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Bail-in
A bailout is the provision of financial help to a corporation or country which otherwise would be on the brink of bankruptcy. A bailout differs from the term ''bail-in'' (coined in 2010) under which the bondholders or depositors of global systemically important financial institutions (G-SIFIs) are forced to participate in the recapitalization process but taxpayers are not. Some governments also have the power to participate in the insolvency process; for instance, the U.S. government intervened in the General Motors bailout of 2009–2013. A bailout can, but does not necessarily, avoid an insolvency process. The term ''bailout'' is maritime in origin and describes the act of removing water from a sinking vessel using a bucket. Overview A bailout could be done for profit motives, such as when a new investor resurrects a floundering company by buying its shares at firesale prices, or for social objectives, such as when, hypothetically speaking, a wealthy philanthropist reinvents ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Tucker (banker)
Sir Paul Tucker (born 24 March 1958) is a British central banker and author. He was formerly the Deputy Governor of the Bank of England, Deputy Governor of the Bank of England, with responsibility for financial stability, and served on the Bank's Monetary Policy Committee (United Kingdom), Monetary Policy Committee from June 2002 until October 2013 and its interim and then full Financial Policy Committee from June 2011. In November 2012 he was turned down for the position of governor in favour of Mark Carney. In June 2013, Tucker announced that he would leave the Bank of England, and later that he would be moving to Harvard. He was Knight Bachelor, knighted in the 2014 New Year Honours for services to central banking. His first book, ''Unelected Power'', was published in May 2018 and his second book, ''Global Discord'' was published in November 2022. Early life Tucker was educated at Codsall High School, Wolverhampton, and graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jon Cunliffe
Sir Jonathan Stephen Cunliffe, CB (born 2 June 1953) is a senior British civil servant, who served as Deputy Governor of the Bank of England for Financial Stability. Biography Cunliffe studied at Manchester University. He lectured at the University of Western Ontario, before joining the UK Department of the Environment and Transport in 1980. He was appointed Deputy Director for International Finance at HM Treasury in 1998, then promoted to Director of International Finance, and then managing director of Macroeconomic Policy and International Finance. In 2001 he became managing director of Finance, Regulation and Industry for a year, before reverting to managing director of Macroeconomic Policy and International Finance. In 2005 Cunliffe's position was promoted to that of Second Permanent Secretary, remaining managing director of Macroeconomic Policy and International Finance, later focussed to managing director of International and Finance. In 2007 following Gordon Brown's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2008 Financial Crisis
The 2008 financial crisis, also known as the global financial crisis (GFC), was a major worldwide financial crisis centered in the United States. The causes of the 2008 crisis included excessive speculation on housing values by both homeowners and financial institutions that led to the 2000s United States housing bubble, exacerbated by predatory lending for subprime mortgages and deficiencies in regulation. Cash out refinancings had fueled an increase in consumption that could no longer be sustained when home prices declined. The first phase of the crisis was the subprime mortgage crisis, which began in early 2007, as mortgage-backed securities (MBS) tied to U.S. real estate, and a vast web of Derivative (finance), derivatives linked to those MBS, collapsed in value. A liquidity crisis spread to global institutions by mid-2007 and climaxed with the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers in September 2008, which triggered a stock market crash and bank runs in several countries. The crisis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michael Noonan (Fine Gael Politician)
Michael Noonan (born 21 May 1943) is an Irish former Fine Gael politician who served as Minister for Finance (Ireland), Minister for Finance from 2011 to 2017, Leader of the Opposition (Ireland), Leader of the Opposition and Leader of Fine Gael from 2001 to 2002, Minister for Health (Ireland), Minister for Health from 1994 to 1997, Minister for Enterprise, Trade and Employment, Minister for Industry and Commerce from 1986 to 1987, Minister for Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media, Minister for Energy from January 1987 to March 1987 and Minister for Justice (Ireland), Minister for Justice from 1982 to 1986. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) from 1981 to 2020. Noonan had been a member of every Fine Gael cabinet since 1982, serving in the cabinets of Garret FitzGerald, John Bruton and Enda Kenny. During these terms of office, he held the positions of Justice, Energy, Industry and Commerce, Health and Finance. When Fine Gael lost power after the 1997 Irish general elec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Too Big To Fail
"Too big to fail" (TBTF) is a theory in banking and finance that asserts that certain corporations, particularly financial institutions, are so large and so interconnected with an economy that their failure would be disastrous to the greater economic system, and therefore should be supported by government when they face potential failure. The colloquial term "too big to fail" was popularized by U.S. Congressman Stewart McKinney in a 1984 Congressional hearing, discussing the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation's intervention with Continental Illinois. The term had previously been used occasionally in the press, and similar thinking had motivated earlier bank bailouts. The term emerged as prominent in public discourse following the 2008 financial crisis. Critics see the policy as counterproductive and that large banks or other institutions should be left to fail if their risk management is not effective. Some critics, such as economist Alan Greenspan, believe that such lar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Institute Of International Finance
