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Cariye
Cariye (, " Jariya") was a title and term used for category of enslaved women concubines in the Islamic world of the Middle East.Junius P. Rodriguez: Slavery in the Modern World: A History of Political, Social, and Economic' They are particularly known in history from the era of Ottoman Empire, where they existed until the early 20th century, when the Ottoman Imperial Harem was closed. History General meaning The general meaning of the term was a woman enslaved during warfare. This remained the formal definition of the term in the Islamic world. The rights of the enslaved woman was regulated within Islamic law. In Islamic law, the enslavement of a woman was the only case in which concubinage was legally permitted. A woman taken as a concubine had to obey her male owner as she would a husband.Madeline Zilfi: Women and Slavery in the Late Ottoman Empire: The Design of Difference' However, the children, male or female, of a ''cariye'' concubine and her master were born legally ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Imperial Harem
The Imperial Harem () of the Ottoman Empire was the Ottoman sultan's harem – composed of the concubines, wives, servants (both female slaves and eunuchs), female relatives and the sultan's concubines – occupying a secluded portion (seraglio) of the Ottoman imperial household. This institution played an important social function within the Ottoman court, and wielded considerable political authority in Ottoman affairs, especially during the long period known as the Sultanate of Women (approximately 1534 to 1683). Historians claim that the sultan was frequently lobbied by harem members of different ethnic or religious backgrounds to influence the geography of the Ottoman wars of conquest. The utmost authority in the imperial harem, the valide sultan, ruled over the other women in the household. The consorts of the sultan were normally of slave origin, including the valide sultan. The Kizlar Agha (, also known as the "Chief Black Eunuch" because of the Nilotic origin of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lady-in-waiting
A lady-in-waiting (alternatively written lady in waiting) or court lady is a female personal assistant at a Royal court, court, attending on a royal woman or a high-ranking nobility, noblewoman. Historically, in Europe, a lady-in-waiting was often a noblewoman but of lower rank than the woman to whom she attended. Although she may either have received a Retainer agreement, retainer or may not have received compensation for the service she rendered, a lady-in-waiting was considered more of a personal assistant, secretary, courtier, or Lady's companion, companion to her Mistress (form of address), mistress than a domestic worker, servant. In some other parts of the world, the lady-in-waiting, often referred to as ''palace woman'', was in practice a servant or a slave rather than a high-ranking woman, but still had about the same tasks, functioning as companion and secretary to her mistress. In courts where polygamy was practiced, a court lady might have been formally available to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ikbal (title)
Ikbal () was the title given to the imperial consort of the sultan of the Ottoman Empire, who came below the rank of ''kadın''. Etymology The word () is an Arabic word, which means good fortune, or lucky. Historians have translated it either 'fortunate one' or 'favorite'. Ranks and titles An was a titled consort, and recognised as such by the sultan. The number of s varied. They were ranked as ('senior , senior favourite, senior fortunate one'), ('second , second favourite, second fortunate one'), ('third , third favourite, third fortunate one'), ('fourth , fourth favourite, fourth fortunate one'), and so on, according to the order in which they had caught the sultan's eye, and elevated to that position. The s usually held the prefix titles of ('honest, virtuous'), and ('the virtuous'), and the suffix titles of , , and . Status Eighteenth century The rank first appeared toward the end of the seventeenth century, during the reign of Sultan Mustafa II (reigned 1695 � ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Concubinage In The Muslim World
Concubinage in the Muslim world was the practice of Muslim men entering into intimate relationships without marriage, with enslaved women, though in rare, exceptional cases, sometimes with free women. It was a common practice in the Ancient Near East for the owners of slaves to have intimate relations with individuals considered their property, and History of the Mediterranean region, Mediterranean societies, and had persisted among the three major Abrahamic religions, with distinct legal differences, since antiquity. Islamic law has traditionalist and modern interpretations, with the former historically allowing men to have sexual relations with their female slaves, while affording female slaves a variety of different rights and privileges in different periods. An example is the status of ''umm al-walad'', which could be conveyed to a concubine who gave birth to a child whose paternity was acknowledged by her owner. In certain times and places, this status prevented a concubi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slavery In The Ottoman Empire
Chattel slavery was a major institution and a significant part of the Ottoman Empire's economy and traditional society. The main sources of slaves were wars and politically organized enslavement expeditions in the Caucasus, Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, Central Europe, Southeast Europe, the Western Mediterranean and Africa. It has been reported that the selling price of slaves decreased after large military operations.Spyropoulos Yannis, Slaves and freedmen in 17th- and early 18th-century Ottoman Crete, ''Turcica'', 46, 2015, p. 181, 182. In Constantinople (present-day Istanbul), the administrative and political center of the Ottoman Empire, about a fifth of the 16th- and 17th-century population consisted of slaves. The number of slaves imported to the Ottoman Empire from various geographic sources in the early modern period remains inadequately quantified. The Ottoman historians Halil İnalcık and Dariusz Kołodziejczyk have tentatively estimated that 2 million enslave ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Court
