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Aul Wolfowitz
An aul; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; (; ) is a type of fortified village or town found throughout the Caucasus and Central Asia. They are generally built out of stone, on faces of ridges or against cliffs in order to provide protection against surprise attacks. Houses are usually two stories high, and they are staggered to make it virtually impossible for enemies to get anywhere on the roads. The houses usually have a southern aspect to take advantage of the sun in the winter and to be sheltered from the northern winds. Often, they are not located near good farmland or water sources, so it is necessary to bring water into the settlement. In the 19th century, as Russia fought to conquer the Caucasus, auls were very formidable defences and could be taken for the most part only by storming. The auls of Svaneti, Georgia, with their distinctive medieval towers, have been recognized as a World Heritage Site. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PG - Dagestan
PG, P.G., P&G, pg, or Pg, or similar, may refer to: *Parental Guidance (PG), a content rating in the following motion picture content rating systems and television content rating systems: ** Australian Classification Board ** Film Censorship Board in Barbados ** Canadian motion picture rating system/Canadian Home Video Rating System ** Canadian TV Classification System ** Cook Islands Censorship Office ** Hong Kong television rating system ** Irish Film Classification Office ** Jamaican motion picture rating system ** Kenya Film Classification Board ** Censor Board Committee in Kuwait ** Lebanese Censorship Board ** National Bureau of Classification in the Maldives ** Film Board in Malta ** Film Classification Board in Mauritius ** Classification Office (New Zealand) ** New Zealand television rating system ** National Film and Video Censors Board in Nigeria ** Movie and Television Review and Classification Board in the Philippines ** General Commission for Audiovisual M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tsori Towers (Ingushetia)
Tsori (, ) a rural locality (a '' selo'') in Dzheyrakhsky District of Ingushetia. It is part of the . Tsori is the ancestral settlement of Ingush clan (''teip'') of Tsoroy () and the historical center of Tsorin society. Name The toponym is of ancient origin. It splits into two parts: Tsḥor-e, the "-e/-ye" part being a suffix of Ingush language. The "Tshor-" part is associated by with the Ingush word ''tsḥar'' () which means mail mesh helmet that covers the face and neck of a warrior. Ethnonym Tsoroy (a ''teip'') takes its name from Tsori. History Historically, Tsori was the center of Tsorin society. In the second half of the 18th century (1770s), the German researcher J.A. Güldenstädt indicated Tsori among the total number of Ingush villages and districts. On 13 June 1785, a large Chechen force consisting of 500 men approached Tsori, in order to sack it. Learning of the plot, Tsorins attacked the Chechens during the night and defeated them. In 1832, due to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caucasus
The Caucasus () or Caucasia (), is a region spanning Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is situated between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, comprising parts of Southern Russia, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The Caucasus Mountains, including the Greater Caucasus range, have conventionally been considered as a natural barrier between Europe and Asia, bisecting the Eurasian landmass. Mount Elbrus, Europe's highest mountain, is situated in the Western Caucasus area of Russia. On the southern side, the Lesser Caucasus includes the Javakheti Plateau and the Armenian highlands. The Caucasus is divided into the North Caucasus and South Caucasus, although the Western Caucasus also exists as a distinct geographic space within the North Caucasus. The Greater Caucasus mountain range in the north is mostly shared by Russia and Georgia as well as the northernmost parts of Azerbaijan. The Lesser Caucasus mountain range in the south is mostly located on the territory of sout ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Asia
Central Asia is a region of Asia consisting of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. The countries as a group are also colloquially referred to as the "-stans" as all have names ending with the Persian language, Persian suffix "-stan" (meaning ) in both respective native languages and most other languages. The region is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the southwest, European Russia to the northwest, China and Mongolia to the east, Afghanistan and Iran to the south, and Siberia to the north. Together, the five Central Asian countries have a total population of around million. In the pre-Islamic and early Islamic eras ( and earlier) Central Asia was inhabited predominantly by Iranian peoples, populated by Eastern Iranian-speaking Bactrians, Sogdians, Khwarezmian language, Chorasmians, and the semi-nomadic Scythians and Dahae. As the result of Turkic migration, Central Asia also became the homeland for the Kazakhs, Kyrgyzs, Volga Tatars, Tatars, Turkmens, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Soviet Encyclopedia
The ''Great Soviet Encyclopedia'' (GSE; , ''BSE'') is one of the largest Russian-language encyclopedias, published in the Soviet Union from 1926 to 1990. After 2002, the encyclopedia's data was partially included into the later ''Great Russian Encyclopedia'' in an updated and revised form. The GSE claimed to be "the first Marxist–Leninist general-purpose encyclopedia". Origins The idea of the ''Great Soviet Encyclopedia'' emerged in 1923 on the initiative of Otto Schmidt, a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. In early 1924 Schmidt worked with a group which included Mikhail Pokrovsky, (rector of the Institute of Red Professors), Nikolai Meshcheryakov (Former head of the General Directorate for the Protection of State Secrets in the Press, Glavit, the State Administration of Publishing Affairs), Valery Bryusov (poet), Veniamin Kagan (mathematician) and Konstantin Kuzminsky to draw up a proposal which was agreed to in April 1924. Also involved was Anatoly Lunacharsky, People' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otto Shmidt
Otto Yulyevich Shmidt (born Otto Friedrich Julius Schmidt; – 7 September 1956), better known as Otto Schmidt, was a Soviet scientist, mathematician, astronomer, geophysicist, politician, statesman, and academician. Biography He was born in the town of Mogilev in the Russian Empire, in what is now Belarus. His father was a descendant of Germans, German settlers in Courland, while his mother was a Latvian people, Latvian. In 1912 and 1913, while in university, he published a number of mathematical works on group theory which laid foundation for Krull–Schmidt theorem. In 1913, Schmidt married Vera Schmidt (psychoanalyst), Vera Yanitskaia and graduated from the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Saint Vladimir Imperial University of Kiev, where he worked as a privat-docent starting from 1916. In 1918 he became a member of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (of Internationalists), Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (internationallists) which was later di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was an empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its establishment in November 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in September 1917. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about , roughly one-sixth of the world's landmass, making it the list of largest empires, third-largest empire in history, behind only the British Empire, British and Mongol Empire, Mongol empires. It also Russian colonization of North America, colonized Alaska between 1799 and 1867. The empire's 1897 census, the only one it conducted, found a population of 125.6 million with considerable ethnic, linguistic, religious, and socioeconomic diversity. From the 10th to 17th centuries, the Russians had been ruled by a noble class known as the boyars, above whom was the tsar, an absolute monarch. The groundwork of the Russian Empire was laid by Ivan III (), who greatly expanded his domain, established a centralized Russian national state, and secured inde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
