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Bio-ink
Bio-inks are materials used to produce engineered/artificial live tissue using 3D printing. These inks are mostly composed of the cells that are being used, but are often used in tandem with additional materials that envelope the cells. The combination of cells and usually biopolymer gels are defined as a bio-ink. They must meet certain characteristics, including such as rheological, mechanical, biofunctional and biocompatibility properties, among others. Using bio-inks provides a high reproducibility and precise control over the fabricated constructs in an automated manner. These inks are considered as one of the most advanced tools for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM). Like the thermoplastics that are often utilized in traditional 3D printing, bio-inks can be extruded through printing nozzles or needles into filaments that can maintain its shape fidelity after deposition. However, bio-ink are sensitive to the normal 3D printing processing conditions. Differe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bioprinting
Three dimensional (3D) bioprinting is the use of 3D printing–like techniques to combine cells, growth factors, bio-inks, and biomaterials to fabricate functional structures that were traditionally used for tissue engineering applications but in recent times have seen increased interest in other applications such as biosensing, and environmental remediation. Generally, 3D bioprinting uses a layer-by-layer method to deposit materials known as bio-inks to create tissue-like structures that are later used in various medical and tissue engineering fields. 3D bioprinting covers a broad range of bioprinting techniques and biomaterials. Currently, bioprinting can be used to print tissue and organ models to help research drugs and potential treatments. Nonetheless, translation of bioprinted living cellular constructs into clinical application is met with several issues due to the complexity and cell number necessary to create functional organs. However, innovations span from bioprintin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3D Bioprinting
Three dimensional (3D) bioprinting is the use of 3D printing–like techniques to combine cells, growth factors, bio-inks, and biomaterials to fabricate functional structures that were traditionally used for tissue engineering applications but in recent times have seen increased interest in other applications such as biosensing, and environmental remediation. Generally, 3D bioprinting uses a layer-by-layer method to deposit materials known as bio-inks to create tissue-like structures that are later used in various medical and tissue engineering fields. 3D bioprinting covers a broad range of bioprinting techniques and biomaterials. Currently, bioprinting can be used to print tissue and organ models to help research drugs and potential treatments. Nonetheless, translation of bioprinted living cellular constructs into clinical application is met with several issues due to the complexity and cell number necessary to create functional organs. However, innovations span from bioprint ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Collagen
Collagen () is the main structural protein in the extracellular matrix of the connective tissues of many animals. It is the most abundant protein in mammals, making up 25% to 35% of protein content. Amino acids are bound together to form a triple helix of elongated fibril known as a collagen helix. It is mostly found in cartilage, bones, tendons, ligaments, and skin. Vitamin C is vital for collagen synthesis. Depending on the degree of biomineralization, mineralization, collagen tissues may be rigid (bone) or compliant (tendon) or have a gradient from rigid to compliant (cartilage). Collagen is also abundant in corneas, blood vessels, the Gut (anatomy), gut, intervertebral discs, and the dentin in teeth. In muscle tissue, it serves as a major component of the endomysium. Collagen constitutes 1% to 2% of muscle tissue and 6% by weight of skeletal muscle. The fibroblast is the most common cell creating collagen in animals. Gelatin, which is used in food and industry, is collagen t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Extracellular Matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM), also called intercellular matrix (ICM), is a network consisting of extracellular macromolecules and minerals, such as collagen, enzymes, glycoproteins and hydroxyapatite that provide structural and biochemical support to surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM. The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest. Each type of connective tissue ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Notable 3D Printed Weapons And Parts
The table below lists noteworthy 3D-printed weapons (mainly 3D-printed firearms) and parts. List of weapons and parts Legend Entire firearms Receivers and frames Receiver and frame are the parts that are legally considered a firearm and must be registered. Firearms parts and accessories Glossary of acronyms ; FFF : Fused filament fabrication, a process that squeezes a molten filament. ; FDM : Fused deposition modeling, a trademarked term for FFF. ; DMLS / SLM : Direct metal laser sintering, a process that fuses metal powder by sintering. ; SLM : Selective laser melting, a process that fuses metal powder by melting. ; ABS : Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, a common thermoplastic with relatively high heat resistance. :ABSplus is a stronger, proprietary blend of ABS by Stratasys. ; PLA : Polylactic acid, a bio-plastic. Easier to print, stiffer, and more brittle than other plastics. :PLA+ is a term for any blend that enhances some characteristic. ; PETG : Polyethylene ter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Emerging Technologies
This is a list of emerging technologies, which are emerging technologies, in-development technical innovations that have significant potential in their applications. The criteria for this list is that the technology must: # Exist in some way; purely Hypothetical technology, hypothetical technologies cannot be considered emerging and should be covered in the list of hypothetical technologies instead. However, technologies being actively researched and prototyped are acceptable. # Have a Wikipedia article or adjacent citation covering them. # Not be widely used yet. Mainstream or extensively commercialized technologies can no longer be considered emerging. Listing here is not a prediction that the technology will become widely adopted, only a recognition of significant ''potential'' to become widely adopted or highly useful if ongoing work continues, is successful, and the work is not overtaken by other technologies. Agriculture Construction Economy Electronics, IT, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Common 3D Test Models
