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Art Of Representation
The "art of representation" () is a critical term used by the seminal Russians, Russian theatre practitioner Konstantin Stanislavski to describe a method of acting. It comes from his acting manual ''An Actor Prepares'' (1936). Stanislavski defines his own approach to acting as "experiencing the role" and contrasts it with the "art of representation". It is on the basis of this formulation that the United States, American Method acting teacher Uta Hagen defines her recommended Stanislavskian approach as 'Presentational acting and Representational acting#Uta's confusion, presentational' acting, as opposed to 'Presentational acting and Representational acting#Uta's confusion, representational' acting. This use, however, directly contradicts Presentational acting and Representational acting, mainstream critical use of these terms. Despite the distinction, Stanislavskian theatre, in which actors 'experience' their roles, remains 'Representation (arts), representational' in the broader cri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subconscious
In psychology, the subconscious is the part of the mind that is not currently of focal awareness. The term was already popularized in the early 20th century in areas ranging from psychology, religion and spirituality. The concept was heavily popularized by Joseph Murphy's 1963 self-help book ''The Power of Your Subconscious Mind''. Scholarly use of the term The word ''subconscious'' represents an anglicized version of the French ''subconscient'' as coined by John Norris, in "An Essay Towards the Theory of the Ideal or Intelligible World” (1708): "The immediate objects of Sense, are not the objects of Intellection, they being of a Subconscient ubconsciousnature." A more recent use was in 1889 by the psychologist Pierre Janet (1859–1947), in his doctorate of letters thesis, ''Of Psychological Automatism'' (. Janet argued that underneath the layers of critical-thought functions of the conscious mind lay a powerful awareness that he called the subconscious mind.Henri F. Ellenb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paradox Of The Actor
''Paradox of the Actor'' () is a dramatic essay by French writer Denis Diderot. It was written between 1770 and 1778 but first published after the death of the author in 1830. The work elucidates a theory of acting in which it is argued that great actors do not experience the emotions they are displaying. His theory was further developed by Russian theatre practitioner Konstantin Stanislavski as the art of representation. It contradicts the view of Horace with regard to the use of emotion in rhetoric: ('If you wish me to weep you must first weep yourself'), itself further developed as the Stanislavski's system and method acting. Content The essay consists of a dialogue between two speakers in which the first speaker espouses the views of Diderot on acting. The first speaker argues that the great actor is characterized by a complete absence of any feeling; and that the art of the great actor consists of displaying the illusion of feeling. The reason is that if the great actor we ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Denis Diderot
Denis Diderot (; ; 5 October 171331 July 1784) was a French philosopher, art critic, and writer, best known for serving as co-founder, chief editor, and contributor to the along with Jean le Rond d'Alembert. He was a prominent figure during the Age of Enlightenment. Diderot initially studied philosophy at a Society of Jesus, Jesuit college, then considered working in the church clergy before briefly studying law. When he decided to become a writer in 1734, his father disowned him. He lived a Bohemianism, bohemian existence for the next decade. In the 1740s he wrote many of his best-known works in both fiction and non-fiction, including the 1748 novel ''The Indiscreet Jewels, Les Bijoux indiscrets'' (The Indiscreet Jewels). In 1751 Diderot co-created the ''Encyclopédie'' with Jean le Rond d'Alembert. It was the first encyclopedia to include contributions from many named contributors and the first to describe the mechanical arts. Its secular tone, which included articles skepti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benoît-Constant Coquelin
Benoît-Constant Coquelin (; 23 January 184127 January 1909), known as Coquelin aîné ("Coquelin the Elder"), was a French actor, "one of the greatest theatrical figures of the age." Biography Coquelin was born in Boulogne-sur-Mer, Pas-de-Calais. He was originally intended to follow his father's trade of baker (he was once called "un boulanger manqué" – "a failed baker" – by a hostile critic), but his love of acting led him to the Conservatoire, where he entered Régnier's class in 1859. He won the first prize for comedy within a year, and made his début on 7 December 1860 at the Comédie-Française as the comic valet, Gros-René, in Molière's ''Le Dépit amoureux'', but his first great success was as Figaro in ''The Barber of Seville'', in the following year. It was an honour for Coquelin to be a part of the Comédie-Française at such a young age. This company had already been in existence for around 150 years. He was made ''sociétaire'' in 1864. There ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Improvisational Theatre
