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Bioherm
A reef knoll is a landform that comprises an immense pile of calcareous material that had previously accumulated on an ancient sea floor. Reef knolls are geological remnants of reefs and other organic concentrations of calcareous organisms. Reef knolls are often fossil-rich, with prehistoric corals, sponges, calcareous algae, and other reef-builders contributing to a large portion of the structure's volume. This density of skeletal material allows the structure to withstand sea currents and stand freely. Reef knolls can be divided into bioherms and biostromes. A bioherm is a landform of organic sedimentary rock enclosed or surrounded by rock of different origin. A biostrome is a distinctly bedded or broadly lenticular sedimentary rock landform. Krumbein additionally used these terms to distinguish different shapes of stromatolites: "Distinctly bedded, widely extensive, blanketlike build-ups are biostromes. Nodular, biscuit-like, dome-shaped or columnar stromatolites are also referre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stromatolite
Stromatolites ( ) or stromatoliths () are layered Sedimentary rock, sedimentary formation of rocks, formations (microbialite) that are created mainly by Photosynthesis, photosynthetic microorganisms such as cyanobacteria, sulfate-reducing microorganism, sulfate-reducing bacteria, and Pseudomonadota (formerly proteobacteria). These microorganisms produce adhesive compounds that cementation (geology), cement sand and other rocky materials to form mineral "microbial mats". In turn, these mats build up layer by layer, growing gradually over time. This process generates the characteristic Lamination (geology), lamination of stromatolites, a feature that is hard to interpret, in terms of its temporal and environmental significance. Different styles of stromatolite lamination have been described, which can be studied through microscopic and mathematical methods. A stromatolite may grow to a meter or more. Fossilized stromatolites provide important records of some of the most ancient ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Waulsortian Mudmound
A Waulsortian mudmound is a calcareous geographical feature found in Early Carboniferous strata of Central Europe. It is a type of fossil-rich bioconstruction, formed by microbial activity in deep tropical waters during the mid-Dinantian (late Tournaisian to early Viséan geological age). Mud mounds are a type of high-relief biologically-mediated seafloor deposit, similar to a reef. Unlike a true reef, a mud mound is composed almost entirely of uncemented mud-sized matrix grains, and the isolated fossils do not form a significant skeletal framework. Waulsortian mudmounds in particular are unbedded, micritic limestone, heavily jointed with calcite veining. There is some galena and sphalerite mineralisation in the joints. The fossils are mainly crinoid ossicles and fenestellid bryozoans, together with gastropods and brachiopods. The term Waulsortian was first used in 1863 to describe an area of limestone near Waulsort in Namur, Belgium. Similar mudstone was recognised in the Clith ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Limestone
Limestone is a type of carbonate rock, carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material Lime (material), lime. It is composed mostly of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different Polymorphism (materials science), crystal forms of calcium carbonate . Limestone forms when these minerals Precipitation (chemistry), precipitate out of water containing dissolved calcium. This can take place through both biological and nonbiological processes, though biological processes, such as the accumulation of corals and shells in the sea, have likely been more important for the last 540 million years. Limestone often contains fossils which provide scientists with information on ancient environments and on the evolution of life. About 20% to 25% of sedimentary rock is carbonate rock, and most of this is limestone. The remaining carbonate rock is mostly Dolomite (rock), dolomite, a closely related rock, which contains a high percentage of the mineral Dolomite (mine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parkhouse Hill
Parkhouse Hill is a small but distinctive hill in the Peak District National Park of the Hartington Middle Quarter civil parish, in the English county of Derbyshire. It lies on the north side of the River Dove, close to the border with Staffordshire. Geologically, the hill is the remains of an atoll (a 'reef knoll') which is believed to have existed during the Carboniferous period when what is now the Peak District was covered by a tropical sea. Together with its higher but less distinctive neighbour, Chrome Hill, it forms the Chrome and Parkhouse Hills SSSI, cited for their geology and limestone flora. The walk over Chrome Hill and Parkhouse Hill is known as the Dragon's Back ridge. For many years access to Parkhouse Hill was difficult, as there was no right of way to the summit. Access is now possible under the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000, as the hill is a designated access area. A double sunset can sometimes be seen against Parkhouse Hill from nearby Glutton Gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clitheroe
Clitheroe () is a town and civil parishes in England, civil parish in the Ribble Valley, Borough of Ribble Valley, Lancashire, England; it is located north-west of Manchester. It is near the Forest of Bowland and is often used as a base for tourists visiting the area. In 2018, the Clitheroe built-up area had an estimated population of 16,279. The town was listed in the 2017 ''The Sunday Times'' report on the best places to live in Northern England, while the wider Ribble Valley, of which Clitheroe is the most populous settlement, was listed in the 2018 and 2024 ''Sunday Times'' report on the best places to live. Clitheroe and the wider Ribble Valley have also been listed as healthiest and happiest place to live in the United Kingdom. The town's most notable building is Clitheroe Castle, which is said to be one of the smallest Norman architecture, Norman keeps in Great Britain. Several manufacturing companies have sites here, including Dugdale Nutrition, Hanson Cement, Johnson ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Downham, Lancashire
