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Zuckerzeit
''Zuckerzeit'' ( German: ''Sugar Time'') is the third studio album by German band Cluster, released in 1974 on Brain Records. It was co-produced by Michael Rother, their bandmate in side-project Harmonia. The music on ''Zuckerzeit'' marks a shift from Cluster's abrasive early work toward a more rhythmic, pop-oriented sound. ''Pitchfork'' ranked the album at number 63 on its list of the top 100 albums of the 1970s, while writer and musician Julian Cope included ''Zuckerzeit'' in his "Krautrock Top 50" list. Background ''Zuckerzeit'' was recorded following Cluster's move from West Berlin to the countryside of Forst, and came after their collaboration with Neu! guitarist Michael Rother on the 1973 Harmonia album '' Musik von Harmonia''. The album's short instrumental tracks marked the group's shift toward a pop-oriented style which utilized cheap drum machines and synthesizers. Each track is a solo composition, with the two members recording separately on different days; ''The Qu ...
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Cluster (band)
Cluster was a German musical duo consisting of Hans-Joachim Roedelius and Dieter Moebius, formed in 1971 and associated with West Germany's krautrock and kosmische music scenes.Bush, John. Allmusic: Cluster Retrieved 24 February 2005. Originating from the earlier Berlin-based group Kluster, the duo relocated in 1971 to the countryside village of Forst, Lower Saxony, where they built a studio and collaborated with musicians such as Conny Plank, Brian Eno, and Michael Rother. With Rother, they formed the influential side project Harmonia. Cluster disbanded in 1981 but reunited twice, from 1989 to 1997 and again from 2007 to 2010. AllMusic described Cluster as "the most important and consistently underrated space rock unit of the '70s." Music historian Julian Cope included three Cluster albums—'' Cluster II'' (1972), '' Zuckerzeit'' (1974), and '' Sowiesoso'' (1976)—in his ''Krautrock Top 50''. ''The Wire'' included their debut album in its list of "One Hundred Records T ...
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Cluster II (album)
''Cluster II'' is the second full-length album by German electronic music act Cluster, released in 1972 by record label Brain. Production It is their first album with the band reduced to a duo; Conny Plank, who was credited as a member on the first album, decided to concentrate on production and engineering. Plank is still credited as a composer together with Hans-Joachim Roedelius and Dieter Moebius on all tracks. ''Cluster II'' was recorded at Star-Studio in Hamburg, Germany in January 1972. It was Cluster's first release for legendary krautrock label Brain, a relationship which would last until 1975 and include the subsequent album ''Zuckerzeit'' as well as the first two Harmonia albums, a group which included both remaining members of Cluster and Michael Rother of Neu!. Content ''Cluster II'' continued the transition away from the discordant, proto- industrial sound of Kluster towards a more electronic sound. It was the first album to feature relatively short tracks a ...
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Brain Records
Brain was a Hamburg-based record label prominent in the 1970s releasing several important Krautrock records by bands such as Neu!, Cluster and Guru Guru. Many of its more prominent records are currently being reissued on CD by Repertoire Records. In the middle of 1971, Rolf-Ulrich Kaiser's management style at Ohr caused two of his A&R men, Bruno Wendel and Günter Körber, to leave Ohr and set up their own record company, which they called Brain. Wendel & Korber brought Guru Guru with them from Ohr, and immediately signed Cluster, who had recorded one LP for Philips; they soon recorded and released ''Cluster II''. Brain was rapidly a success throughout West Germany and much of western Europe, although had little presence in the US. Signings throughout the seventies and into the eighties included Neu!, Cluster, Harmonia, Klaus Schulze, Edgar Froese, Guru Guru, Grobschnitt, Novalis, Jane, Birth Control, Embryo, Popol Vuh, Curly Curve, Scorpions, Electric Sun, Accept and ...
