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Zu Jia
Zu Jia (祖甲) (died in the middle of the 12th century BC) or Di Jia (帝甲), personal name Zǐ Zǎi (子載), was a Shang dynasty King of China. He was the third recorded son of Wu Ding, the first Chinese monarch verified by contemporary records. Having inherited a large realm built up by his father and brother, he led the Shang kingdom through its last brief period of stability. After his reign, Shang went into irreversible decline. Zu Jia reigned during the first half of the 12th century BC, from the city of Yin, the ancient historical capital of the Shang. He is known to have started religious and succession reforms to solve previously concerning problems. His period marked the rise of Predynastic Zhou, which began to develop more complex relations with the Shang court after Wu Ding's death. Early life Little is known about Zu Jia's early life. He was a royal member of the Shang dynasty, which had been ruling the Yellow River valley since the 16th century BC. He was one ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Family Name
In many societies, a surname, family name, or last name is the mostly hereditary portion of one's personal name that indicates one's family. It is typically combined with a given name to form the full name of a person, although several given names and surnames are possible in the full name. In modern times most surnames are hereditary, although in most countries a person has a right to name change, change their name. Depending on culture, the surname may be placed either at the start of a person's name, or at the end. The number of surnames given to an individual also varies: in most cases it is just one, but in Portuguese-speaking countries and many Spanish-speaking countries, two surnames (one inherited from the mother and another from the father) are used for legal purposes. Depending on culture, not all members of a family unit are required to have identical surnames. In some countries, surnames are modified depending on gender and family membership status of a person. C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rong People
Xirong () or Rong were various people who lived primarily in and around the western extremities of ancient China (in modern Gansu and Qinghai). They were known as early as the Shang dynasty (1765–1122 BCE), as one of the Four Barbarians that frequently (and often violently) interacted with the sinitic Huaxia civilization. They typically resided to the west of Guanzhong Plains from the Zhou dynasty (1046–221 BCE) onwards. They were mentioned in some ancient Chinese texts as perhaps genetically and linguistically related to the people of the Chinese civilization. Etymology The historian Li Feng says that during the Western Zhou period, since the term ''Rong'' "warlike foreigners" was "often used in bronze inscriptions to mean 'warfare', it is likely that when a people was called 'Rong', the Zhou considered them as political and military adversaries rather than as cultural and ethnic 'others'." Paul R. Goldin also proposes that ''Rong'' was a "pseudo-ethnonym" meaning "belli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Table Of Chinese Monarchs
The Chinese monarchs were the rulers of China during Ancient and Imperial periods. The earliest rulers in traditional Chinese historiography are of mythological origin, and followed by the Xia dynasty of highly uncertain and contested historicity. During the subsequent Shang () and Zhou (1046–256 BCE) dynasties, rulers were referred to as ''Wang'' , meaning king. China was fully united for the first time by Qin Shi Huang (259–210 BCE), who established the first Imperial dynasty, adopting the title '' Huangdi'' (), meaning Emperor, which remained in use until the Imperial system's fall in 1912. At no point during Ancient or Imperial China was there a formalized means to confer legitimate succession between rulers. From the Zhou dynasty onwards, monarchs justified their reigns by claiming the Mandate of Heaven (; ''Tiānmìng''). The mandate held that a ruler and their successors had permission from the heavens to rule as long as they did so effectively. It also declar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press was the university press of the University of Cambridge. Granted a letters patent by King Henry VIII in 1534, it was the oldest university press in the world. Cambridge University Press merged with Cambridge Assessment to form Cambridge University Press and Assessment under Queen Elizabeth II's approval in August 2021. With a global sales presence, publishing hubs, and offices in more than 40 countries, it published over 50,000 titles by authors from over 100 countries. Its publications include more than 420 academic journals, monographs, reference works, school and university textbooks, and English language teaching and learning publications. It also published Bibles, runs a bookshop in Cambridge, sells through Amazon, and has a conference venues business in Cambridge at the Pitt Building and the Sir Geoffrey Cass Sports and Social Centre. It also served as the King's Printer. Cambridge University Press, as part of the University of Cambridge, was a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wu Yi Of Shang
Wu Yi (), personal name Zi Qu (子瞿) was List of Chinese monarchs, king of the Shang dynasty of ancient China from 1147 to 1112 BC. According to the ''Bamboo Annals'', his capital was at Yinxu, Yin. He was a son of his predecessor Geng Ding and father of King Wen Ding. In the 21st year of his reign, the Zhou dynasty, Zhou leader Koufu (口父) died. Records According to the ''Bamboo Annals'', in the 24th year of the regime of Wu Yi, Zhou attacked Cheng (程) at Bi (毕) and defeated Bi. According to the ''Bamboo Annals'', in the 30th year, Zhou attacked Yiqu (义渠) and captured the king of Yiqu. According to Sima Qian, the King of Yiqu had two sons by different mothers; after the king died, they fought each other for the throne only to have Zhou defeat them both and absorb the territory of Yiqu. In the 34th year of Wǔ Yǐ's reign, King Ji of Zhou came to the capital to worship and was rewarded with 30 pieces of jade and 10 horses. In the 35th year of Wǔ Yǐ's reign, Ji a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fu Hao
