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Cichlinae
The Cichlinae are a subfamily of fishes in the Cichlidae, cichlid family, native to Centra America, Central and South America. This subfamily consists of approximately 117 described species as of July 2017. Some authors have suggested that the Cichlinae encompasses all of the Neotropical Cichlids and found the taxon to be Monophyly, monophyletic and to be divided into seven Tribe (biology), tribes: Astronotini, Chaetobranchini, Cichlasomatini, Cichlini, Geophagini, Heroini, and Retroculini. In this system the Geophaginae plus the Chaetobranchini were recovered as the sister taxon to the clade consisting of the Heroini plus the Cichlatsomatini, these latter two being referred to as the subfamily Cichlasomatinae in some classifications, while the Monotypy, monogeneric Astronotini was a sister taxon to these four, while the Cichlini and Retroculini made up a sister clade of the other five. Tribes The following tribes make up the subfamily Cichlinae: * Cichlini * Retroculini * As ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chaetobranchini
Chaetobranchini is a tribe of the subfamily Cichlinae, the American cichlids. They are distributed from the river basin of the Orinoco and the Guianas south to the basins of the Río Paraná and Río Paraguay . The two recognised genera of the Chaetobranchini have been classified together with '' Astronotus'' in the subfamily Astronotinae but the consensus is that this genus forms the monogeneric tribe, the Astronotini, these two each being one of the seven tribes in Cichlinae. Characteristics The species in Chaetobranchini grow to lengths of in length and have an oval, laterally compressed body with a pointed head. They have small mouths and teeth, feed on plankton using filaments on their gill arches as a filter. The chaetobranchins possess a very reduced lower pharyngeal jaw which has elongated lateral processes, a keel and conical teeth. Chaetobranchines are also characterised by their long pointed pectoral fins, which extend almost to the end of the base of the anal fin a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cichlidae
Cichlids () are a large, diverse, and widespread family of percomorph fish in the family Cichlidae, order Cichliformes. At least 1,760 species have been scientifically described, making it one of the largest vertebrate families, with only the Cyprinidae being more speciose. New species are discovered annually, and many species remain undescribed. The actual number of species is therefore unknown, with estimates varying between 2,000 and 3,000. They are native to the Neotropics, Africa (including Madagascar), the Middle East, and the Indian subcontinent, although some species have been introduced worldwide. Many cichlids, particularly tilapia, are important food fishes, while others, such as the '' Cichla'' species, are valued game fish. The family also includes many popular freshwater aquarium fish kept by hobbyists, including the angelfish, oscars, and discus. Cichlids have the largest number of endangered species among vertebrate families, most in the haplochrom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geophagini
Geophagini is a Tribe (biology), tribe of cichlids from the subfamily Cichlinae, the American cichlids. It is the sister taxon to the clade which includes the Cichlasomatini and Heroini. Fishes in the Geophagini are distributed from Panama south to Argentina, it is the most speciose of the seven tribes within the Cichlinae and it is subdivided into three sub-tribes, Acarichthyina, Crenicaratina, and Geophagina which together contain over 200 species. Geophagines show morphological and behavioural specialisations to enable them to sift the substrates within their mouths so that they can separate benthic invertebrates from substrates dominated by sand or silt. Classification The Geophagini are classified as follows: * Subtribe Acarichthyina Sven O. Kullander, Kullander, 1998 ** Genus ''Acarichthys'' Carl H. Eigenmann, C. H. Eigenmann, 1912 ** Genus ''Guianacara'' Kullander & Han Nijssen, Nijssen, 1989 * Subtribe Crenicaratina Kullander, 1998 ** Genus ''Biotoecus'' C. H. Eigenmann & ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cichlasomatinae
The Cichlasomatinae are a subfamily of cichlid fishes, including all cichlids native to the Greater Antilles (Cuba and Hispaniola), United States (southern Texas), Mexico and Central America, and many of the cichlids from South America (the other South American subfamilies are Astronotinae, Cichlinae, Geophaginae, and Retroculinae). The subfamily Cichlasomatinae is often divided into two tribes: Cichlasomatini and Heroini, however some authorities classify these two tribes as part of the wider Neotropical and marginally Nearctic subfamily Cichlinae. Genera This subfamily contains about 56 genera and 260 species: * Tribe Cichlasomatini Swainson, 1839 ** '' Acaronia'' Myers, 1940 ** '' Aequidens'' C. H. Eigenmann & W. L. Bray, 1894 ** ''Andinoacara'' Musilová, Říčan & Novák, 2009 ** '' Bujurquina'' Kullander, 1986 ** ''Cichlasoma'' Swainson, 1839 ** '' Cleithracara'' Kullander & Nijssen 1989 ** '' Ivanacara'' Römer & Hahn, 2006 ** '' Krobia'' S. O. Kullander & N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Retroculini
''Retroculus'' is a genus of cichlids native to tropical South America, where three are native to rivers in southeastern Amazon Basin in Brazil, while the final is native to rivers in Amapá (Brazil) and French Guiana. It is the sole genus included in the subfamily Retroculinae, although some authorities classify this as a tribe, Retroculini, of the subfamily Cichlinae. These rheophilic cichlids are superficially similar to ''Geophagus ''Geophagus'' is a genus of cichlids that mainly live in South America as far south as Argentina and Uruguay, but a single species, ''G. crassilabris'' is from Panama.Mattos, J.L.O., Costa, W.J.E.M. & Santos, A.C.A. (2015): ''Geophagus diamantin ...''. Species Four recognized species are in this genus: * '' Retroculus acherontos'' Landim, C. L. R. Moreira & C. A. Figueiredo, 2015Landim, M.I., Moreira, C.R. & Figueiredo, C.A. (2015): ''Retroculus acherontos'', a new species of cichlid fish (Teleostei) from the Rio Tocantins basin. ''Zootaxa, 3 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heroini
