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Zuzan
Zuzan () is a village in, and the capital of, Zuzan Rural District of Jolgeh Zuzan District, Khaf County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Qasemabad, now a city. History The earliest artifacts of Zuzan date back to the 4th century. Zuzan was the site of an medieval city, flourishing most notably during the reign of the Khwarazmian Empire. Zuzan was at a distance of other major medieval metropolises such as Khargerd, Nishapur, Herat, Jam, and Merv. The city was rectangularly planned and contained irrigation systems and dams. Most of the historical remnants of the city have been lost to time, but two major historical monuments remain, the Zuzan Madrasa and thMalek Zuzan Mosque The historical city is on the Iranian tentative list for UNESCO World Heritage nomination. Zuzan Madrasa Although only parts of the inscription containing the date of the monument remain, this monument can be dated to 1219. Andre Goda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zuzan Rural District
Zuzan Rural District () is in Jolgeh Zuzan District of Khaf County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Zuzan. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Qasemabad, now a city. Demographics Population At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population was 5,972 in 1,264 households. There were 6,561 inhabitants in 1,643 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 7,002 in 1,882 households. The most populous of its 25 villages was Zuzan Zuzan () is a village in, and the capital of, Zuzan Rural District of Jolgeh Zuzan District, Khaf County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Qasemabad, now a city. History The e ..., with 2,677 people. See also Notes References Rural Districts of Razavi Khorasan province Populated places in Khaf County {{Khaf-geo-st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jolgeh Zuzan District
Jolgeh Zuzan District () is in Khaf County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Qasemabad. The district contains the UNESCO world heritage site of Zuzan Zuzan () is a village in, and the capital of, Zuzan Rural District of Jolgeh Zuzan District, Khaf County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Qasemabad, now a city. History The e .... Demographics Population At the time of the 2006 National Census, the district's population was 18,928 in 4,062 households. The following census in 2011 counted 19,523 people in 4,782 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the district as 22,062 inhabitants in 5,854 households. Administrative divisions See also Notes References Districts of Razavi Khorasan province Populated places in Khaf County {{Khaf-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qasemabad, Khaf
Qasemabad () is a city in, and the capital of, Jolgeh Zuzan District of Khaf County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. As a village, it was the capital of Zuzan Rural District until its capital was transferred to the village of Zuzan Zuzan () is a village in, and the capital of, Zuzan Rural District of Jolgeh Zuzan District, Khaf County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Qasemabad, now a city. History The e .... Demographics Population At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 4,022 in 850 households. The following census in 2011 counted 4,414 people in 1,025 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 5,145 people in 1,390 households. See also Notes References Cities in Razavi Khorasan province Populated places in Khaf County {{Khaf-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khaf County
Khaf County () is in Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Khaf. History After the 2016 National Census, the village of Sedeh was elevated to the status of a city. Demographics Population At the time of the 2006 census, the county's population was 108,964 in 23,896 households. The following census in 2011 counted 121,859 people in 29,923 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the county as 138,972 in 36,399 households. Administrative divisions Khaf County's population history and administrative structure over three consecutive censuses are shown in the following table. Archaeology The historical city of Zuzan is located close to Khaf and has been submitted to World Heritage tentative lists by UNESCO The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO ) is a List of specialized agencies of the United Nations, specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) with the aim of promoting world peace and In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hamza Ibn Ali Ibn Ahmad
Hamza ibn Ali ibn Ahmed (; –c. 1021) was an 11th-century Persian Ismai'li missionary and founding leader of the Druze. He was born in Zuzan in Greater Khorasan in Samanid-ruled Persia (modern Khaf, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran), and preached his heterodox strand of Isma'ilism in Cairo during the reign of the Fatimid caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah. According to Hamza, al-Hakim was God made manifest. Despite opposition from the established Isma'ili clergy, Hamza persisted, apparently being tolerated or even patronized by al-Hakim himself, and set up a parallel hierarchy of missionaries in Egypt and Syria. Following al-Hakim's disappearance—or, most likely, assassination—in February 1021, Hamza and his followers were persecuted by the new regime. Hamza himself announced his retirement in his final epistle to his followers, in which he also promised that al-Hakim would soon return and usher the end times. Hamza disappeared thereafter, although one contemporary source claims ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abu Sahl Zawzani
Abu Sahl Muhammad ibn Husayn (or Hasan) Zawzani (), better known as Abu Sahl Zawzani (; also spelled Zuzani), was a Persian statesman who served as the chief secretary of the Ghaznavids briefly in 1040, and later from 1041 to an unknown date. Zawzani died in 1054. Biography Origins and service under Mahmud The son of a prominent religious scholar from Zawzan named Husayn or Hasan, Zawzani is first mentioned as serving as the lecturer to the sons of Sultan Mahmud's '' vizier'' Ahmad Maymandi, whom two of them are known; Abd al-Razzaq Maymandi and Sa'id Maymandi. However, when Ahmad Maymandi and his sons fell into disfavor and were imprisoned, Zawzani eulogized Ahmad's successor Hasanak Mikali. Zawzani later became the assistant of prince Mas'ud I, who then served as the governor of Herat. Zawzani quickly rose to high prominence, but this resulted in him being suspected of heresy by his jealous opponents. However, the historian Abul-Fazl Bayhaqi, who knew Zawzani, dismi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Madrasa
