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Coastal Reservoir
A Coastal reservoir is a type of reservoir to store fresh water in a dammed area of a coastal sea near a river delta. Saemangeum Seawall, Saemanguem in South Korea, Marina Barrage in Singapore, Qingcaosha in China, Plover Cove Reservoir, Plover Cove in Hong Kong, Zuiderzee Works and Delta Works in the Netherlands, and Thanneermukkom Bund in India are a few existing coastal reservoirs. Advantages Unlike land-based water reservoirs, there is no land submergence in the case of coastal reservoirs. They store water without disturbing land use by replacing standing salt water of the sea area by fresh water from a river. The coastal reservoir area is separated from the sea by building earth Levee, dikes, e.g. by dredging. Fresh water from these reservoirs can be used for irrigation, drinking water and industrial purposes. Sometimes the reservoirs are used for flood control and land reclamation. The social and environmental impacts of coastal reservoirs are often negligible compared to la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Plover Cove Reservoir From A Plane
Plovers ( , ) are members of a widely distributed group of wader, wading birds of subfamily Charadriinae. The term "plover" applies to all the members of the subfamily, though only about half of them include it in their name. Species list in taxonomic sequence The taxonomy of family Charadriidae is unsettled. At various times the plovers, dotterels, and lapwings of family Charadriidae have been distributed among several subfamilies, with Charadriinae including most of the species. The International Ornithological Congress (IOC) and the Clements taxonomy do not assign species to subfamilies. The South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society (AOS) includes all of the species in Charadriinae. The North American Classification Committee of the AOS and BirdLife International's ''Handbook of the Birds of the World'' separate the four members of genus ''Pluvialis'' as subfamily Pluvialinae. The IOC recognizes these 69 species of plovers, dottere ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Harbor
A harbor (American English), or harbour (Commonwealth English; see spelling differences), is a sheltered body of water where ships, boats, and barges can be moored. The term ''harbor'' is often used interchangeably with ''port'', which is a man-made facility built for loading and unloading vessels and dropping off and picking up passengers. Harbors usually include one or more ports. Alexandria Port in Egypt, meanwhile, is an example of a port with two harbors. Harbors may be natural or artificial. An artificial harbor can have deliberately constructed breakwaters, sea walls, or jetties or they can be constructed by dredging, which requires maintenance by further periodic dredging. An example of an artificial harbor is Long Beach Harbor, California, United States, which was an array of salt marshes and tidal flats too shallow for modern merchant ships before it was first dredged in the early 20th century. In contrast, a natural harbor is surrounded on several sides ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Lakes By Type
A lake is often a naturally occurring, relatively large and fixed body of water on or near the Earth's surface. It is localized in a basin or interconnected basins surrounded by dry land. Lakes lie completely on land and are separate from the ocean, although they may be connected with the ocean by rivers. Lakes, as with other bodies of water, are part of the water cycle, the processes by which water moves around the Earth. Most lakes are fresh water and account for almost all the world's surface freshwater, but some are salt lakes with salinities even higher than that of seawater. Lakes vary significantly in surface area and volume of water. Lakes are typically larger and deeper than ponds, which are also water-filled basins on land, although there are no official definitions or scientific criteria distinguishing the two. Lakes are also distinct from lagoons, which are generally shallow tidal pools dammed by sandbars or other material at coastal regions of oceans or large ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Reservoirs
A reservoir (; ) is an enlarged lake behind a dam, usually built to store fresh water, often doubling for hydroelectric power generation. Reservoirs are created by controlling a watercourse that drains an existing body of water, interrupting a watercourse to form an embayment within it, excavating, or building any number of retaining walls or levees to enclose any area to store water. Types Dammed valleys Dammed reservoirs are artificial lakes created and controlled by a dam constructed across a valley and rely on the natural topography to provide most of the basin of the reservoir. These reservoirs can either be ''on-stream reservoirs'', which are located on the original streambed of the downstream river and are filled by creeks, rivers or rainwater that runs off the surrounding forested catchments, or '' off-stream reservoirs'', which receive diverted water from a nearby stream or aqueduct or pipeline water from other on-stream reservoirs. Dams are typicall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Water Export
Water exports involve exporting freshwater from one country to another. Large increases in human population and economic growth throughout the world during the twentieth century placed a huge stress on the world’s freshwater resources. Combined with climate change, they are expected to place an even greater demand on water resources in this century. Water shortages have become an international concern, and freshwater has been described as "blue gold" and "the oil of the 21st Century." Water exports from Canada to the US Canada has 7% of the world's renewable supply of freshwater. Freshwater export between Canada and the US currently takes place at a small scale, mostly as bottled water exports. The bottled water industry exports water in containers usually no larger than twenty litres. But even that can be controversialthe multinational food giant Nestlé was accused of attempting to "drain" the town of Hillsburgh, Ontario, of its water in 2012 and 2013, during a drought. Sinc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Pollution Of The Ganges
