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Zomi Re-unification Organisation
The Zomi Revolutionary Army (ZRA) is a Zomi nationalist militant group formed in 1997, following an increase in ethnic tensions between the Thadou-Kuki people and the Paite people in Churachandpur district of Manipur, India. Its parent organisation, the Zomi Re-unification Organisation, was founded in April 1993. The militant organization's leader is Thanglianpau Guite. Background The Zo identity for the Kuki-Chin language speaking people spread across Northeast India and Myanmar's Chin State began to take shape soon after World War II. The people of the then Lushai Hills district in India (present-day Mizoram) rallied behind a "Mizo" ("Zo people") identity in 1946. In 1953, the Baptist Associations of Tedim, Falam and Hakha in Myanmar's Chin State adopted Zomi ("Zo people") as their "national" name (subsuming the various tribal identities). In India's Manipur state, T. Gougin formed a "United Zomi Organisation" in 1961 and "Zomi National Congress" in 1972. The final s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Internal Conflict In Myanmar
Myanmar has been embroiled in armed conflict since 1948, when the country, then known as Burma, Burmese Declaration of Independence, gained independence from the United Kingdom. The conflict has largely been Ethnic conflict, ethnic-based, with List of ethnic armed organisations, ethnic armed organisations fighting Myanmar's armed forces, the Tatmadaw, for self-determination. Despite Ceasefires in Myanmar, numerous ceasefires and the creation of autonomous self-administered zones in 2008, armed groups continue to call for independence, Autonomous administrative division, increased autonomy, or the Federalism in Myanmar, federalisation of Myanmar. It is the world's longest ongoing civil war, spanning almost eight decades. In 1940, during World War II, Burmese intellectuals formed the Thirty Comrades, who established the Burma Independence Army (BIA) to fight against Allies of World War II, the Allies. Aung San led the Axis powers, Axis-puppet State of Burma, before switching all ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thadou People
Thadou people, also called Thadou Kukis, are the Thadou language-speaking Kuki people inhabiting Northeast India, Myanmar, Burma, and Bangladesh. "Thadou" is also the name of a particular clan among the Thadou Kukis. Other clans of Thadou Kukis include Haokip, Kipgen, Doungel, Hangshing, Mangvung etc. Identity The issues of identity with reference to "Thadou" are complex, since Thadou is the name of a clan (originating from an ancestor called Thadou), and also the name of a Thadou language, language spoken by other clans unrelated to Thadou and some clans "senior" to Thadou. There is a tendency to refer to all Thadou language-speakers as "Thadous", as if they form a tribe called "Thadou". But this is resented by some of the other clans. There is nothing to suggest that the entirety of Thadou language-speakers ever organised themselves as a tribe. The ''Gazeetteer of Manipur'' (1886) noted that the Kukis, in particular the Thadou Kukis, were organised in terms of clans rather th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kachin State
Kachin State (; Jingpho language, Kachin: ) is the northernmost administrative divisions of Myanmar, state of Myanmar. It is bordered by China to the north and east (Tibet Autonomous Region, Tibet and Yunnan, respectively), Shan State to the south, and Sagaing Region and India (Arunachal Pradesh) to the west. It lies between north latitude 23° 27' and 28° 25' longitude 96° 0' and 98° 44'. The area of Kachin State is . The capital of the state is Myitkyina. Other important towns include Bhamo, Mohnyin and Putao Town, Kachin State, Putao. Kachin State has Myanmar's highest mountain, Hkakabo Razi at , forming the southern tip of the Himalayas, and a large inland lake, Indawgyi Lake. History Kingdom of Nanzhao The Nanzhao Kingdom controlled much of Upper Burma, including modern-day Kachin State. The kingdom also used the territory as a staging ground to invade the Pyu city-states in modern-day Sagaing Region, Sagaing. E.R. Leach claimed that the Chinese referred to the Jingpo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zomi
