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Apiole
Apiole is a phenylpropene, also known as apiol, parsley apiol, or parsley camphor. Its chemical name is 1-allyl-2,5-dimethoxy-3,4-methylenedioxybenzene. It is found in the essential oils of celery leaf and all parts of parsley. Heinrich Christoph Link, an apothecary in Leipzig, discovered the substance in 1715 as greenish crystals reduced by steam from oil of parsley. In 1855, Joret and Homolle discovered that ''apiol'' was an effective treatment of amenorrea or lack of menstruation. In medicine it has been used, as essential oil or in purified form, for the treatment of menstrual disorders and as an abortifacient. It is an irritant and, in high doses, it can cause liver and kidney damage. Cases of death due to attempted abortion using apiole have been reported. Hippocrates wrote about parsley as an herb to cause an abortion. Plants containing apiole were used by women in the Middle Ages to terminate pregnancies. Now that safer methods of abortion are available, apiol is almost ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dillapiole
Dillapiole is an organic chemical compound and essential oil commonly extracted from dill weed, though it can be found in a variety of other plants such as fennel root. This compound is closely related to apiole, having a methoxy group positioned differently on the benzene ring. Dillapiole works synergically with certain insecticides like pyrethrins similarly to piperonyl butoxide, which likely results from inhibition of the Mixed-function_oxidase, MFO enzyme of insects. No carcinogenicity was detected with parsley apiol or dill apiol in mice. See also * Pseudodillapiole References See also * Apiole * Phenylpropene Phenylpropenes O-methylated phenylpropanoids Benzodioxoles Allyl compounds Pyrogallol ethers Hydroxyquinol ethers {{aromatic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apiol
Apiol, also known as liquid apiol or green oil of parsley is the extracted oleoresin of parsley, rather than the distilled oil. Due to its similarity to the term apiole, care should be taken to avoid confusion. Apiol is an irritant and, in high doses, it can cause liver and kidney damage. Cases of death due to attempted abortion using apiol have been reported. Hippocrates wrote about parsley as a herb to cause an abortion. Plants containing apiole were used by women in the Middle Ages to terminate pregnancies. Its use was widespread in the US, often as ergoapiol or apergol, until a highly toxic adulterated product containing apiol and tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate (also famous as the adulterant added to Jamaica ginger) was introduced on the American market. Now that safer methods of abortion are available, apiol is almost forgotten. References Further reading * * Resins Abortifacients {{Medicinal-plant-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Celery
Celery (''Apium graveolens'' Dulce Group or ''Apium graveolens'' var. ''dulce'') is a cultivated plant belonging to the species ''Apium graveolens'' in the family Apiaceae that has been used as a vegetable since ancient times. The original wild species has been selectively bred over centuries into three primary cultivar groups: stalk celery (Dulce Group), consumed for its fibrous edible stalks; leaf celery (Secalinum Group), grown for its aromatic leaves; and celeriac (Rapaceum Group), cultivated for its large, edible hypocotyl. Celery is characterized by its long, ribbed stalks, pinnate leaves, and small white flowers arranged in umbels. Celery is composed primarily of water (95%) but contains large amounts of vitamin K and negligible fat. The vegetable is commonly consumed raw in salads, cooked in soups and stews, or juiced. Celery seeds, which have a strong, aromatic flavor, are used as a spice or processed into celery salt. Celery is among a small group of foods that may pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parsley
Parsley, or garden parsley (''Petroselinum crispum''), is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae that is native to Greece, Morocco and the former Yugoslavia. It has been introduced and naturalisation (biology), naturalized in Europe and elsewhere in the world with suitable climates, and is widely cultivated as an herb and a vegetable. It is believed to have been originally grown in Sardinia, and was cultivated in around the 3rd century BC. Linnaeus stated its wild habitat to be Sardinia, whence it was brought to England and apparently first cultivated in Britain in 1548, though literary evidence suggests parsley was used in England in the Middle Ages as early as the Anglo-Saxon period. Parsley is widely used in European cuisine, European, Middle Eastern cuisine, Middle Eastern, and American cuisine. Curly-leaf parsley is often used as a garnish (food), garnish. In Central European cuisine, central Europe, Eastern European cuisine, eastern Europe, and southern Eur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tri-ortho-cresyl Phosphate