The ongoing Water pollution, pollution of the Ganges, the largest river in India, poses a significant threat to both human health and the environment. The river Water supply and sanitation in India, supplies water to approximately 40% of demographics of India, India's population across 11 States of India, states and serves an estimated 500 million people—more than any other river in the world. The pollution of the Ganges River, India’s largest river and a vital water source for an estimated 500 million people, poses a significant threat to both human health and the environment. This severe pollution stems from a confluence of factors, primarily the disposal of untreated human sewage and animal waste from numerous cities and towns along its banks, with a large proportion of sewage remaining untreated before discharge. Industrial waste, though accounting for a smaller volume, is a major concern due to its often toxic and non-biodegradable nature, dumped untreated into the rive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Polavaram Project
The Polavaram Project is an under-construction multi-purpose irrigation project on the Godavari River in the Eluru District and East Godavari District in Andhra Pradesh, India. The project has been accorded National Project of India, National Project status by the Government of India, Central Government of India. Its reservoir back water spreads up to the Dummugudem Lift Irrigation Scheme, Dummugudem Anicut (i.e. approx back from Polavaram dam on main river side) and approx on the Sabari River side. Thus, back water spreads into parts of Chhattisgarh and Odisha States. Polavaram Hydroelectric Project (HEP) and National Waterway 4 are under construction on left side of the river. It is located upstream of Sir Arthur Cotton Barrage in Rajamahendravaram City and from Rajahmundry Airport. History In July 1941, the first conceptual proposal for the project was mooted by the Madras Presidency. Diwan Bahadur L. Venkatakrishna Iyer, then Chief Engineer in the Presidency's irrigati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
List Of Largest Unfragmented Rivers
This is a list of the largest river basins without fragmentation by dams in their catchments, ordered by average annual discharge. To qualify for inclusion, a river must not only have no dams on its “main” stem, but also no dams on any tributary. For this reason, major world rivers such as the Amazon, Lena, Irrawaddy, Amur, and Fraser are disqualified because of dams on tributary streams. Many of the rivers in this list have uncertain discharges. With the exception of those in Russia, streamgauges have seldom (if ever) been placed on the majority of the largest unfragmented river systems, due to the remoteness and/or ruggedness of the terrain in which they are located. Apart from the Fly which is clearly the largest, all ranks listed here are not perfectly certain, and there also exist a number of rivers in Sundaland that might qualify with reliable discharge data, such as the Kapuas. See also * List of longest undammed rivers References * Nilsson, Christer; Reidy, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
List Of Rivers By Discharge
file:Rivers of the world by discharge volume.png, upright=1.5, Rivers with an average discharge of 5,000 m3/s or greater, as a fraction of the estimated global total. This article lists rivers by their average discharge (hydrology), discharge measured in descending order of their water flow rate. Here, only those rivers whose discharge is more than are shown. It can be thought of as a list of the biggest rivers on Earth, measured by a specific metric. For context, the volume of an Olympic-size swimming pool#Specifications, Olympic-size swimming pool is . The average flow rate at the mouth of the Amazon is sufficient to fill more than 83 such pools each second. The estimated global total for all rivers is (43 million cu ft/s),Sybil P. Parker (1993) ''McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Environmental Science & Engineering'', p. 645. of which the Amazon would be approximately 18%. List of primary rivers by discharge The global annual Runoff (hydrology), runoff into the ocean, oceans (3 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Renewable Energy
Renewable energy (also called green energy) is energy made from renewable resource, renewable natural resources that are replenished on a human lifetime, human timescale. The most widely used renewable energy types are solar energy, wind power, and hydropower. Bioenergy and geothermal power are also significant in some countries. Some also consider Nuclear power proposed as renewable energy, nuclear power a renewable power source, although this is controversial, as nuclear energy requires mining uranium, a nonrenewable resource. Renewable energy installations can be large or small and are suited for both urban and rural areas. Renewable energy is often deployed together with further electrification. This has several benefits: electricity can heat pump, move heat and Electric vehicle, vehicles efficiently and is clean at the point of consumption. Variable renewable energy sources are those that have a fluctuating nature, such as wind power and solar power. In contrast, ''contro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Topsoil
Topsoil is the upper layer of soil. It has the highest concentration of organic matter and microorganisms and is where most of the Earth's biological soil activity occurs. Description Topsoil is composed of mineral particles and organic matter and usually extends to a depth of 5-10 inches (13–25 cm). Together these make a substrate capable of holding water and air which encourages biological activity. There are generally a high concentration of roots in topsoil since this is where plants obtain most of their vital nutrients. It also plays host to significant bacterial, fungal and entomological activity without which soil quality would degrade and become less suitable for plants. Bacteria and fungi can be essential in facilitating nutrient exchange with plants and in breaking down organic matter into a form that roots can absorb. Insects also play important roles in breaking down material and aerating and rotating the soil. Many species directly contribute to the he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Variable Renewable Energy
Variable renewable energy (VRE) or intermittent renewable energy sources (IRES) are renewable energy sources that are not dispatchable due to their fluctuating nature, such as wind power and solar power, as opposed to controllable renewable energy sources, such as dammed hydroelectricity or bioenergy, or relatively constant sources, such as geothermal power. The use of small amounts of intermittent power has little effect on grid operations. Using larger amounts of intermittent power may require upgrades or even a redesign of the grid infrastructure. Options to absorb large shares of variable energy into the grid include using storage, improved interconnection between different variable sources to smooth out supply, using dispatchable energy sources such as hydroelectricity and having overcapacity, so that sufficient energy is produced even when weather is less favourable. More connections between the energy sector and the building, transport and industrial sectors may also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
