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Anchoveta
The Peruvian anchoveta (''Engraulis ringens'') is a species of fish of the anchovy family, Engraulidae, from the Southeast Pacific Ocean. It is one of the most commercially important fish species in the world, with annual harvests varying between 3.14 and 8.32 million tonnes from 2010 to 2021. Description Anchoveta were previously thought to eat mostly phytoplankton, small zooplankton, and larvae. However, recent work has shown that anchoveta get most of their energy from larger zooplankton, including macrozooplankton. Krill and large copepods are the most important dietary components. Peruvian anchoveta live for up to 3 years, reaching . They first reproduce at about 1 year age and length, whereas they are harvested as early as 6 months of age and length. Distribution Peruvian anchoveta are found in the southeastern Pacific Ocean off Peru and Chile, and typically found in huge schools within of the coast. Fisheries The anchoveta has been characterised as "the mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Humboldt Current
The Humboldt Current, also called the Peru Current, is a cold, low-salinity ocean current that flows north along the western coast of South America.Montecino, Vivian, and Carina B. Lange. "The Humboldt Current System: Ecosystem components and processes, fisheries, and sediment studies." ''Progress in Oceanography'' 83.1 (2009): 65-79. doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2009.07.041 It is an eastern boundary current flowing in the direction of the equator, and extends offshore. The Humboldt Current is named after the German naturalist Alexander von Humboldt even though it was discovered by José de Acosta 250 years before Humboldt. In 1846, von Humboldt reported measurements of the cold-water current in his book ''Cosmos''. The current extends from southern Chile (~ 45th parallel south) to northern Peru (~ 4th parallel south) where cold, upwelled, waters intersect warm tropical waters to form the Equatorial Front. Sea surface temperatures off the coast of Peru, around 5th parallel south, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anchovy
An anchovy is a small, common forage fish of the Family (biology), family Engraulidae. Most species are found in marine waters, but several will enter brackish water, and some in South America are restricted to fresh water. More than 140 species are placed in 16 genera; they are found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans, and in the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. Anchovies are usually classified as oily fish. Taxonomy Anchovies are classified into two subfamilies and 16 genera: * Superfamily Engrauloidea ** Genus †''Clupeopsis'' Casier, 1946 ** Genus †''Monosmilus'' Capobianco et al, 2020 ** Family Engraulidae Theodore Gill, Gill, 1861 *** Subfamily Engraulinae Theodore Gill, Gill, 1861 **** Genus ''Amazonsprattus'' Tyson R. Roberts, Roberts, 1984 **** Genus ''Anchoa'' David Starr Jordan, D. S. Jordan & Barton Warren Evermann, Evermann, 1927 **** Genus ''Anchovia'' D. S. Jordan & Evermann, 1895 **** Genus ''Anchoviella'' Henry Weed Fowler, Fowler, 1911 **** G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Engraulidae
An anchovy is a small, common forage fish of the family Engraulidae. Most species are found in marine waters, but several will enter brackish water, and some in South America are restricted to fresh water. More than 140 species are placed in 16 genera; they are found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans, and in the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. Anchovies are usually classified as oily fish. Taxonomy Anchovies are classified into two subfamilies and 16 genera: * Superfamily Engrauloidea ** Genus †'' Clupeopsis'' Casier, 1946 ** Genus †''Monosmilus'' Capobianco et al, 2020 ** Family Engraulidae Gill, 1861 *** Subfamily Engraulinae Gill, 1861 **** Genus ''Amazonsprattus'' Roberts, 1984 **** Genus ''Anchoa'' D. S. Jordan & Evermann, 1927 **** Genus ''Anchovia'' D. S. Jordan & Evermann, 1895 **** Genus ''Anchoviella'' Fowler, 1911 **** Genus ''Cetengraulis'' Günther, 1868 **** Genus ''Encrasicholina'' Fowler, 1938 **** Genus †'' Eoengraulis'' Marrama & Ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IUCN Red List
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data Book, founded in 1964, is an inventory of the global conservation status and extinction risk of biological species. A series of Regional Red Lists, which assess the risk of extinction to species within a political management unit, are also produced by countries and organizations. The goals of the Red List are to provide scientifically based information on the status of species and subspecies at a global level, to draw attention to the magnitude and importance of threatened biodiversity, to influence national and international policy and decision-making, and to provide information to guide actions to conserve biological diversity. Major species assessors include BirdLife International, the Institute of Zoology (the research division of the Zoological Society of London), the World Conservation Monitoring Centre, and many Specialist Groups w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fish Of Peru
A fish (: fish or fishes) is an aquatic, anamniotic, gill-bearing vertebrate animal with swimming fins and a hard skull, but lacking limbs with digits. Fish can be grouped into the more basal jawless fish and the more common jawed fish, the latter including all living cartilaginous and bony fish, as well as the extinct placoderms and acanthodians. In a break to the long tradition of grouping all fish into a single class (Pisces), modern phylogenetics views fish as a paraphyletic group. Most fish are cold-blooded, their body temperature varying with the surrounding water, though some large active swimmers like white shark and tuna can hold a higher core temperature. Many fish can communicate acoustically with each other, such as during courtship displays. The study of fish is known as ichthyology. The earliest fish appeared during the Cambrian as small filter feeders; they continued to evolve through the Paleozoic, diversifying into many forms. The earliest fish wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Engraulis