Tricresyl phosphate (TCP), is a mixture of three isomeric organophosphate compounds most notably used as a flame retardant. Other uses include as a plasticizer in manufacturing for lacquers and varnishes and vinyl plastics and as an antiwear additive in lubricants. Pure tricresyl phosphate is a colourless, viscous liquid, although commercial samples are typically yellow. It is virtually insoluble in water, but easily soluble in organic solvents like toluene, hexane, and diethyl ether among others. It was synthesized by Alexander Williamson in 1854 upon reacting phosphorus pentachloride with cresol (a mixture of para-, ortho-, and meta- isomers of methylphenol), though today's manufacturers can prepare TCP by mixing cresol with phosphorus oxychloride or phosphoric acid as well. TCP, especially the all-ortho isomer, is the causative agent in a number of acute poisonings. Its chronic toxicity is also of concern. The ortho-isomer is rarely used on its own outside of laboratory studies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dill
Dill (''Anethum graveolens'') is an annual herb in the celery family Apiaceae. It is native to North Africa, Iran, and the Arabian Peninsula; it is grown widely in Eurasia, where its leaves and seeds are used as a herb or spice for flavouring food. Etymology The word ''dill'' and its close relatives are found in most of the Germanic languages; its ultimate origin is unknown. Taxonomy The genus name ''Anethum'' is the Latin form of Greek ἄνῑσον / ἄνησον / ἄνηθον / ἄνητον, which meant both "dill" and " anise". The form 'anīsum' came to be used for anise, and 'anēthum' for dill. The Latin word is the origin of dill's names in the Western Romance languages ('anet', 'aneldo' etc.), and also of the obsolete English 'anet'. Botany Dill grows up to from a taproot like a carrot. Its stems are slender and hollow with finely divided, softly delicate leaves; the leaves are alternately arranged, long with ultimate leaf divisions measuring broad, s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phenylpropene
Phenylpropenes broadly are compounds containing a phenyl ring bonded to propene, more specifically those with an allyl group bonded to a benzene ring, having the parent structure of allylbenzene. These comprise a class of phenylpropanoids, where there are typically other substituents In organic chemistry, a substituent is one or a group of atoms that replaces (one or more) atoms, thereby becoming a moiety (chemistry), moiety in the resultant (new) molecule. The suffix ''-yl'' is used when naming organic compounds that conta ... bonded to the aromatic ring. Phenylpropene specifically may refer to the following isomers of C9H10 (molar mass 118.179 g/mol): * ''trans''-Propenylbenzene (''trans''-1-phenylpropene) * α-Methylstyrene (2-phenylpropene) * Allylbenzene (3-phenylpropene) {{Chemindex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abortifacients
An abortifacient ("that which will cause a miscarriage" from Latin: ''abortus'' "miscarriage" and '' faciens'' "making") is a substance that induces abortion. This is a nonspecific term which may refer to any number of substances or medications, ranging from herbs to prescription medications. Common abortifacients used in performing medical abortions include mifepristone, which is typically used in conjunction with misoprostol in a two-step approach. Synthetic oxytocin, which is routinely used safely during term labor, is also commonly used to induce abortion in the second or third trimester. For thousands of years, writers in many parts of the world have described and recommended herbal abortifacients to women who seek to terminate a pregnancy, although their use may carry risks to the health of the woman. Medications Because "abortifacient" is a broad term used to describe a substance's effects on pregnancy, there is a wide range of drugs that can be described as abortifa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phenylpropenes
Phenylpropenes broadly are compounds containing a phenyl ring bonded to propene, more specifically those with an allyl group bonded to a benzene ring, having the parent structure of allylbenzene. These comprise a class of phenylpropanoids, where there are typically other substituents bonded to the aromatic ring. Phenylpropene specifically may refer to the following isomers of C9H10 (molar mass 118.179 g/mol): * ''trans''-Propenylbenzene (''trans''-1-phenylpropene) * α-Methylstyrene (2-phenylpropene) *Allylbenzene Allylbenzene or 3-phenylpropene is an organic compound with the formula C6H5CH2CH=CH2. It is a colorless liquid. The compound consists of a phenyl group attached to an allyl group. Allylbenzene isomerizes to trans-propenylbenzene. In plant bioc ... (3-phenylpropene) {{Chemindex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myristicin
Myristicin is a naturally occurring compound (an allylbenzene) found in common herbs and spices such as nutmeg. It is an insecticide, and has been shown to enhance the effectiveness of other insecticides. When ingested in high doses, myristicin may produce hallucinogenic effects, and can be converted to MMDMA in controlled chemical synthesis. It interacts with many enzymes and signaling pathways in the body, and may have dose-dependent cytotoxicity in living cells. Myristicin is listed in the Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Uses Isolated myristicin has proven an effective insecticide against many agricultural pests, including ''Aedes aegypti'' mosquito larvae, '' Spilosoma obliqua'' (hairy caterpillars), ''Epilachna varivestis'' ( Mexican bean beetles), ''Acyrthosiphon pisum'' (pea aphids), mites, and ''Drosophila melanogaster'' (fruit flies). Myristicin was shown to be an effective repellent, and to cause mortality via direct and systemic exposure. It also displayed a syner ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