Heroini is a fish tribe from the Cichlasomatinae subfamily in the family Cichlidae (cichlids). All cichlids native to the Greater Antilles, United States (southern Texas), Mexico and northern Central America are members of this tribe. It also includes most cichlid species in southern Central America (where the only non-Heroini cichlids are ''Andinoacara'' and ''Geophagus'') and several species from South America (where several other tribes exist). A large percentage of its species were formerly placed in the genus ''Cichlasoma'' (itself now placed in the tribe Cichlasomatini) but have since been moved to other genera. In other classifications, the tribe Heroini is placed in the subfamily Cichlinae. Genera , this tribe includes 46 valid genera and approximately 184 species: Genera of disputed validity * '' Kihnichthys'' (McMahan & Matamoros, 2015) – Considered by Říčan & Piálek (2016) and Azas (2020) to be a junior synonym of '' Cincelichthys''. * ''Nosferatu'' ( De la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cichlasomatini
Cichlastomatini is a tribe of cichlids from South America, one of two tribes that make up the subfamily Cichlasomatinae. They were recognised in 1983 as an assemblage by the Swedish ichthyologist Sven O. Kullander by their four rather than five 5 dentary foramina in the lateralis canal system of the head, describing them as closely related to the genus ''Cichlasoma''. Melanie Stiassny suggested that these fishes recognised as a clade by Kullander were divided into two groupings in 1991 which she termed cichlasomines and heroines, Kullander formally raised these to the tribes Cichlasomatini and Heroini of the subfamily Cichlasomatinae in 1999. In other classifications the tribe Cichlasomatini is placed in the subfamily Cichlinae. Abstract Characteristics The members of the Cichlasomatini are characterised most obviously by the possession of relatively large scales, especially shown in the arrangement of the scales in front of the dorsal fin where there are eight scales along mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astronotini
''Astronotus'' is a genus of South American fish from the family Cichlidae. There are two commonly recognized species in the genus (listed below), though genetic evidence suggests that additional species exist; several of these possibly distinct populations also have very different juvenile coloration from the two recognized species. Both of the commonly recognized species are found in the Amazon Basin, while one of two also is found in the Paraná River, Paraná and Paraguay River, Paraguay rivers. ''Astronotus'' species grow to 35 cm in size, and are Monomorphism (biology), monomorphic. They are opportunistic omnivores and consume a range of smaller fish, fruits, nuts, crustaceans, mollusks and other invertebrates in the wild. One species, the Oscar (fish), oscar (''Astronotus ocellatus''), is popular in the aquarium trade. ''A. ocellatus'' forms monogamy in animals, monogamous pairs which spawn in the open, typically on a flattened stone or in a shallow depression. The ju ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cichlini
Peacock bass or Brazilian tucunaré are large freshwater cichlids of the genus ''Cichla''. These are diurnal predatory fishes native to the Amazon and Orinoco basins, as well as rivers of the Guianas, in tropical South America. They are sometimes referred to in English by their Brazilian name ''tucunaré'' or their Spanish name ''pavon''. Despite the common name and their superficial similarity, they are not closely related to other fish known as bass, such as the North American largemouth bass (''Micropterus salmoides''). Peacock bass are important food fish and are also considered valuable game fish. This has resulted in their accidental (escapees from fish farms) or deliberate (release by fishers) introduction to regions outside their native range, both elsewhere in South America, and in warm parts of North America and Asia. Singles have been caught elsewhere, including Australia, but do not appear to have become established there. Where established as an introduced species ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teleocichla Cinderella
''Teleocichla cinderella'' is a species of cichlid endemic to Brazil where it is found in the lower Tocantins River basin. This species can reach a length of . This species is a rheophile and has an elongated body shape and underdeveloped swimbladder. The species superficially resembles some species of goby or gudgeon A gudgeon is a socket-like, cylindrical (i.e., ''female'') fitting attached to one component to enable a pivoting or hinging connection to a second component. The second component carries a pintle fitting, the male counterpart to the gudgeon, .... References Geophagini Fish of the Tocantins River basin Cichlid fish of Brazil Endemic fish of Brazil Fish described in 1988 Taxa named by Sven O. Kullander {{Cichlinae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cichla Temensis
''Cichla temensis'', the speckled peacock bass, painted pavon, royal pavon, speckled pavon, three-barred peacock bass, or striped tucunare, is a very large South American cichlid. Reaching nearly in length, it is the largest cichlid of the Americas, and one of the largest extant cichlids in the world. It is an important predator in its native waterways, as well as a prized food fish and game fish, which has led to a number of attempted introductions outside of its native range. Description ''C. temensis'' resembles other peacock bass species, but is generally more elongate and slender in body shape. It is one of the largest cichlids in the world, reaching a maximum recorded length of and in weight, with only the African giant cichlid (''Boulengerochromis microlepis'') possibly reaching similar proportions. ''C. temensis'' is characterized by possessing a post-orbital band (the dark marking between the eye and the opening of the gills), as opposed to other ''Cichla'' species ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
