Alloisoleucine
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Alloisoleucine
Alloisoleucine is an amino acid with the formula . It exists as two enantiomers, of which the L derivative occurs naturally. L-Alloisoleucine occurs in healthy serum in only trace amounts, except for individuals suffering from maple syrup urine disease. Structure Together with valine, leucine, and isoleucine, alloisoleucine is classified as a branched-chain amino acid (BCAA). It is the rarest of the four. L-Alloisoleucine is a diastereomer of the proteogenic amino acid L-isoleucine. The stereochemistry of the isobutyl group differs for L-alloisoleucine and L-isoleucine. Role in biosynthesis L-''allo''-isoleucine is a precursor to coronamic acid, which is a constituent of the phytotoxin coronatine, produced by ''Pseudomonas syringae''. References {{Amino acids Alpha-Amino acids Branched-chain amino acids ...
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Branched-chain Amino Acid
A branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) is an amino acid having an aliphatic substituent, side-chain with a branch (a central carbon atom bound to three or more carbon atoms). Among the proteinogenic amino acids, there are three BCAAs: leucine, isoleucine, and valine. Non-proteinogenic BCAAs include 2-Aminoisobutyric acid, 2-aminoisobutyric acid and alloisoleucine. The three proteinogenic BCAAs are among the nine essential amino acids for humans, accounting for 35% of the essential amino acids in muscle proteins and 40% of the preformed amino acids required by mammals. Synthesis for BCAAs occurs in all locations of plants, within the plastids of the cell, as determined by presence of Messenger RNA, mRNAs which encode for enzymes in the metabolic pathway. Oxidation of BCAAs may increase fatty acid oxidation and play a role in obesity. Physiologically, BCAAs take on roles in the immune system and in brain function. BCAAs are broken down effectively by dehydrogenase and decarboxylase ...
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