Improvisational theatre, often called improvisation or improv or impro in British English, is the form of theatre, often comedy, in which most or all of what is performed is unplanned or unscripted, created spontaneously by the performers. In its purest form, the dialogue, action, story, and characters are created collaboratively by the players as the improvisation unfolds in present time, without use of an already prepared, written Play (theatre), script. Improvisational theatre exists in performance as a range of styles of improvisational comedy as well as some non-comedic theatrical performances. It is sometimes used in film and television, both to develop characters and scripts and occasionally as part of the final product. Improvisational techniques are often used extensively in drama programs to train actors for stage, film, and television and can be an important part of the rehearsal process. However, the skills and processes of improvisation are also used outside the conte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psychophysiology
Psychophysiology (from Greek , ''psȳkhē'', "breath, life, soul"; , ''physis'', "nature, origin"; and , '' -logia'') is the branch of psychology that is concerned with the physiological bases of psychological processes. While psychophysiology was a general, broad field of research in the 1960s and 1970s, it has now become quite specialized, based on methods, topic of studies, and scientific traditions. Methods vary as combinations of electrophysiological methods (such as EEG), neuroimaging ( MRI, PET), and neurochemistry. Topics have branched into subspecializations such as social, sport, cognitive, cardiovascular, clinical, and other branches of psychophysiology. Background Some people have difficulty distinguishing a psychophysiologist from a physiological psychologist, which has two very different perspectives. Psychologists are interested in why we may fear spiders and physiologists may be interested in the input/output system of the amygdala. A psychophysiologis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Théodule-Armand Ribot
Théodule-Armand Ribot (18 December 18399 December 1916) was a French psychologist. He was born at Guingamp, and was educated at the Lycée de St Brieuc. He is known as the founder of scientific psychology in France, and gave his name to Ribot's Law regarding retrograde amnesia. In 1856 he began to teach, and was admitted to the École Normale Supérieure in 1862. He passed his agrégation in philosophy, this allowed him to teach in high school. He worked as a high school teacher in Vesoul (1866–1868), and then in Laval (1868–1872). On the 9 April 1888 at The Collège de France he gave the first lecture in psychology in France. In 1885 he gave a course of lectures on Experimental Psychology at the Sorbonne, and in 1888 was appointed professor of that subject at the College of France. His thesis for his doctors' degree, republished in 1882, ''Hérédité: étude psychologique'' (5th ed., 1889), was his most important and best known book. L'Hérédité psychologique is c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Behaviorism
Behaviorism is a systematic approach to understand the behavior of humans and other animals. It assumes that behavior is either a reflex elicited by the pairing of certain antecedent stimuli in the environment, or a consequence of that individual's history, including especially reinforcement and punishment contingencies, together with the individual's current motivational state and controlling stimuli. Although behaviorists generally accept the important role of heredity in determining behavior, deriving from Skinner's two levels of selection: phylogeny and ontogeny. they focus primarily on environmental events. The cognitive revolution of the late 20th century largely replaced behaviorism as an explanatory theory with cognitive psychology, which unlike behaviorism views internal mental states as explanations for observable behavior. Behaviorism emerged in the early 1900s as a reaction to depth psychology and other traditional forms of psychology, which often had diffic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ivan Pavlov
Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (, ; 27 February 1936) was a Russian and Soviet experimental neurologist and physiologist known for his discovery of classical conditioning through his experiments with dogs. Pavlov also conducted significant research on the physiology of digestion, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1904. Education and early life Pavlov was born the first of ten children, in Ryazan, Russian Empire. His father, Peter Dmitrievich Pavlov (1823–1899), was a village Russian Orthodox priest. His mother, Varvara Ivanovna Uspenskaya (1826–1890), was a homemaker. As a child, Pavlov willingly participated in house duties such as doing the dishes and taking care of his siblings. He loved to garden, ride his bicycle, row, swim, and play gorodki; he devoted his summer vacations to these activities. Although able to read by the age of seven, Pavlov did not begin formal schooling until he was 11 years old, due to serious injuries he had sustained ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chironomia Frontispiece 1644 Detail
{{Short description, Art of hand gesturing in speech Chironomia is the art of using gesticulations or hand gestures to good effect in traditional rhetoric or oratory. Effective use of the hands, with or without the use of the voice, is a practice of great antiquity, which was developed and systematized by the Greeks and the Romans. Various gestures had conventionalized meanings which were commonly understood, either within certain class or professional groups, or broadly among dramatic and oratorical audiences. Gilbert Austin was a well-known author on chironomia. The article about him contains a summary of theories in chironomia. See also * Gesticulation in Italian * Mudra References * John Bulwer John Bulwer (baptised 16 May 1606 – buried 16 October 1656) was an English people, English physician and early Baconian method, Baconian natural philosopher who wrote five works exploring the Body and human communication, particularly by gest ..., Chirologia; Or the N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
