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Zoroastrianism And Sexual Orientation
Zoroastrian views on homosexuality have traditionally been negative. Modern-day Zoroastrian communities hold a variety of views on the topic. Homosexuality in scripture Within the Gathas, the sacred hymns attributed directly to Zarathushtra, there exists a singular reference which is considered to touch upon homosexuality. This reference appears in Yasna 51.12, a rhymed verse line. In this verse, the prophet strongly condemns a figure referred to as a "sorcerer poet" or 'vaēpiia'. This term has been translated by Nanavutty to mean 'sodomite' and by Humbach to mean 'passive sodomite'. The term "vaēpiia" bears significance, in the Vedic tradition, it denotes an inspired, frenzied poet, one whose emotions, feelings, and poetry resonate with a vibration, swinging rhythm, and frenzy. However, the same term is also associated with wanton sexual behavior. In all the other Avestan works, "vaæpyö" takes on a strictly derogatory connotation related to sexuality. The Südgar Nask commen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zoroastrianism
Zoroastrianism ( ), also called Mazdayasnā () or Beh-dīn (), is an Iranian religions, Iranian religion centred on the Avesta and the teachings of Zoroaster, Zarathushtra Spitama, who is more commonly referred to by the Greek translation, Zoroaster ( ). Among the world's oldest organized faiths, its adherents exalt an Creator deity, uncreated, Omnibenevolence, benevolent, and List of knowledge deities#Persian mythology, all-wise deity known as Ahura Mazda (), who is hailed as the supreme being of the universe. Opposed to Ahura Mazda is Ahriman, Angra Mainyu (), who is personified as a List of death deities#Persian-Zoroastrian, destructive spirit and the adversary of all things that are good. As such, the Zoroastrian religion combines a Dualism in cosmology, dualistic cosmology of good and evil with an eschatological outlook predicting the Frashokereti, ultimate triumph of Ahura Mazda over evil. Opinions vary among scholars as to whether Zoroastrianism is monotheistic, polyth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Homosexuality
Homosexuality is romantic attraction, sexual attraction, or Human sexual activity, sexual behavior between people of the same sex or gender. As a sexual orientation, homosexuality is "an enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attractions" exclusively to people of the same sex or gender. It also denotes Sexual identity, identity based on attraction, related behavior, and community affiliation. Along with bisexuality and heterosexuality, homosexuality is one of the three main categories of sexual orientation within the heterosexual–homosexual continuum. Although no single theory on the cause of sexual orientation has yet gained widespread support, scientists favor Biology and sexual orientation, biological theories. There is considerably more evidence supporting nonsocial, biological causes of sexual orientation than social ones, especially for males. A major hypothesis implicates the Prenatal development, prenatal environment, specifically the organizationa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Helmut Humbach
Helmut Humbach (* December 4, 1921 in Munich; † April 3, 2017 in Mainz) was a German linguist and Iranist. He was a professor of Indo-European philology at University of Mainz. He is recognized particularly for his work on the Gathas of Zarathustra. Career After completing his military service in World War II, Helmut Humbach studied Indo-European linguistics at University of Munich under Ferdinand Sommer. In 1951 he received his doctorate and habilitated on the recommendation of Karl Hoffmann in 1954 with a translation of the Gathas. In 1956 he became a full professor of comparative linguistics at Saarland University and from 1958 for Oriental Studies at the same university. From 1961 until his retirement, he was professor of Indo-European philology at University of Mainz. In 1972, he became a fellow of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. His assistants included Jean Kellens and Prods Oktor Skjærvø. Research Helmut Humbach's research focussed on pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rohinton Fali Nariman
Rohinton Fali Nariman (born 13 August 1956) is a former judge of the Supreme Court of India. Before being elevated as a judge, he practised as a senior counsel at the Supreme Court. He was appointed the Solicitor General of India on 23 July 2011.http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article2287939.ece , Rohinton Nariman appointed Solicitor-General He also served as a member of the Bar Council of India. He was designated as a Senior Counsel by Chief Justice Manepalli Narayana Rao Venkatachaliah in 1993 at the early age of 37. Early life and education Nariman is the son of Fali Sam Nariman, a distinguished Indian jurist. He received his early education in Mumbai, at the Cathedral and John Connon School. He completed his undergraduate B.Com. degree from Shri Ram College of Commerce. He completed his Bachelor of Laws from Campus Law Centre of the Faculty of Law, University of Delhi, where he ranked 2nd in the batch. He then went to Harvard Law School for his Master of Laws degr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vendidad
The Vendidad /ˈvendi'dæd/, also known as Videvdat, Videvdad or Juddēvdād, is a collection of texts within the greater compendium of the Avesta. However, unlike the other texts of the Avesta, the ''Vendidad'' is an ecclesiastical code, not a liturgical manual. Name The name of the texts is a contraction of the Avestan language ''Vî-Daêvô-Dāta'', "Given Against the ''Daeva''s (Demons)", and as the name suggests, the ''Vendidad'' is an enumeration of various manifestations of evil spirits, and ways to confound them. According to the Denkard, a 9th-century text, the ''Vendidad'' includes all of the ''Juddēvdād nask'' of the Sasanian Avesta. This makes it the only nask that has survived in its entirety. Content The ''Vendidad'''s different parts vary widely in character and in age. Although some portions are relatively recent in origin, the subject matter of the greater part is very old. In 1877, Karl Friedrich Geldner identified the texts as being linguistically disti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daeva
A daeva (Avestan: 𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬎𐬎𐬀 ''daēuua'') is a Zoroastrian supernatural entity with disagreeable characteristics. In the Gathas, the oldest texts of the Zoroastrian canon, the ''daeva''s are " gods that are (to be) rejected". This meaning is – subject to interpretation – perhaps also evident in the Old Persian "''daiva'' inscription" of the 5th century BCE. In the ''Younger Avesta'', the daevas are divinities that promote chaos and disorder. In later tradition and folklore, the ''dēw''s (Zoroastrian Middle Persian; New Persian ''div''s) are personifications of every imaginable evil. Over time, the Daeva myth as Div became integrated to Persian mythology. ''Daeva'', the Iranian language term, shares the same origin of "Deva" of Hinduism, which is a cognate with Latin deus ("god") and Greek Zeus. While the word for the Vedic spirits and the word for the Zoroastrian entities are etymologically related, their function and thematic development is altogether d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dastur
A dastur ( ), sometimes spelt dustoor, is a term for a Zoroastrian high priest who has authority in religious matters and ranks higher than a mobad or herbad. In this specific sense, the term is used mostly among the Parsis of India. The term has also been used in a secular sense to refer to a prime minister, minister or government councillor. The first person to be accorded the title Dastur was Meherji Rana (born 1514 at Navsari). He was invited by Akbar to his court in 1578 AD. He was accorded the title in 1579 AD by the local Zoroastrian priests thus establishing a seat (Gaddi, similar to the seat of a Bhattaraka or Sankaracharya Shankaracharya (, , "Adi Shankara, Shankara-''acharya''") is a religious title used by the heads of amnaya monasteries called mathas in the Advaita Vedanta tradition of Hinduism. The title derives from Adi Shankara; teachers from the successive ...). Dastur Kaikhushru Cowasji Ravji became the eighteenth successor to the seat and title of Meherji ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