Zomi is a collective identity adopted by some of the Kuki-Chin language-speaking people in India and Myanmar. The term means " Zo people". The groups adopting the Zomi identity reject the conventional labels " Kuki" and "Chin", popularised during the British Raj, as colonial impositions. Even though "Zomi" was originally coined as an all-encompassing identity of the Kuki-Chin-speaking people, in practice, it has proved to be divisive, with considerable number of groups continuing to use the traditional labels "Kuki" and "Chin" and only certain sections adopting the Zomi identity. The groups covered in the identity has varied with time. Compound names such as "Kuki-Zo" and "Zomi Chin" are sometimes used to paper over the divisions. Etymology The term "Zomi" combines the ancestral name "Zo" with "mi," meaning people. Evolution of the identity The Zo identity for the Kuki-Chin language speaking people spread across Northeast India and Myanmar's Chin State began to take shape ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hakha
Hakha (, ; formerly rendered Haka) is the capital of Chin State in Myanmar. Hakha is located in the northeast of Chin State, with a total area of about . The city of Hakha is located on a plateau at more than above sea level. Although relatively small in area, it is the largest city of Chin State, as well as its capital city. It is estimated that Hakha has enough land and full capacity to extend to as ten times its current township area. History Hakha was founded in around 1400 CE by the Lai ethnic group. The area was ruled by local chiefs for many generations and consisted of more than 600 houses when British troops arrived in 1889. The British occupied Hakha beginning on 19 January 1890, as part of their operation to "subdue the wild tribes" in the Arakan Hills Division, as the area was then called. The British government later established a sub-divisional office and Hakha became incorporated as a town a few years later. The first American Baptist missionary couple, Arthu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Falam
Falam (, ) is a town in north-western Burma (Myanmar) near Burma's western border with the Indian state of Mizoram. The town was founded by the Taisun tribe. The British arrived to Falam in 1892, and became an important base for British rule of the Chin Hills. After the formation of Chin State, it was the capital city until the administrative offices were moved to Hakha in 1974. It is still the regional governor of Falam District and of Falam Township. Falam is the headquarters of several important organizations, such as the Chin Baptist Convention (CBC). The population, as of 2014, is 9,092 (male:4266; female: 4826). The first school (National School of Ek Tu) established in Chin State is the No.1 Basic Education High School in Falam. Many of the buildings in Falam reflect the British occupation and its former status as the state capital. The main road (Kalay-Falam-Hakka) in the Chin mountains travel through Falam. Historical perspective The name Falam originated from Fa-hla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tedim
Tedim (, , (Tedim language, Zo: ''Tedim Khuapi'', pronounced ; is a town and the administrative seat of Tedim Township in Chin State, Myanmar. It is the second largest town in Chin State, after Hakha (the capital city of Chin State). The town's four major boroughs (''veng'') are: Sakollam, Myoma, Lawibual and Leilum. History The name "Tedim" was derived from a pool in the hills that used to twinkle in the sunlight. Therefore it was called ''te-dim'' (twinkling, shiny) in the local Tedim language (which is also called "Tedim pau"). As the Zomi lacked a formal writing system in the past, the story of Tedim mostly depends on oral tradition. Establishment of Tedim is ascribed to Gui Mang II, a powerful prince from the then ruling Guite people, Guite family in the region (c. 1600). However, due to the untimely death of Gui Lun (the fifth generation from Gui Mang II), Tedim was deserted for two generations. By the time of Pum Go, Tedim was reestablished as the political base of the G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mizoram
Mizoram is a states and union territories of India, state in northeastern India, with Aizawl as its Capital city, capital and largest city. It shares 722-kilometres (449 miles) of international borders with Bangladesh to the west, and Myanmar to the east and south, with domestic borders with the Indian states of Assam, Manipur, and Tripura. It covers an area of 21,087 square kilometres (8,139 sq mi). 91% of the area is covered by forests, making it Forest cover by state in India, the most heavily forested state in India. With an estimated population of 1.25 million in 2023, it is the List of states in India by past population, second least populated state in India. With an urbanisation rate of 51.5% it is the Urbanization in India, most urbanised state in northeast India, ranking fifth in urbanisation nationwide. One of the two official languages and most widely spoken tongue is Mizo language, Mizo, which serves as a lingua franca among various ethnic communities who speak a var ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lushai Hills District