Downham is a village and civil parish in Lancashire, England. It is in the Ribble Valley district and at the United Kingdom 2001 census had a population of 156. The 2011 Census includes neighbouring Twiston giving a total for both parishes of 214. The village is on the north side of Pendle Hill off the A59 road about from Clitheroe. Much of the parish, including the village is part of the Forest of Bowland Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB). It adjoins the Ribble Valley parishes of Rimington, Twiston, Worston, Chatburn and Sawley, and the Pendle parish of Barley-with-Wheatley Booth. History The manor was originally granted to the de Dinelay family in the fourteenth century by Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster. It ceased to be a part of the Honour of Clitheroe in 1558 when it was purchased by the Assheton family. It still remains in Assheton ownership today but was reincorporated into the Honour of Clitheroe in 1945 when Ralph Assheton, later 1st B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Worston
Worston is a small linear village and civil parish in Lancashire, England. The village is north-west of Pendle Hill, east of Clitheroe, and is in the Ribble Valley district. As it is only a small village, with a population of 76 at the 2001 census, it has no parish council, but instead has a parish meeting. The parish meeting is shared with Mearley. From the 2011 Census population information for both Mearley and Worston is included within the civil parish of Pendleton. The village has a public house "The Calf's Head". The single road that passes through the village continues as a single track road to Downham. Worston is bypassed to the west by the A59 road, which passes through the edge of the parish. Slightly further north is the route of a Roman road, which forms part of the parish boundary. Worston was once a township in the ancient parish of Whalley. This became a civil parish in 1866, forming part of the Clitheroe Rural District from 1894 till 1974. Along with Wisw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Settle, North Yorkshire
Settle is a market town and civil parishes in England, civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. Historic counties of England, Historically in the West Riding of Yorkshire, the town had a population of 2,421 in the 2001 United Kingdom census, 2001 census, increasing to 2,564 at the 2011 United Kingdom census, 2011 census. History Settle is thought to have 7th-century Angles (tribe), Anglian origins, its name being the Angle word for settlement. Craven in the Domesday Book#The Land of Roger de Poitou in Yorkshire, Domesday Book folio 332, Craven in the ''Domesday Book'' shows that until 1066 Bo was the lord of Settle but after the Harrying of the North (1069–1071) the land was granted to Roger de Poitou. In 1250, a market charter was granted to House of Percy#Prominent members, Henry de Percy, 7th feudal baron of Topcliffe by Henry III of England, Henry III. A market square developed and the main route through the medieval town was aligned on an east–west direction, from Albe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malham
Malham is a village and civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England. In the ''Domesday Book'', the name is given as Malgun, meaning "settlement by the gravelly places". Until 1974 it was part of the Settle Rural District, in the historic West Riding of Yorkshire. From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the district of Craven, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council. In 2001 the parish had a population of approximately 150. Malham parish increased in size geographically (to include Malham Moor) and so at the 2011 Census had a population of 238. Malham lies at the upper end of the valley of the River Aire, known above Airton as Malhamdale, in the Yorkshire Dales. The surrounding countryside is well known for its limestone pavements and other examples of limestone scenery. Tourist attractions include Malham Tarn, Malham Cove, Gordale Scar, Janet's Foss and the Dry Valley. In the 1950s the village gave its name to a Ham class minesweeper, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thorpe, North Yorkshire
Thorpe is a hamlet and civil parish in Wharfedale, North Yorkshire, England. It is south of Grassington and north of Skipton. At the 2011 census the population remained less than 100, so the details were included in the civil parish of Burnsall. However in 2015, North Yorkshire County Council estimated the population to be 50. History Thorpe is mentioned in the Domesday Book as belonging to Osborn of Arques. The name derives from the Old Norse of ''þorp'', which means "outlying farmstead". It was sometimes referred to as ''Thorpe Subtus Montem'', and ''Thorpe-sub-Montem''. The hamlet is secluded and surrounded by reef knolls, especially Elbolton Hill to the west, and Kail Hill to the east. All of these form part of the Cracoe Reef Knolls SSSI. This seclusion apparently meant that Thorpe remained unaffected by Scottish raiders, and was the place that local people went to in order to escape troops engaged in the English Civil War. These areas also have an extensive field sy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Craven Fault System
The Craven Fault System is the name applied by geologists to the group of crust (geology), crustal fault (geology), faults in the Pennines that form the southern edge of the Askrigg Block and which partly bounds the Craven Basin. Sections of the system's component faults which include the North, Middle and South Craven faults and the Feizor FaultBritish Geological Survey 1:50,000 scale geological map (England and Wales) sheet 60 ''Settle'' are evident at the surface in the form of degraded faults scarps where Carboniferous Limestone abuts millstone grit. The fault system is approximately coincident with the southwestern edge of the Yorkshire Dales National Park and the northeastern edge of the Bowland Fells. Location The Craven Faults are major crustal fractures across the Pennines. These faults constitute a zone crossing the backbone of England from west to east commencing near Leck, Lancashire at then branching three ways: * The North Craven Fault extends about to . * The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yorkshire Dales
The Yorkshire Dales are a series of valleys, or Dale (landform), dales, in the Pennines, an Highland, upland range in England. They are mostly located in the Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, but extend into Cumbria and Lancashire; they are entirely within the Historic counties of England, historic boundaries of Yorkshire. The majority of the dales are within the Yorkshire Dales National Park, created in 1954. The exception is the area around Nidderdale, which forms the separate Nidderdale AONB, Nidderdale Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The landscape of the Yorkshire Dales consists of sheltered glacial valleys separated by exposed moorland. The predominant rock is Carboniferous Limestone, which is particularly visible in the south-west in features such as Malham Cove. It is overlain in many areas by the Yoredale Series of alternating weak shales and hard limestones and sandstones, which give the dales their characteristic 'stepped' appeara ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