''Engraulis'' is a genus of anchovies. It currently contains nine species. They are found in Pacific, Atlantic and Mediterranean The Mediterranean Sea ( ) is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the east by the Levant in West Asia, on the north by Anatolia in West Asia and Southern ... sea, as well. Species ''Engraulis'' contains the following species: * ''Engraulis albidus'' Philippe Borsa, Borsa, Adeline Collet, Collet & Jean-Dominique Durand, J. D. Durand, 2004 (White anchovy) * ''Engraulis anchoita'' Carl Leavitt Hubbs, C. L. Hubbs & Tomás Leandro Marini, Marini, 1935 (Argentine anchoita) * ''Engraulis australis'' (George Shaw (biologist), Shaw, 1790) (Australian anchovy) * ''Engraulis capensis'' John Dow Fisher Gilchrist, Gilchrist, 1913 (Southern African anchovy) * ''European anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus'' (Carl Linnaeus, Linnaeus, 10th edition of Systema Naturae, 1758) (Euro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Resource Rent
In economics, rent is a surplus value after all costs and normal returns have been accounted for, i.e. the difference between the price at which an output from a resource can be sold and its respective extraction and production costs, including normal return. This concept is usually termed economic rent but when referring to rent in natural resources such as coastal space or minerals, it is commonly called resource rent. It can also be conceptualised as abnormal or supernormal profit. In practice, identifying and measuring (or collecting) resource rent is not straightforward. At any point in time, rent depends on the availability of information, market conditions, technology and the system of property rights used to govern access to and management of resources. Categories of rent Rent can be categorised into different kinds depending on how it is created. In general one can distinguish three different kinds of rent, which can also occur together: differential, scarcity, and entr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Culinary Name
Culinary names, menu names, or kitchen names are names of foods used in the preparation or selling of food, as opposed to their names in agriculture or in scientific nomenclature. The menu name may even be different from the kitchen name. For example, from the 19th until the mid-20th century, many restaurant menus were written in French and not in the local language. Examples include veal ( calf), calamari (squid), and sweetbreads (pancreas or thymus gland). Culinary names are especially common for fish and seafood, where multiple species are marketed under a single familiar name. Examples Foods may come to have distinct culinary names for a variety of reasons: * Euphemism: the idea of eating some foods may disgust or offend some eaters regardless of their actual taste ** Testicles: Rocky Mountain oysters, Prairie oysters, lamb fries, or animelles ** Fish milt: soft roe or white roe to disguise that is actually sperm not eggs ** Thymus gland and pancreas gland: sweetbrea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alan García
Alan Gabriel Ludwig García Pérez (; 23 May 1949 – 17 April 2019) was a Peruvian politician who served as President of Peru for two non-consecutive terms from 1985 to 1990 and from 2006 to 2011. He was the second leader of the American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (APRA), and was its only member to have served as List of Presidents of Peru, President. Mentored by the founder of the APRA, Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre, he served in the Constituent Assembly of Peru, Constituent Assembly of 1978–1979. Elected to the Peruvian Congress in 1980 Peruvian general election, 1980, he rose to the position of General Secretary of the APRA in 1982, and was elected to the presidency in 1985 Peruvian general election, 1985 in a landslide. García's first presidential term was marked by a severe economic crisis, social unrest and violence. At the conclusion of his first presidency, he was accused and investigated for corruption and illicit enrichment. In 1992, he filed for asylum followi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fishmeal
Fish meal (sometimes spelled fishmeal) is a commercial product made from whole wild-caught fish, bycatch, and fish by-products to feed farm animals, such as pigs, poultry, and farmed fish.R. D. Miles and F. A. Chapman.FA122: The Benefits of Fish Meal in Aquaculture DietsFisheries and Aquatic Sciences Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date November 2005. Reviewed January 2015. Because it is calorically dense and cheap to produce, fish meal has played a critical role in the growth of factory farms and the number of farm animals it is possible to breed and feed. Fish meal takes the form of powder or cake. This form is obtained by drying the fish or fish trimmings, and then grinding it. If the fish used is a fatty fish, it is first pressed to extract most of the fish oil.M. L. Windsor for the UK Department of Trade and Industry, Torry Research StationFish meal. Torry Advisory Note No. 49 Published by FAO in partnership with Support unit for International Fisheries a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Production (Peru)
The Ministry of Production (, PRODUCE) of Peru is the government ministry charged with formulating, approving, executing, and supervising all levels of production, industry, manufacturing, and fishing. , the minister of production is Ana María Choquehuanca. History The ministry was created in July 2002, by Law 27779 which incorporated two ministries into a single entity: the Ministry of Fishing (, MIP), originally created on , and parts of the Ministry of Industry, Tourism, Integration and International Trade Negotiations. The merging of the former led to a decrease in the fishing sector, leading to calls by fishermen to reactivate the ministry. Organisation * General Secretariat * Vice Ministry of MSMEs and Industry ** Directorate-General of MSMEs and Cooperatives ** Directorate-General of Industry * Vice Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture ** Directorate-General of Aquaculture ** Directorate-General of Artisanal Fisheries ** Directorate-General of Fisheries Extraction an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