Fu Hao () died 1200 BC, posthumous temple name Mu Xin (), was one of the many wives of King Wu Ding of the Shang dynasty and also served as a military general and high priestess. Fu Hao's life and military achievements are known almost entirely from the contents of her tomb, rather than from literary records. The Tomb of Fu Hao was unearthed intact in 1976 at Yinxu by archaeologist Zheng Zhenxiang, with treasures - known as her 700+ jade objects (Fu Hao was a collector, so some were already antiques), and also her collection of more than 500 bone objects, such as oracle bones (they were from her role as a religious priestess, and were used in her many rituals). Along with the jade and bone objects, Fu Hao was buried with 6 dogs, and 16 human sacrifices. Inside the pit was evidence of a wooden chamber long, wide and high containing a lacquered wooden coffin that has since completely disintegrated. The tomb of Fu Hao provides much insight into her life, her relationship with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xiao Xin
Xiao Xin (), personal name Zi Song, was a Shang dynasty King of China. Records In the ''Records of the Grand Historian'' he was listed by Sima Qian as the twentieth Shang king, succeeding his older brother Pan Geng. He was enthroned in the year of Jiawu () with Yin as his capital. He ruled for 3 years, was given the posthumous name Xiao Xin and was succeeded by his younger brother Xiao Yi. According to tradition, Xiao Xin was the 49th king of China. Oracle script inscriptions on bones A bone is a rigid organ that constitutes part of the skeleton in most vertebrate animals. Bones protect the various other organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells, store minerals, provide structure and support for the body, an ... unearthed at Yinxu alternatively record that he was the nineteenth Shang king. References {{DEFAULTSORT:Xiao Xin Kings of the Shang dynasty 13th-century BC Chinese monarchs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yang Jia Of Shang
Yang Jia () or Xiang Jia, personal name Zi He, was a Shang dynasty King of China. In the ''Records of the Grand Historian'' he was listed by Sima Qian as the eighteenth Shang king, succeeding his father's cousin Nan Geng. He was enthroned in the year of Renxu (Chinese: ) with Yan (Chinese: ) as his capital. In the third year of his reign he sent troops against the barbarians of Danshan (Chinese: ). He ruled for about 17 years (although other sources claim 7 years) before his death. He was given the posthumous name Yang Jia and was succeeded by his younger brother Pan Geng. Oracle script inscriptions on bones unearthed at Yinxu Yinxu (; ) is a Chinese archeological site corresponding to Yin, the final capital of the Shang dynasty (). Located in present-day Anyang, Henan, Yin served as the capital during the Late Shang period () which spanned the reigns of 12 Shang ki ... alternatively record that he was the seventeenth Shang king, given the posthumous name Xiang Jia (Chinese ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xiao Yi Of Shang
Xiao Yi (), personal name Zi Lian, was a Shang dynasty King of China. In the ''Records of the Grand Historian'' he was listed by Sima Qian as the twenty-first Shang king, succeeding his older brother Xiao Xin. He was enthroned with Yin as his capital. In the sixth year of his reign he ordered his son Wu Ding to live at He (Chinese: ) and study under Gan Pan (Chinese: ). He ruled for 10 years, was given the posthumous name Xiao Yi and was succeeded by his son. Oracle script inscriptions on bones unearthed at Yinxu Yinxu (; ) is a Chinese archeological site corresponding to Yin, the final capital of the Shang dynasty (). Located in present-day Anyang, Henan, Yin served as the capital during the Late Shang period () which spanned the reigns of 12 Shang ki ... alternatively record that he was the twentieth Shang king. References {{DEFAULTSORT:Xiao Yi Kings of the Shang dynasty 13th-century BC Chinese monarchs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sima Qian
Sima Qian () was a Chinese historian during the early Han dynasty. He is considered the father of Chinese historiography for the ''Shiji'' (sometimes translated into English as ''Records of the Grand Historian''), a general history of China covering more than two thousand years from the rise of the legendary Yellow Emperor and formation of the first Chinese polity to the reign of Emperor Wu of Han, during which Sima wrote. As the first universal history of the world as it was known to the ancient Chinese, the ''Shiji'' served as a model for official histories for subsequent dynasties across the Sinosphere until the 20th century. Sima Qian's father, Sima Tan, first conceived of the ambitious project of writing a complete history of China, but had completed only some preparatory sketches at the time of his death. After inheriting his father's position as court historian in the imperial court, he was determined to fulfill his father's dying wish of composing and putting together th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tai Jia
Tai Jia () or Da Jia, personal name Zǐ Zhì, was the son of Prince Da Ding and a king of the ancient Chinese Shang dynasty. Biography In the ''Records of the Grand Historian'' he was listed by Sima Qian as the fourth Shang king, succeeding his uncles Wai Bing and Zhong Ren. He was enthroned in BCE 1535 with Yi Yin as his prime minister and Bo () as his capital. He was an autocratic ruler who treated his people badly and broke his laws. A few years into his reign saw internal disorder among the court. Prime Minister Yi Yin advised him to change his ways but the headstrong king ignored the advice of the elder statesman. Eventually Yi Yin had no other choice but to exile the king to the Tonggong(, literally translated to Tung tree palace, archaic name for the tomb of Tang of Shang), in present-day Southwest Yanshi county, Henan province near the tomb of the first Shang king Tang, to repent. Sima Qian says that following the exile Yi Yin ruled the country as regent for three y ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yi Yin
Yi Yin ( zh, c= 伊 尹, born Yī Zhì ( 伊 挚), also known as A Heng ( 阿 衡)), was a Chinese politician who served as a minister of the early Shang dynasty and one of the honoured officials of the era. He helped Tang of Shang, the founder of the Shang dynasty, to defeat King Jie of Xia. Oracle inscriptions of Yi have been found, providing his social status was high. Biography Origin According to legend, Yi was a slave of a man named Youshen (). When Youshen's daughter married Tang of Shang, he became Tang's slave. He was gifted in cooking, so Tang made him his chef. While he served Tang his meals, he used this opportunity to analyse the current issues of the time, such as the bad points of Jie of Xia. He also proposed his plan to overthrow Jie of Xia. He earned Tang's trust, became Tang's right-hand man and was made 'Yin(尹)'. However, other versions of his life exist. In another story, Yi had never been enslaved. Tang had heard of him and tried five times to recruit h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
