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Burnetiamorphs
Burnetiamorpha is a clade of biarmosuchian therapsids. Burnetiamorphs are the most derived biarmosuchians. The name Burnetiamorpha has been in use since South African paleontologist Robert Broom erected the group in 1923, but it has recently been put to use in phylogenetic classification as a clade including Burnetiidae and its closest relatives, including '' Lemurosaurus'', ''Lophorhinus'', and '' Lobalopex''. Phylogeny Below is a cladogram A cladogram (from Greek language, Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. A cladogram is not, however, an Phylogenetic tree, evolutionary tree because it does not s ... modified from Sidor and Smith (2007) showing the phylogenetic position of Burnetiamorpha among biarmosuchians: References Guadalupian first appearances Lopingian extinctions Taxa named by Robert Broom {{paleo-Therapsid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Biarmosuchia
Biarmosuchia is an extinct clade of non-mammalian synapsids from the Permian. Biarmosuchians are the most basal group of the therapsids. They were moderately-sized, lightly built carnivores, intermediate in form between basal sphenacodont " pelycosaurs" and more advanced therapsids. Biarmosuchians were rare components of Permian ecosystems, and the majority of species belong to the clade Burnetiamorpha, which are characterized by elaborate cranial ornamentation. Characteristics The biarmosuchian skull is very similar to the sphenacodontid skull, differing only in the larger temporal fenestra (although these are still small relative to later therapsids), slightly backward-sloping occiput (the reverse of the pelycosaur condition), reduced number of teeth, and single large canine teeth in both upper and lower jaws, and other features (Carroll 1988 pp. 370, Benton 2000 p. 114). In later specialised Biarmosuchia, these resemble the enlarged canines of the Gorgonopsia. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Pachydectes
''Pachydectes'' is an extinct genus of biarmosuchian therapsids from the Middle Permian of South Africa known from a single skull. The etymology of the name ''Pachydectes'' is derived from the Greek word ''pakhus,'' meaning "thick" or "thickened", and ''dektes,'' meaning "biter". In conjunction this name is representative of the unique pachyostotic bone present above the maxillary canine tooth found in the skull of the specimen. There is only one known species within the genus, ''Pachydectes elsi'' which is named in honor of the person who discovered the fossil. The holotype and only known specimen was found just above the Ecca-Beaufort contact in the eastern Karoo basin, which was a fluvial depositional environment. As a member of the clade Biarmosuchia, ''Pachydectes'' retains many basal therapsid features, though with unique specializations one of which is the presence of adornments on the skull with horn-like protuberances. Also as a member of this clade Pachydectes is tho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Burnetiamorpha
Burnetiamorpha is a clade of biarmosuchian therapsids. Burnetiamorphs are the most derived biarmosuchians. The name Burnetiamorpha has been in use since South African paleontologist Robert Broom erected the group in 1923, but it has recently been put to use in phylogenetic classification as a clade including Burnetiidae and its closest relatives, including '' Lemurosaurus'', '' Lophorhinus'', and '' Lobalopex''. Phylogeny Below is a cladogram A cladogram (from Greek language, Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. A cladogram is not, however, an Phylogenetic tree, evolutionary tree because it does not s ... modified from Sidor and Smith (2007) showing the phylogenetic position of Burnetiamorpha among biarmosuchians: References Guadalupian first appearances Lopingian extinctions Taxa named by Robert Broom {{paleo-Therapsid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Burnetia
''Burnetia'' is an extinct genus of biarmosuchian therapsids in the family Burnetiidae, from the Late Permian of South Africa. ''Burnetia'' is known so far from a single holotype skull lacking the lower jaws described by South African paleontologist Robert Broom in 1923. Due to erosion and dorsoventral crushing, features of the skull are hard to interpret. Stutural lines are further distorted by the unusual shape of the skull roof, including many bosses and protuberances. Description When broadly looking at the skull, there are well-developed "cheeks", bosses and pits that resemble Pareiasaurians'. However, the small temporal fossa distinguishes it from the Cotylosaur. The overall shape resembles a triangle. In the nasals, there is a bulging expansion of bone. Unlike proburnetia's median nasal bridge being long, narrow and raised, ''Burnetia'' is splindle-shaped. The median nasal boss is spindle-shaped. The snout is wide and blunt. The large preorbital pits on the lachrymal ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Paraburnetia
''Paraburnetia'' is an extinct genus of biarmosuchian therapsids from the Late Permian of South Africa. It is known for its species ''P. sneeubergensis'' and belongs to the family Burnetiidae. ''Paraburnetia'' lived just before the Permian–Triassic extinction event, Permian–Triassic mass extinction event. The etymology of ''Paraburnetia sneeubergensis'' comes from ''para'', meaning beside or near; ''Burnetia'' indicating the first named member of the clade; and ''sneeubergensis'' for the location the Sneeuberge mountains above where the specimen was found. ''P. sneeubergensis'' is known by its knobby skull, which is a shared synapomorphy with ''B. mirabilis'' and ''P. viatkensis'' They are synapsids, from which, their clade of therapsids is derived from.Rubidge, B., & Sidor, C. (2001). Evolutionary patterns among Permo-Triassic therapsids. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 32, 449. Descending from one of the first therapsids, biarmosuchus, ''Paraburnetia'' evolved pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Biarmosuchian
