaisaurus
''Chilantaisaurus'' (" lizard") is a genus of large theropod dinosaur, possibly a neovenatorid or a primitive coelurosaur, from the Late Cretaceous Ulansuhai Formation of China (Turonian age, about 92 million years ago). The type species, ''C. tashuikouensis'', was described by Hu in 1964. Description ''Chilantaisaurus'' was a large theropod, measuring long and weighing . While Brusatte ''et al.'' (2010) estimated that ''Chilantaisaurus'' might have weighed about based on femur length similar to that of ''Tyrannosaurus'', Persons ''et al.'' (2020) argued that greater femoral circumference indicates the greater capacity to withstand greater locomotor loads, not greater body mass. Classification Hu considered ''Chilantaisaurus'' to be a carnosaur related to ''Allosaurus'', though some subsequent studies suggested that it may be a Spinosauroidea, spinosauroid, possibly a primitive member of the spinosaurid family (Sereno, 1998; Chure, 2000; Rauhut, 2001) because it had large cla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asiamericana
''Asiamericana'' is a dubious genus of coelurosaur known only from isolated teeth found in the Bissekty Formation of Uzbekistan. It was named to recognize the occurrence of similar fossil teeth in Central Asia and North America. These regions once formed a connected land mass, during the Cretaceous period. Discovery and naming The holotype teeth were discovered during the Uzbek-Russian-British-American-Canadian (URBAC) expedition by Lev Alexandrovich Nessov between 1974 and 1985 and were first described by Nesov (1985).L. A. Nessov. (1985). Rare bony fishes, terrestrial lizards, and mammals in the estuarine and coastal lowland zone of the Kyzyl-Kum Cretaceous. ''Yearbook of the All-Union Paleontological Association'' 28:199-219 n Russian/ref> The type species is ''A. asiatica'', which was named and described by Nesov (1995). The holotype of ''A. asiatica'' is CCMGE 460/12457, and two other teeth (ZIN PH 1110/ 16 and ZIN PH 1129/16) are also known. All three teeth are known fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