The Institute of International Finance (IIF) is the association or trade group for the global financial services industry. It was created by 38 banks of leading industrialized countries in 1983 in response to the international debt crisis of the early 1980s, This section in UNESCAP's annual report reviewed the IIF along with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and Bank for International Settlements (BIS) and credit rating agencies in terms of financial monitoring and surveillance. By March 1998 a new paradigm had emerged in terms of regulation and policy-making in a new era of global finance with increasingly "sophisticated and rapidly changing markets." At a conference on debt and development White argued that "policy makers and regulators" would have to "rely increasingly on market-led processes to provide the discipline required to lead to prudent and stabilizing behaviour." and has since expanded to represent more than 400 firms from more than 60 countries. IIF members inclu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federal Reserve
The Federal Reserve System (often shortened to the Federal Reserve, or simply the Fed) is the central banking system of the United States. It was created on December 23, 1913, with the enactment of the Federal Reserve Act, after a series of financial panics (particularly the panic of 1907) led to the desire for central control of the monetary system in order to alleviate financial crises. Although an instrument of the U.S. government, the Federal Reserve System considers itself "an independent central bank because its monetary policy decisions do not have to be approved by the president or by anyone else in the executive or legislative branches of government, it does not receive funding appropriated by Congress, and the terms of the members of the board of governors span multiple presidential and congressional terms." Over the years, events such as the Great Depression in the 1930s and the Great Recession during the 2000s have led to the expansion of the roles and responsibi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Financial Stability Board
The Financial Stability Board (FSB) is an international body that monitors and makes recommendations about the global financial system. It was established in the 2009 G20 Pittsburgh Summit as a successor to the Financial Stability Forum (FSF). The Board includes all G20 major economies, FSF members, and the European Commission. Hosted and funded by the Bank for International Settlements, the board is based in Basel, Switzerland, and is established as a not-for-profit association under Swiss law. The FSB represented the G20 leaders' first major international institutional innovation. U.S. treasury secretary Tim Geithner has described it as "in effect, a fourth pillar" of the architecture of global economic governance, alongside the International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and the World Trade Organization. Unlike some other multilateral financial institutions, the FSB lacks a treaty basis and formal power, and relies instead on an informal and nonbinding memorandum of und ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bank Of England
The Bank of England is the central bank of the United Kingdom and the model on which most modern central banks have been based. Established in 1694 to act as the Kingdom of England, English Government's banker and debt manager, and still one of the bankers for the government of the United Kingdom, it is the world's second oldest central bank. The bank was privately owned by stockholders from its foundation in 1694 until it was nationalised in 1946 by the Attlee ministry. In 1998 it became an independent public organisation, wholly owned by the Treasury Solicitor on behalf of the government, with a mandate to support the economic policies of the government of the day, but independence in maintaining price stability. In the 21st century the bank took on increased responsibility for maintaining and monitoring financial stability in the UK, and it increasingly functions as a statutory Financial regulation, regulator. The bank's headquarters have been in London's main financial di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Financial Law Review
Delinian (formerly Euromoney Institutional Investor) is a British financial media company that has interests in business and financial publishing and event organisation. , it was one of Europe's largest business and financial information companies. It was listed on the London Stock Exchange and was a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index until it was acquired by private equity groups, Astorg and Epiris, in November 2022. History Euromoney magazine was founded by Sir Patrick Sergeant in 1969 as an international business-to-business media group focused primarily on the international finance sector. The costs to launch the magazine were covered with £6,000 from Associated Newspapers and £200 from Sergeant himself and a number of other Mail employees, with Hambros Bank putting up stand-by credit. Padraic Fallon joined the magazine as editor. He would takeover as chairman and executive after Sergeant, overseeing the company until his death in 2012. Patrick Sergeant continued to mana ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lehman Brothers
Lehman Brothers Inc. ( ) was an American global financial services firm founded in 1850. Before filing for bankruptcy in 2008, Lehman was the fourth-largest investment bank in the United States (behind Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley, and Merrill Lynch), with about 25,000 employees worldwide. It was doing business in investment banking, equity, fixed-income and derivatives sales and trading (especially U.S. Treasury securities), research, investment management, private equity, and private banking. Lehman was operational for 158 years from its founding in 1850 until 2008. On September 15, 2008, Lehman Brothers filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection following the exodus of most of its clients, drastic declines in its stock price, and the devaluation of assets by credit rating agencies. The collapse was largely due to Lehman's involvement in the subprime mortgage crisis and its exposure to less liquid assets. Lehman's bankruptcy filing is the largest in US history, having ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SoFFin
The SoFFin (Sonderfonds Finanzmarktstabilisierung - Special Financial Market Stabilization Funds) is a program of the Cabinet of Germany, German government with the purpose to stabilize and restore confidence in the financial system. It was created during the 2008 financial crisis on October 17, 2008 by the Bundestag, German Parliament and enacted on October 20, 2008. As of December 31, 2010, it stopped offering new services but continued managing existing guarantees. In November 2011, it was announced that it would be revived for potential new issues if necessary. Initially it was established as an agency of the Deutsche Bundesbank and was supervised by the Federal Ministry of Finance (Germany), federal ministry of finance. The fund was managed by Dr. Hannes Rehm (speaker), Dr. Christopher Pleister and Gerhard Strattthaus. Operations were conducted through three tasks: * Providing Liquidity by means of guarantees for specially issued debt by eligible financial institutions * I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