Madrasa (, also , ; Arabic: مدرسة , ), sometimes Romanization of Arabic, romanized as madrasah or madrassa, is the Arabic word for any Educational institution, type of educational institution, secular or religious (of any religion), whether for elementary education or higher learning. In countries outside the Arab world, the word usually refers to a specific type of religious school or college for the study of the religion of Islam (loosely equivalent to a Seminary, Christian seminary), though this may not be the only subject studied. In an Islamic architecture, architectural and historical context, the term generally refers to a particular kind of institution in the historic Muslim world which primarily taught Sharia, Islamic law and Fiqh, jurisprudence (''fiqh''), as well as other subjects on occasion. The origin of this type of institution is widely credited to Nizam al-Mulk, a vizier under the Seljuk Empire, Seljuks in the 11th century, who was responsible for buildi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
André Godard
André Godard (21 January 1881 – 31 July 1965) was a French archaeologist, architect and historian of French and Middle Eastern Art. He served as the director of the Iranian Archeological Service for many years. Life Godard was a graduate of the École des Beaux-Arts of Paris, he studied Middle Eastern archaeology, particularly that of Iran, and later became known for designing the National Museum of Iran, where he was appointed inaugural director in 1936. He was also instrumental in the design of the University of Tehran campus. He made his first trip to the Middle East in 1910 with Henri Violle. Together, they began to excavate the ancient ruins of Samarra, located in modern-day Iraq. The ruins were fully excavated a few years later by German-born archaeologist Ernst Herzfeld. Godard returned to his architectural studies in 1912, focusing on Islamic architecture of Egypt. After World War I, Godard married Yeda Reuilly. The Delegation of French Archaeology in Afghanistan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanifa (; September 699 CE – 767 CE) was a Muslim scholar, jurist, theologian, ascetic,Pakatchi, Ahmad and Umar, Suheyl, "Abū Ḥanīfa", in: ''Encyclopaedia Islamica'', Editors-in-Chief: Wilferd Madelung and, Farhad Daftary. and eponym of the Hanafi school of Sunni jurisprudence, which remains the most widely practiced to this day. His school predominates in Central and South Asia, Turkey, the Balkans, Russia, and some parts of the Arab world. Sources disagree on exactly where he was born, whether in Kufa (held by the majority), Kabul, Anbar, Nasa or Termez. Abu Hanifa traveled to the Hejaz region of Arabia in his youth, where he studied in the Islamic holy cities of Mecca and Medina. He was named by al-Dhahabi as "one of the geniuses of the sons of Adam" who "combined jurisprudence, worship, scrupulousness, and generosity". As his career as a jurist and theologian progressed, he became known for favoring the use of reason in his jurisprudential rulings, and eve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hanafi School
The Hanafi school or Hanafism is the oldest and largest Madhhab, school of Islamic jurisprudence out of the four schools within Sunni Islam. It developed from the teachings of the Faqīh, jurist and theologian Abu Hanifa (), who systemised the use of reasoning (). Hanafi legal theory primarily derives law from the Quran, the sayings and practices of Muhammad (''sunnah''), scholarly consensus () and analogical reasoning (), but also considers juristic discretion () and local customs (). It is distinctive in its greater usage of ''qiyas'' than other schools. The school spread throughout the Muslim world under the patronage of various Islamic empires, including the Abbasids and Seljuk Empire, Seljuks. The Central Asian region of Transoxiana emerged as a centre of classical Hanafi scholarship between the 10th and 12th centuries, which gave rise to the Maturidi school of theology. The Ottoman Empire adopted Hanafism as its official school of law and influenced the legal thought of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the northeast, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, and the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south. With a Ethnicities in Iran, multi-ethnic population of over 92 million in an area of , Iran ranks 17th globally in both List of countries and dependencies by area, geographic size and List of countries and dependencies by population, population. It is the List of Asian countries by area, sixth-largest country entirely in Asia and one of the world's List of mountains in Iran, most mountainous countries. Officially an Islamic republic, Iran is divided into Regions of Iran, five regions with Provinces of Iran, 31 provinces. Tehran is the nation's Capital city, capital, List of cities in Iran by province, largest city and financial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ghurid Dynasty
The Ghurid dynasty (also spelled Ghorids; ; self-designation: , ''Šansabānī'') was a Persianate dynasty of eastern Iranian Tajik origin, which ruled from the 8th-century in the region of Ghor, and became an Empire from 1175 to 1215. The Ghurids were centered in the hills of the Ghor region in the present-day central Afghanistan, where they initially started out as local chiefs. They gradually converted to Sunni Islam after the conquest of Ghor by the Ghaznavid ruler Mahmud of Ghazni in 1011. The Ghurids eventually overran the Ghaznavids when Muhammad of Ghor seized Lahore and expelled the Ghaznavids from their last stronghold. The Ghurids initially ruled as vassals of the Ghaznavids and later of the Seljuks. However, during the early twelfth century the long-standing rivalry between the Seljuks and Ghaznavids created a power vacuum in eastern Afghanistan and Panjab which the Ghurids took advantage of and began their territorial expansion. Ala al-Din Husayn ended the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
