Kadın (title)
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Kadın () was the title given to the imperial consort of the
Sultan Sultan (; ', ) is a position with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", derived from the verbal noun ', meaning "authority" or "power". Later, it came to be use ...
of the
Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...
towards the beginning of the seventeenth century. The title came into official usage at the end of the century, and remained in usage until the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.


Ranks and titles

A was a titled consort, and recognised as such by the Sultan. The sultans usually had four s, although they might have more over a lifetime, because from time to time, one would die or be retired to the Old Palace, or were divorced. They were ranked as (senior , senior consort), (second , second consort), (third , third consort), (fourth , fourth consort), and so on, in order of their elevation to that position. The s usually held the prefix titles of ('illustrious', 'highness'), ('the virtuous'), ('honest', 'virtuous'), ('prosperous', 'felicitous'), and ('gracious'), and the suffix titles of ('her ladyship'), and ('highness').


Status and promotion

The s were chosen from among the s. They had their own apartments within the harem, or sometimes isolated kiosks. In the nineteenth century, they had two rooms on the second floor of the palace, one facing the Bosphorus Straits, and serving as a salon, and the other facing the palace gardens, and serving as a bedroom. They had their personal servants. Each had her 'night turn' (). Sometimes she was invited to dine with the sultan, and when this happened in the early years of the Ottoman dynasty, she used to sit at a separate table. The sultans came to visit a , namely, if she was sick, or if she had children. The s were not permitted to receive outside visitors or to leave the palace except to accompany the sultan to another of his abodes. When they left
Topkapı Palace The Topkapı Palace (; ), or the Seraglio, is a large museum and library in the east of the Fatih List of districts of Istanbul, district of Istanbul in Turkey. From the 1460s to the completion of Dolmabahçe Palace in 1856, it served as the ad ...
for one of the other places, the utmost care was taken to prevent them from being seen. They left the palace before sunrise, were driven through the palace grounds in curtained carriages, and covered with shawls. A long line of imperial carriages would be formed according to protocol. They embarked from Yalı Köşkü in boats where they were seated in enclosures. The whole convoy was closely guard by other boats. The s were allowed to join Friday mosque processions if they wished. Each received an allowance from the state according to her rank. In the eighteenth century the senior was given ten (piasters), or 5,000 , while the other s were allocated allowance according to their ranks. In the nineteenth century it was 20,000 . The s were subjected to the same law of inheritance as the other women in the harem. However, they were usually buried in places of honour. In the nineteenth century, if a died, the laying out of the corpse and the wrapping in the winding sheet took place at the Topkapı Palace. The cloths and sashes laid over them were there. The s received two sashes. If the ''
valide sultan Valide Sultan (, lit. "Sultana mother") was the title held by the mother of a ruling sultan of the Ottoman Empire. The Ottomans first formally used the title in the 16th century as an epithet of Hafsa Sultan (died 1534), mother of Sultan Suleima ...
'' were deceased, authority over the harem devolved to the senior , a position appointed by the monarch for life. Upon the death of a , each that ranked below her advanced one step in rank. The s, who ranked below the s, could only take the position of the s if one of them died, or was divorced. If a vacancy arose among the s, the senior was moved up to status. Upon the death of a sultan, any of his s who had not borne a child, or who had born a child who had died, was married to a statesman. The others retired to the Old Palace.


List of senior consorts


See also

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List of Ottoman titles and appellations This is a list of titles and appellations used in the Ottoman Empire. In place of surnames, Muslims in the Empire carried titles such as "Sultan", "Paşa", "Agha (title), Ağa", "Hoca", "Bey", "Mrs.#Non-English equivalents, Hanım", "Efendi", etc. ...
*
Hatun Khatun ( ) is a title of the female counterpart to a khan or a khagan of the Turkic Khaganates and in the subsequent Mongol Empire. Etymology and history Before the advent of Islam in Central Asia, Khatun was the title of the queen of Bukhara. ...
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Haseki Sultan Haseki Sultan (, ''Ḫāṣekī Sulṭān'' ) was the title used for the chief consort of an Ottoman sultan. In later years, the meaning of the title changed to "imperial consort". Hurrem Sultan, principal consort and legal wife of Suleiman the ...
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Ikbal (title) Ikbal () was the title given to the imperial consort of the sultan of the Ottoman Empire, who came below the rank of ''kadın''. Etymology The word  () is an Arabic word, which means good fortune, or lucky. Historians have translated it either ...
*
Valide Sultan Valide Sultan (, lit. "Sultana mother") was the title held by the mother of a ruling sultan of the Ottoman Empire. The Ottomans first formally used the title in the 16th century as an epithet of Hafsa Sultan (died 1534), mother of Sultan Suleima ...
*
Cariye Cariye (, " Jariya") was a title and term used for category of enslaved women concubines in the Islamic world of the Middle East.Junius P. Rodriguez: Slavery in the Modern World: A History of Political, Social, and Economic' They are particular ...


References


Sources

* * * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Kadin (title) Ottoman titles Concubinage Concubines from the Ottoman Empire Slave concubines