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Harmonia (band)
Harmonia was a West German musical "supergroup (music), supergroup" formed in 1973 as a collaboration between members of two prominent krautrock bands: Cluster (band), Cluster's Hans-Joachim Roedelius and Dieter Moebius joined by Neu! guitarist Michael Rother. Living and recording in the rural village of Forst, Lower Saxony, Forst, the trio released two albums—''Musik von Harmonia'' (1974) and ''Deluxe (Harmonia album), Deluxe'' (1975)—to limited sales before dissolving in 1976. AllMusic described the group as "one of the most legendary in the entire krautrock/kosmische musik, kosmische scene." In 1997, a series of shelved 1976 collaborations between Harmonia and British musician Brian Eno saw release as ''Tracks and Traces''; it was reissued with more unearthed material in 2009. Following the release of the live album ''Live 1974'' (2007), the trio reformed between 2007 and 2009. In 2015, Grönland Records released the 6-disc box set ''Complete Works'', featuring remastered r ...
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Sowiesoso
''Sowiesoso'' (from ) is the fourth studio album by German electronic music band Cluster, released in 1976. It was Cluster's first release for Sky Records. ''Sowiesoso'' was recorded in just two days in Forst, Germany in 1976 and mixed at Conny's Studio in Wolperath. Background Brian Eno had worked with Dieter Moebius and Hans-Joachim Roedelius with Harmonia prior to the recording of ''Sowiesoso'' and worked with Cluster again on two albums in 1977 and 1978. The influence of the British ambient musician is clearly heard on the softer and more controlled sound of ''Sowiesoso''. Reviewer Russ Curry describes the album as "a fully realized marriage of electronic sounds with a pastoral warmth." Kevin Warwick of the ''Chicago Reader'' noted that the album's focus on "ambient electronic soundscapes" represented a divergence from the "motorik grooves" explored by Cluster's krautrock contemporaries. Release ''Sowiesoso'' was Cluster's first release for the label Sky Records. Sky w ...
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Krautrock
Krautrock (also called , German for ) is a broad genre of experimental rock that developed in Germany in the late 1960s and early 1970s. It originated among artists who blended elements of psychedelic rock, avant-garde composition, and electronic music, among other eclectic sources. Common elements included hypnotic rhythms, extended improvisation, musique concrète techniques, and early synthesizers, while the music generally moved away from the rhythm & blues roots and song structure found in traditional rock music. Prominent groups associated with the krautrock label included Neu!, Can, Faust, Tangerine Dream, Kraftwerk, Cluster, Ash Ra Tempel, Popol Vuh, Amon Düül II and Harmonia. The term "krautrock" was popularised by British music journalists as a humorous umbrella-label for the diverse German scene, and although many such artists disliked the term, it is no longer considered controversial by German artists in the 21st century. Despite this, English-languag ...
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Kosmische Musik
Krautrock (also called , German for ) is a broad genre of experimental rock that developed in Germany in the late 1960s and early 1970s. It originated among artists who blended elements of psychedelic rock, avant-garde composition, and electronic music, among other eclectic sources. Common elements included hypnotic rhythms, extended improvisation, musique concrète techniques, and early synthesizers, while the music generally moved away from the rhythm & blues roots and song structure found in traditional rock music. Prominent groups associated with the krautrock label included Neu!, Can, Faust, Tangerine Dream, Kraftwerk, Cluster, Ash Ra Tempel, Popol Vuh, Amon Düül II and Harmonia. The term "krautrock" was popularised by British music journalists as a humorous umbrella-label for the diverse German scene, and although many such artists disliked the term, it is no longer considered controversial by German artists in the 21st century. Despite this, English-language authors rem ...