This is a list of models and meshes commonly used in 3D computer graphics for testing and demonstrating rendering algorithms and visual effects. Their use is important for comparing results, similar to the way standard test images are used in image processing. Modeled Designed using CAD software; sorted by year of modeling. Scanned Includes photogrammetric methods; sorted by year of scanning. Gallery See also * * * References External links ; Standard test models The Stanford 3D Scanning Repositoryhosted by the Stanford University Large Geometric Models Archivehosted by the Georgia Institute of Technology ; Other repositories The Utah 3D Animation Repository a small collection of animated 3D models scene collection by Physically Based Rendering Toolkit: a number of interesting scenes to render with global illumination MGF Example Scenes a small collection of some indoor 3D scenes archive3D a collection of 3D models 3DModels a collection of vehicl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of 3D Printer Manufacturers
This is a list of notable manufacturers of 3D printers. 3D printers are a type of robots that are able to print 3D models using successive layers of raw materials. 0–9 * 3D makeR Technologies – Barranquilla, Colombia * 3D Systems – Rock Hill, South Carolina, USA A-B * AIO Robotics – Los Angeles, California, USA * Airwolf 3D – Costa Mesa, California, USA * Aleph Objects – Loveland, Colorado, USA – (Lulzbot printers), (owned by FAME 3D) * Bambu Lab – Shenzhen, China C-F * Carbon – Redwood City, California, USA * Cellink – Boston, Massachusetts, USA * CRP Group – Modena, Italy * Creality – Shenzhen, China * Desktop Metal – Burlington, Massachusetts, USA * envisionTEC (ETEC) – Gladbeck, Germany, (owned by Desktop Metal) * Formlabs – Somerville, Massachusetts, USA * Fusion3 – Greensboro, North Carolina, USA G-L * HP Inc. – Palo Alto, California, USA * Hyrel 3D – Norcross, Georgia, USA * Kikai Labs – Buenos Aires, Arg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polymerization
In polymer chemistry, polymerization (American English), or polymerisation (British English), is a process of reacting monomer molecules together in a chemical reaction to form polymer chains or three-dimensional networks. There are many forms of polymerization and different systems exist to categorize them. In chemical compounds, polymerization can occur via a variety of reaction mechanisms that vary in complexity due to the functional groups present in the reactants and their inherent steric effects. In more straightforward polymerizations, alkenes form polymers through relatively simple radical reactions; in contrast, reactions involving substitution at a carbonyl group require more complex synthesis due to the way in which reactants polymerize. As alkenes can polymerize in somewhat straightforward radical reactions, they form useful compounds such as polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), which are produced in high tonnages each year due to their usefulnes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethylene Oxide
Ethylene oxide is an organic compound with the chemical formula, formula . It is a cyclic ether and the simplest epoxide: a three-membered ring (chemistry), ring consisting of one oxygen atom and two carbon atoms. Ethylene oxide is a colorless and flammable gas with a faintly sweet odor. Because it is a strained ring, ethylene oxide easily participates in a number of addition reactions that result in ring-opening. Ethylene oxide is isomeric with acetaldehyde and with vinyl alcohol. Ethylene oxide is industrially produced by oxidation of ethylene in the presence of a silver catalyst. The reactivity that is responsible for many of ethylene oxide's hazards also makes it useful. Although too dangerous for direct household use and generally unfamiliar to consumers, ethylene oxide is used for making many consumer products as well as non-consumer chemicals and intermediates. These products include detergents, thickeners, solvents, plastics, and various organic chemicals such as ethylen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyethylene Glycol
Polyethylene glycol (PEG; ) is a polyether compound derived from petroleum with many applications, from industrial manufacturing to medicine. PEG is also known as polyethylene oxide (PEO) or polyoxyethylene (POE), depending on its molecular weight. The structure of PEG is commonly expressed as H−(O−CH2−CH2)n−OH. PEG is commonly incorporated into hydrogels which present a functional form for further use. Uses Medical uses * Pharmaceutical-grade PEG is used as an excipient in many pharmaceutical products, in oral, topical, and parenteral dosage forms. * PEG is the basis of a number of laxatives (as ''MiraLax, RestoraLAX, MoviPrep, etc.''). Whole bowel irrigation with polyethylene glycol and added electrolytes is used for bowel preparation before surgery or colonoscopy or for children with constipation. Macrogol (with brand names such as Laxido, Movicol and Miralax) is the generic name for polyethylene glycol used as a laxative. The name may be followed by a number th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poloxamer
Poloxamers are nonionic triblock copolymers composed of a central hydrophobic chain of polyoxypropylene (poly(propylene oxide)) flanked by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene (poly(ethylene oxide)). The word was coined by BASF inventor, Irving Schmolka, who received the patent for these materials in 1973. Poloxamers are also known by the trade names Pluronic, Kolliphor (pharma grade), and Synperonic. Because the lengths of the polymer blocks can be customized, many different poloxamers exist that have slightly different properties. For the generic term ''poloxamer'', these copolymers are commonly named with the letter ''P'' (for poloxamer) followed by three digits: the first two digits multiplied by 100 give the approximate molecular mass of the polyoxypropylene core, and the last digit multiplied by 10 gives the percentage polyoxyethylene content (e.g. P407 = poloxamer with a polyoxypropylene molecular mass of 4000 g/mol and a 70% polyoxyethylene content). For the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