Ottoman court was the culture that evolved around the court of the Ottoman Empire. Ottoman court was held at the Topkapı Palace in Constantinople where the sultan was served by an army of pages and scholars. Some served in the treasury and the armoury, maintaining the sultan's treasures and weapons. There was also a branch of servants that were said to serve the chamber of campaign, i.e. they accompanied the sultan and his court while on campaign. The best of the pages were chosen to serve the sultan in person. One was responsible for the sultan's clothing, one served him with drinks, one carried his weaponry, one helped him mount his horse, one was responsible for making his turban and a barber shaved the sultan every day. At the palace served also a great number of stewards who carried food, water and wood throughout the palace and lit the fireplaces and braziers. Doorkeepers (''Kapıcı'') numbered several hundreds and were responsible for opening the doors throughout the en ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Ottoman Titles And Appellations
This is a list of titles and appellations used in the Ottoman Empire. In place of surnames, Muslims in the Empire carried titles such as "Sultan", "Paşa", "Agha (title), Ağa", "Hoca", "Bey", "Mrs.#Non-English equivalents, Hanım", "Efendi", etc. These titles either defined their formal profession (such as Pasha, Hoca, etc.) or their informal status within the society (such as Bey, Agha, Hanım, Efendi, etc.). Later, family surnames were made mandatory in Turkey by the 1934 Surname Law. Usage by Ottoman royalty The sovereigns' main titles were Sultan, Padishah (Emperor) and Khan (title), Khan; which were of various origins such as Arabic, Persian language, Persian and Turkish language, Turkish or Mongolian language, Mongolian, respectively. His full style was the result of a long historical accumulation of titles expressing the empire's rights and claims as successor to the various states it annexed or subdued. Beside these imperial titles, Caesar (title), Caesar of Rome was amon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jariya
Jarya or jariya (; ), also jawari (), was a term often used for female slaves in the medieval Islamic world. In a courtly context, they could be " slaves for pleasure" (muṭʿa, ladhdha) or “slaves for sexual intercourse” (jawārī al-waṭ), who had received special training in artistic skills. In contrast to the Qiyan, however, they normally did not perform for men other than the man in whose harem they were placed. History The slave category of the jarya—similar to the qiyan—rose to fame during the Abbasid Caliphate era, possibly because free Arab women became more and more secluded from society during this time period. They were acquired by purchase or captured as war booty. The term were applied to such enslaved women who, by instruction or self-education, acquired a great knowledge of artistic skills and intellectual knowledge by which they could entertain a man, rather than by sexuality and physical beauty. They could study issues from music and poetry to religio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kadın (title)
Kadın () was the title given to the imperial consort of the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire towards the beginning of the seventeenth century. The title came into official usage at the end of the century, and remained in usage until the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Ranks and titles A was a titled consort, and recognised as such by the Sultan. The sultans usually had four s, although they might have more over a lifetime, because from time to time, one would die or be retired to the Old Palace, or were divorced. They were ranked as (senior , senior consort), (second , second consort), (third , third consort), (fourth , fourth consort), and so on, in order of their elevation to that position. The s usually held the prefix titles of ('illustrious', 'highness'), ('the virtuous'), ('honest', 'virtuous'), ('prosperous', 'felicitous'), and ('gracious'), and the suffix titles of ('her ladyship'), and ('highness'). Status and promotion The s were chosen from among the s. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
White Slave Trade
White slavery (also white slave trade or white slave trafficking) refers to the enslavement of any of the world's European ethnic groups throughout human history, whether perpetrated by non-Europeans or by other Europeans. Slavery in ancient Rome was frequently dependent on a person's socio-economic status and national affiliation, and thus included European slaves. It was also common for European people to be enslaved and traded in the Muslim world; European women, in particular, were highly sought-after to be concubines in the harems of many Muslim rulers. Examples of such slavery conducted in Islamic empires include the Trans-Saharan slave trade, the Barbary slave trade, the Ottoman slave trade, and the Black Sea slave trade, among others. Many different types of white people were enslaved. On the European continent under feudalism, there were various forms of status applying to people (such as serf, bordar, villein, vagabond, and slave) who were indentured or forced to la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Odalisque (Boston Public Library)
An odalisque (, ) was an enslaved maid, chambermaid or a female house slave attendant in a Turkish seraglio, particularly the court ladies in the household of the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman sultan. In western European usage, the term came to mean the harem concubine, and refers to the eroticized artistic genre in which a woman is represented mostly or completely nude in a reclining position, often in the setting of a harem. It was part of a fascination with Orientalism, particularly in Great Britain and France. Etymology The word "odalisque" is French in form and originates from the Turkish language, Turkish ''odalık'', meaning "maid, chambermaid", from ''oda'', "chamber" or "room". It can also be transliterated ''odahlic'', ''odalisk'', and ''odaliq''. Joan DelPlato has described the term's shift in meaning from Turkish to English and French: Origin as the Turkish ''odalık'' An ''odalik'' was a (slave) maid who tended to the harem, but she could eventually become a Concu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haseki Sultan
Haseki Sultan (, ''Ḫāṣekī Sulṭān'' ) was the title used for the chief consort of an Ottoman sultan. In later years, the meaning of the title changed to "imperial consort". Hurrem Sultan, principal consort and legal wife of Suleiman the Magnificent, was the first holder of this title. The title lost its exclusivity under Ibrahim I, who bestowed it upon eight women simultaneously. The title haseki sultan was used until the 17th century. After that, '' kadınefendi'' became the highest ranking title for imperial consorts, although this title was not as prestigious as haseki sultan. Term The word ''haseki'' (خاصکي-خاصگی) comes from the Arabic word ''Khassa'' (خاصه) which is suffixed with the Persian ''gi'' (گی) and means "to attribute something exclusively to". ''Haseki'' is, therefore, one who belongs exclusively to the sultan. Sultan (سلطان) is an Arabic word, that indicates "authority" or "dominion". starting from the 16th century, this title was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