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Wah-wah Pedal
A wah-wah pedal, or simply wah pedal, is a type of effects pedal designed for electric guitar that alters the timbre of the input signal to create a distinctive sound, mimicking the human voice saying the onomatopoeic name "wah-wah". The pedal sweeps a band-pass filter up and down in frequency to create a spectral glide. The wah-wah effect originated in the 1920s, with trumpet or trombone players finding they could produce an expressive crying tone by moving a mute in, and out of the instrument's bell. This was later simulated with electronic circuitry for the electric guitar when the wah-wah pedal was invented. It is controlled by movement of the player's foot on a rocking pedal connected to a potentiometer. Wah-wah effects may be used without moving the treadle as a fixed filter to alter an instrument’s timbre (known as a "cocked-wah"), or to create a "wacka-wacka" funk-styled rhythm for rhythm guitar playing. An auto-wah pedal uses an envelope follower to control th ...
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Vibrato
Vibrato (Italian language, Italian, from past participle of "wikt:vibrare, vibrare", to vibrate) is a musical effect consisting of a regular, pulsating change of pitch (music), pitch. It is used to add expression to vocal and instrumental music. Vibrato is typically characterized in terms of two factors: the amount of pitch variation ("extent of vibrato") and the speed with which the pitch is varied ("rate of vibrato"). In singing, it can occur spontaneously through variations in the larynx. The vibrato of a string instrument and wind instrument is an imitation of that vocal function. Vibrato can also be reproduced mechanically (Leslie speaker) or electronically as an Audio signal processing, audio effect close to Chorus (audio effect), chorus. Terminology History Descriptions of what would now be characterised as vibrato go back to the 16th century. However, no evidence exists of authors using the term vibrato before the 19th century. Instead, authors used various descrip ...
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Drum Machine
A drum machine is an electronic musical instrument that creates percussion sounds, drum beats, and patterns. Drum machines may imitate drum kits or other percussion instruments, or produce unique sounds, such as synthesized electronic tones. A drum machine often has pre-programmed beats and patterns for popular genres and styles, such as pop music, rock music, and dance music. Most modern drum machines made in the 2010s and 2020s also allow users to program their own rhythms and beats. Drum machines may create sounds using Analog synthesizer, analog synthesis or play prerecorded Sampling (music), samples. While a distinction is generally made between drum machines (which can play back pre-programmed or user-programmed beats or patterns) and electronic drums (which have pads that can be struck and played like an acoustic drum kit), there are some drum machines that have buttons or pads that allow the performer to play drum sounds "live", either on top of a programmed drum beat or ...
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Delay (audio Effect)
Delay is an audio signal processing technique that records an input signal to a storage medium and then plays it back after a period of time. When the delayed playback is electronic mixer, mixed with the live audio, it creates an echo-like effect, whereby the original audio is heard followed by the delayed audio. The delayed signal may be played back multiple times, or fed back into the recording, to create the sound of a repeating, decaying echo. Delay effects range from a subtle echo effect to a pronounced blending of previous sounds with new sounds. Delay effects can be created using tape loops, an approach developed in the 1940s and 1950s and used by artists including Elvis Presley and Buddy Holly. Analog effects units were introduced in the 1970s; digital effects pedals in 1984; and audio plug-in software in the 2000s. History The first delay effects were achieved using tape loops improvised on reel-to-reel audio tape recording systems. By shortening or lengthening the loo ...
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Frieze (magazine)
''Frieze'' is an international contemporary art magazine, published eight times a year from London. The publication is part of the London and New York–based media and events company Frieze. Frieze comprises two publications, ''frieze'' magazine and ''Frieze Week'', as well as international art fairs in London, Los Angeles, New York and Seoul. Its permanent exhibition space, No.9 Cork Street, is located in Mayfair, London. Frieze is part of IMG which owned by Endeavor. History ''Frieze'' was founded in 1991 by Amanda Sharp and Matthew Slotover, with artist Tom Gidley. The inaugural issue featured a Damien Hirst butterfly painting as its cover, and the magazine became closely linked with the Young British Artists movement of the 1990s. Sharp and Slotover ceased direct involvement in editorial decisions in 2001. In 2003, the year that the Frieze Art Fair was founded, Sharp and Slotover assumed the roles of Publishing Directors of the magazine, and Directors of the fair. ...
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