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Zofia Czartoryska
Princess Zofia Czartoryska (15 September 1778 – 27 February 1837) was a Polish szlachta, noblewoman. Life Zofia Czartoryska was born on 15 September 1778, in Warsaw. She was the fifth child of Countess Izabela Czartoryska née Fleming and her husband Prince Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski, though her father may actually have been Count Franciszek Ksawery Branicki. She ran a salon in Warsaw for Enlightenment era reform leaders of Poland-Lithuania. Czartoryska was regarded by her contemporaries as a great beauty and sat for numerous portraits. She married Stanisław Kostka Zamoyski on 20 May 1798, in Puławy. She is nicknamed "the mother of the Zamyoski house", as she gave birth to ten children: Konstanty Zamoyski, Konstanty (born in 1799), Andrzej Artur Zamoyski, Andrzej Artur (1800), Jan (1802), Władysław Stanisław Zamoyski, Władysław (1803), Celina (1804), Jadwiga Sapieżyna, Jadwiga (1806), Zdzisław Zamoyski, Zdzisław (1810), August (1811), Eliza (1818) and Stanisław (182 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Lefèvre
Robert Jacques François Faust Lefèvre (, 24 September 1755, in Bayeux – 3 October 1830, in Paris) was a French painter of portraits, history paintings and religious paintings. He was heavily influenced by Jacques-Louis David and his style is reminiscent of the antique. Life Robert Lefèvre made his first drawings on the papers of a procureur to whom his father had apprenticed him. With his parents' consent, he abandoned this apprenticeship and walked from Caen to Paris to become a student of Jean-Baptiste Regnault (in whose studio he met and became friends with Charles Paul Landon). At the 1791 Paris Salon he exhibited his ''Dame en velours noir'', the point of departure for his reputation. In 1805, Lefèvre painted the portrait of Josephine de Beauharnais, Empress Joséphine, and in 1807 a matching portrait of Napoléon was painted by Louis-André-Gabriel Bouchet. Napoléon gave both paintings to the city of Aachen in 1807, where they are today in the city hall and decora ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Szlachta
The ''szlachta'' (; ; ) were the nobility, noble estate of the realm in the Kingdom of Poland, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Depending on the definition, they were either a warrior "caste" or a social class, and they dominated those states by exercising szlachta's privileges, political rights and power. Szlachta as a class differed significantly from the Feudalism, feudal nobility of Western Europe. The estate was officially abolished in 1921 by the March Constitution (Poland), March Constitution."Szlachta. Szlachta w Polsce" ''Encyklopedia PWN'' The origins of the ''szlachta'' are obscure and the subject of several theories. The ''szlachta'' secured Golden Liberty, substantial and increasing political power and rights throughout its history, begin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1778 Births
Events January–March * January 18 – Third voyage of James Cook: Captain James Cook, with ships HMS ''Resolution'' and HMS ''Discovery'', first views Oʻahu then Kauaʻi in the Hawaiian Islands of the Pacific Ocean, which he names the ''Sandwich Islands''. * February 5 – In the United States: **South Carolina becomes the first state to ratify the Articles of Confederation. **General John Cadwalader shoots and seriously wounds Major General Thomas Conway in a duel after a dispute between the two officers over Conway's continued criticism of General George Washington's leadership of the Continental Army.''Harper's Encyclopaedia of United States History from 458 A. D. to 1909'', ed. by Benson John Lossing and, Woodrow Wilson (Harper & Brothers, 1910) p166 * February 6 – American Revolutionary War: In Paris, the Treaty of Alliance and the Treaty of Amity and Commerce are signed by the United States and France, signaling official French re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Samuel Agar