Biarmosuchia is an extinct clade of non-mammalian synapsids from the Permian. Biarmosuchians are the most basal group of the therapsids. They were moderately-sized, lightly built carnivores, intermediate in form between basal sphenacodont "pelycosaurs" and more advanced therapsids. Biarmosuchians were rare components of Permian ecosystems, and the majority of species belong to the clade Burnetiamorpha, which are characterized by elaborate cranial ornamentation. Characteristics The biarmosuchian skull is very similar to the sphenacodontid skull, differing only in the larger temporal fenestra (although these are still small relative to later therapsids), slightly backward-sloping occiput (the reverse of the pelycosaur condition), reduced number of teeth, and single large canine teeth in both upper and lower jaws, and other features (Carroll 1988 pp. 370, Benton 2000 p. 114). In later specialised Biarmosuchia, these resemble the enlarged canines of the Gorgonopsia. The pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Middle Permian
The Guadalupian is the second and middle series/epoch of the Permian. The Guadalupian was preceded by the Cisuralian and followed by the Lopingian. It is named after the Guadalupe Mountains of New Mexico and Texas, and dates between 272.95 ± 0.5 – 259.1 ± 0.4 Mya. The series saw the rise of the therapsids, a minor extinction event called Olson's Extinction and a significant mass extinction called the end-Capitanian extinction event. The Guadalupian is also known as the Middle Permian. Name and background The Guadalupian is the second and middle series or epoch of the Permian. Previously called Middle Permian, the name of this epoch is part of a revision of Permian stratigraphy for standard global correlation. The name "Guadalupian" was first proposed in the early 1900s, and approved by the International Subcommission on Permian Stratigraphy in 1996. References to the Middle Permian still exist. The Guadalupian was preceded by the Cisuralian and followed by the Lopingian. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Guadalupian First Appearances
The Guadalupian is the second and middle series/epoch of the Permian. The Guadalupian was preceded by the Cisuralian and followed by the Lopingian. It is named after the Guadalupe Mountains of New Mexico and Texas, and dates between 272.95 ± 0.5 – 259.1 ± 0.4 Mya. The series saw the rise of the therapsids, a minor extinction event called Olson's Extinction and a significant mass extinction called the end-Capitanian extinction event. The Guadalupian is also known as the Middle Permian. Name and background The Guadalupian is the second and middle series or epoch of the Permian. Previously called Middle Permian, the name of this epoch is part of a revision of Permian stratigraphy for standard global correlation. The name "Guadalupian" was first proposed in the early 1900s, and approved by the International Subcommission on Permian Stratigraphy in 1996. References to the Middle Permian still exist. The Guadalupian was preceded by the Cisuralian and followed by the Lopingian. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Niuksenitia
''Niuksenitia'' is an extinct genus of biarmosuchian therapsids from the Late Permian of Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders .... It is only known from a partial skull including part of the posterior half of the skull and the palate. Because so little of it is known, it is difficult to determine the closest relatives of this species. References Burnetiamorpha Prehistoric therapsid genera Lopingian synapsids of Europe Permian Russia Fossils of Russia Fossil taxa described in 1977 Taxa named by Leonid Petrovich Tatarinov {{paleo-therapsid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Proburnetia
''Proburnetia'' is an extinct genus of biarmosuchian therapsids in the family Burnetiidae, from the Late Permian of Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders .... It had bizarre bumps and protrusions on its skull. ''Proburnetia'' had a 20 cm skull, and a total length up to 1.5 m. References Burnetiamorpha Prehistoric therapsid genera Lopingian synapsids of Europe Permian Russia Fossils of Russia Fossil taxa described in 1968 Taxa named by Leonid Petrovich Tatarinov {{paleo-therapsid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Ictidorhinus
''Ictidorhinus'' is an extinct genus of biarmosuchian therapsids. Fossils have been found from the ''Dicynodon'' Assemblage Zone of the Beaufort Group in the Karoo Basin, South Africa and are of Late Permian age. It had a short snout and proportionally large orbits. These characteristics may be representative of a juvenile animal, possibly of '' Lycaenodon''. However, these two genera are not known to have existed at the same time, making it unlikely for ''Ictidorhinus'' material to be from a juvenile form of ''Lycaenodon''. Sidor, C. A. and Rubidge, B. S. (2006). ''Herpetoskylax hopsoni'', a new biarmosuchian (Therapsida: Biarmosuchia) from the Beaufort Group in South Africa. ''In:'' Matthew T. Carrano, Timothy J. Gaudin, Richard W. Blob and John R. Wible, eds., ''Amniote Paeobiology''. Chicago. University of Chicago Press. pp. 96. ''Ictidorhinus'' is the best-known representative of the family Ictidorhinidae, named by South African paleontologist Robert Broom in 1932. Many b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Herpetoskylax
''Herpetoskylax'' is an extinct genus of biarmosuchian therapsids which existed in South Africa. The type species is ''Herpetoskylax hopsoni''.Sidor, C.A., and Rubidge, B.S. (2006). "''Herpetoskylax hopsoni'', a new biarmosuchian (Therapsida: Biarmosuchia) from the Beaufort Group of South Africa" In: Amniote Paleobiology, perspectives on the Evolution of mammals, birds and reptiles, edited by Carrano, M.T., Gaudin, T.J., Blob, R.W., and Wible, J.R. Chicago University Press, p. 76-113 It lived in the Late Permian Period. The genus name means ‘reptile-puppy’, from the Ancient Greek ' (, ‘creeping animal’) and ' (, ‘young dog’). The juxtaposition of reptilian and mammalian names highlights the transitional characters of non-mammalian therapsids. The type specimen is CGP 1/67, a skull. The skull and lower jaw were the only components found. Description Skull The skull of ''Herpetoskylax'' is noted to have been preserved unusually well in regards to other biarmosuchia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