The Mizo District, formerly called Lushai Hills District, was an autonomous district of the Indian state of Assam from 1947 till 1972 until it was granted the status of a Union Territory. This region was a significant part of Mizo history as it formally abolished the Mizo chieftainship system in 1954. It also encountered the 1959 Mautam famine, which led to the Mizo National Front uprising and the subsequent 20-year insurgency. Etymology The original name of the district, ''Lushai Hills'' district, descends from a colonial misnomer. The British, upon encountering the Lusei tribes, applied the name to the Mizo people living in the region. Early administrators assumed Lushai to mean ''head'' for ''Lu'' and ''cut'' from ''sha'' or ''shat'' referring to the clan name to mean decapitation in reference to the headhunting practices of the traditional Mizo society. The Lushai Hills District (Change of Name) Act, 1954 changed the name to Mizo district. Mizo connotes ''highlander''. Mi r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chin State
Chin State (, ) is a state in western Myanmar. Chin State is bordered by Sagaing Division and Magway Division to the east, Rakhine State to the south, the Chattogram Division of Bangladesh to the west, and the Indian states of Mizoram to the west and Manipur to the north. The population of Chin State is about 488,801 according to the 2014 census, and its capital city is Hakha. The state is named after the Chin people, an ethnic group native to Chin State and neighboring Rakhine State. Much of the state is mountainous and sparsely populated, with few transportation links and low levels of economic development. It also has Myanmar's highest poverty rate, at 58%, according to a 2017 report. History Early history Situated in the remote hilly region of the Chin Hills, Chin State was traditionally autonomous and far from their neighboring powers like Burman kingdoms in the east and Indian states in the west to reach. Until the British advancement in the region, independent ci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Northeast India
Northeast India, officially the North Eastern Region (NER), is the easternmost region of India representing both a geographic and political Administrative divisions of India, administrative division of the country. It comprises eight States and union territories of India, states—Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura (commonly known as the "Seven Sisters"), and the "brother" state of Sikkim. The region shares an international border of 5,182 kilometres (3,220 mi) (about 99 per cent of its total geographical boundary) with several neighbouring countries – it borders China to the north, Myanmar to the east, Bangladesh to the south-west, Nepal to the west, and Bhutan to the north-west. It comprises an area of , almost 8 per cent of that of India. The Siliguri Corridor connects the region to the Mainland India, rest of mainland India. The states of North Eastern Region are officially recognised under the North Eastern Council (NEC), co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kuki-Chin Languages
The Kuki-Chin languages (also called Kukish or South-Central Tibeto-Burman languages) are a branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family spoken in northeastern India, western Myanmar and southeastern Bangladesh. Most notable Kuki-Chin-speaking ethnic groups are referred to collectively as the Zo people which includes the Mizo, Kuki, Chin and Zomi people. Kuki-Chin is alternatively called ''South-Central'' Trans-Himalayan (or ''South Central'' Tibeto-Burman) by Konnerth (2018), because of negative connotations of the term "Kuki-Chin" for many speakers of languages in this group. Kuki-Chin is sometimes placed under Kuki-Chin–Naga, a geographical rather than linguistic grouping. Geographical distribution * Northwestern ("Old Kuki"): Chandel district of Manipur, India; Tamu Township of Sagaing Region, Myanmar. * Northeastern ("Kuki-Zo"): Chandel district, Churachandpur district, Kangpokpi district, Noney district, Tamenglong district, and Tengnoupal districts of Manipu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