John Samuel Agar (1773–1858) was an English portrait painter and engraver, who exhibited his works at the Royal Academy from 1796 to 1806Bryan and at the British Institution until 1811. He did not exhibit again until 1836. He had been declared bankrupt in February of the previous year. He was at one time president of the Society of Engravers. His engravings were chiefly in stipple. They include works after Richard and Maria Cosway, and a series of allegories of the months after Edward Francis Burney, published by Rudolf Ackermann in 1807–9. His illustrations for Richard Payne Knight's ''Specimens of Ancient Sculpture, Aegyptian, Etruscan, Greek and Roman: Selected from different collections in Great Britain'' (1809), have been described by Nicholas Penny Sir Nicholas Beaver Penny (born 21 December 1949) is a British art historian. From 2008 to 2015 he was director of the National Gallery in London. Early life Penny was educated at Shrewsbury School before he studied ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Museum, Warsaw
The National Museum in Warsaw (, MNW) is a national museum in Warsaw, one of the largest museums in Poland and the largest in the capital. It comprises a rich collection of ancient art (Art of ancient Egypt, Egyptian, Art in ancient Greece, Greek, Roman art, Roman), counting about 11,000 pieces, an extensive gallery of Culture of Poland#Art, Polish painting since the 16th century and a collection of foreign painting (Art of Italy, Italian, French art, French, Flemish Baroque painting, Flemish, Dutch School (painting), Dutch, German art, German and Russian culture, Russian) including some paintings from Adolf Hitler's private collection, ceded to the museum by the Allied-occupied Germany, American authorities in post-war Germany. The museum is also home to Numismatics, numismatic collections, a gallery of applied arts and a department of oriental art, with the largest collection of Chinese art in Poland, comprising some 5,000 objects. The museum boasts the Faras Gallery at the Natio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Waleria Tarnowska
Waleria Tarnowska (December 9, 1782, – November 23, 1849) was a Polish patron of the arts and painter in her own right, known for miniatures, numerous portraits, religious paintings and drawings. Personal life Waleria Tarnowska was a daughter of Walerian Stroynowski and Aleksandra Tarnowska. On 7 September 1800, Waleria married Jan Feliks Tarnowski. She was the mother of Kazimierz, Rozalia, Jan Bogdan, Maria Felicja, Walerian, Rozalia, Wiktoria, Anna and Tadeusz Antoni; and the grandmother of Jan Dzierżysław Tarnowski, Stanisław Tarnowski, Stanisław „Czarny”, Stanisław Tarnowski (Biały), Stanisław „Biały” and Władysław Tarnowski, Władysław. Waleria was educated at home by governesses, and her teachers also included the archaeologist and historian Wawrzyniec Surowiecki, and the professor of chemistry and medicine Jędrzej Śniadecki, as well as her uncle, Hieronim Stroynowski, bishop and Rector of Vilnius University.Maria Śledzianowska „Zainteresowania ko ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wincenty De Lesseur
Wincenty Fryderyk de Lesseur, or Lesserowicz (1745, Warsaw - 31 May 1813, Warsaw) was a Polish painter, Portrait miniature, miniaturist, pastelist and caricaturist. Biography His father was a French army officer, stationed in Warsaw after the War of the Polish Succession.Brief biography from the ''Dictionary of Pastellists Before 1800'' by Neil Jeffares. He received formal art education from Marcello Bacciarelli, Marcello and Johanna Juliana Friederike Bacciarelli, Johanna Bacciarelli. During a brief stay in Vienna, he worked with Heinrich Füger. His primary patron (and customer) was King Stanisław August Poniatowski. After 1787, he served as a Chamberlain (office), chamberlain at the court. By 1804, he was sufficiently well-off to settle on his own small property near Kozery. He was renowned for his ab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lorenzo Bartolini
Lorenzo Bartolini (Prato, 7 January 1777 Florence, 20 January 1850) was an Italian sculptor who infused his neoclassicism with a strain of sentimental piety and naturalistic detail, while he drew inspiration from the sculpture of the Florentine Renaissance rather than the overpowering influence of Antonio Canova that circumscribed his Florentine contemporaries. Biography Bartolini was born in Savignano di Prato, near Prato, Tuscany. After studying at the Florentine Academy of Fine Arts, honing his skills and reputation as a modeller in alabaster, he went in 1797 to Paris, where he studied painting under Jean-Baptiste Frédéric Desmarais, and afterwards sculpture under François-Frédéric Lemot. The bas-relief ''Cleobis and Biton'', with which he gained the second prize of the Academy in 1803, at once established his fame as a sculptor and gained for him a number of influential patrons. His bas-relief of the ''Battle of Austerlitz'' was among those executed for the column ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santa Croce, Florence
The ( Italian for 'Basilica of the Holy Cross') is a minor basilica and the principal Franciscan church of Florence, Italy. It is situated on the Piazza di Santa Croce, about 800 metres southeast of the Duomo, on what was once marshland beyond the city walls. Being the burial place of notable Italians, including those from the Italian Renaissance such as Michelangelo, Galileo, and Machiavelli, as well as the poet Foscolo, political philosopher Gentile and the composer Rossini, it is also known as the Temple of the Italian Glories (). Building The basilica is the largest Franciscan church in the world. Its most notable features are its sixteen chapels, many of them decorated with frescoes by Giotto and his pupils, and its tombs and cenotaphs. Legend says that Santa Croce was founded by St Francis himself. The construction of the current church, to replace an older building, was begun on 12 May 1294, possibly by Arnolfo di Cambio, and paid for by some of the city's wealthi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB), also known colloquially as the "white death", or historically as consumption, is a contagious disease usually caused by ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis'' (MTB) bacteria. Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but it can also affect other parts of the body. Most infections show no symptoms, in which case it is known as inactive or latent tuberculosis. A small proportion of latent infections progress to active disease that, if left untreated, can be fatal. Typical symptoms of active TB are chronic cough with hemoptysis, blood-containing sputum, mucus, fever, night sweats, and weight loss. Infection of other organs can cause a wide range of symptoms. Tuberculosis is Human-to-human transmission, spread from one person to the next Airborne disease, through the air when people who have active TB in their lungs cough, spit, speak, or sneeze. People with latent TB do not spread the disease. A latent infection is more likely to become active in those with weakened I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leon Sapieha
Leon Sapieha (18 September 1803–1 September 1878), sometimes written as Leon Sapiega, was a Galician noble (''szlachcic'') and statesman. Biography Leon was born and educated in Warsaw, and studied law and economics in Paris and Edinburgh from 1820 to 1824. He began to work in the administration in the Polish (Congress) Kingdom. After the outbreak of the November Uprising in 1830, he left Russian Empire and took part in diplomatic missions of the Polish National Government in France and Great Britain. After that, he returned and participated in the Uprising in the rank of an Artillery Captain, among others in the defence of Warsaw on 6 and 7 September. He was awarded for that the Virtuti Militari Order. After the collapse of the Uprising he settled in Galicia, then part of the Austrian Empire. In 1835 Russian authorities confiscated his estates in Congress Poland as punishment for his participation in the failed Uprising. Leon Sapieha was one of the leaders of the Ruthenia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order Of The Starry Cross
The Order of the Starry Cross (also known as Order of the Star Cross or Star Cross Order; German: ''Sternkreuz-Orden'') is an imperial Austrian dynastic order for Catholic noble ladies, founded in 1668. The order still exists under the House of Habsburg-Lorraine. History The Order was founded in 1668 by Eleonora Gonzaga of Mantua, dowager empress of the Holy Roman Empire. This all-female order was confirmed by Pope Clement IX on 28 June 1668 and was placed under the spiritual management of the Prince-Bishop of Vienna. Only high-born ladies could be invested with the Order, including “princesses, countesses, and other high nobility.” Once invested, members were to “devote themselves to the service and worship of the Holy Cross, and to lead a virtuous life in the exercise of religion and works of charity.” According to legend, the Habsburg dynasty owned a piece of the True Cross on which Jesus was crucified. Though it is impossible to prove its authenticity, the holy re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
