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Zichenau (region)
''Regierungsbezirk Zichenau'' was a ''Regierungsbezirk'', or administrative region, of the Nazi German Province of East Prussia in 1939–45, established in German-occupied Polish territory during World War II. The regional capital was Zichenau (Ciechanów). It was also referred to under the designation of South East Prussia () which, however, was later sometimes also applied to Bialystok District, although the latter was not incorporated into, but merely attached to East Prussia. History The government region was created on 26 October 1939, out of Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany during World War II. The region had an area of 12,000 km2 and a population of approximately 895,000, including 800,000 Poles, 80,000 Jews, and 15,000 Germans. The Polish population was subjected to various crimes, including mass arrests, roundups, deportations to forced labour and concentration camps (including teenagers), executions, massacres (also as part of the ''Intelligenzaktion'' an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aktion T4
(German, ) was a campaign of Homicide#By state actors, mass murder by involuntary euthanasia which targeted Disability, people with disabilities and the mentally ill in Nazi Germany. The term was first used in post-WWII, war trials against doctors who had been involved in the killings. The name T4 is an abbreviation of 4, a street address of the Chancellery department set up in early 1940, in the Berlin borough of Tiergarten, Berlin, Tiergarten, which recruited and paid personnel associated with Aktion T4. Certain German physicians were authorised to select patients "deemed incurably sick, after most critical medical examination" and then administer to them a "mercy death" (). In October 1939, Adolf Hitler signed a "euthanasia note", backdated to 1 September 1939, which authorised his physician Karl Brandt and ''Reichsleiter'' Philipp Bouhler to begin the killing. The killings took place from September 1939 until the end of World War II in Europe in 1945. Between 275,00 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Institute Of National Remembrance
The Institute of National Remembrance – Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation (, abbreviated IPN) is a Polish state research institute in charge of education and archives which also includes two public prosecution service components exercising investigative, prosecution and Lustration in Poland, lustration powers. The IPN was established by the Polish parliament by the Act on the Institute of National Remembrance of 18 December 1998 through reforming and expanding the earlier Main Commission for the ''Investigation'' of Crimes against the Polish Nation of 1991, which itself had replaced the General Commission for Research on Fascist Crimes, a body established in 1945 focused on investigating the crimes of the Nazi administration in Poland during World War II. In 2018, IPN's mission statement was amended by the controversial Amendment to the Act on the Institute of National Remembrance to include "protecting the reputation of the Republic of Poland ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maków Mazowiecki
Maków Mazowiecki () is a town in Poland, in the Masovian Voivodship. It is the powiat capital of Maków County (or Powiat of Maków). Its population is 10,850. History The town obtained its town charter in 1421. It was a Polish royal town, administratively located in the Masovian Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province of the Polish Crown. A battle was fought nearby on August 19, 1920, during the Polish-Soviet War. Before 1939 about 7,000 people lived in Maków, including 4,000 Poles and 3,000 Jews. During the German invasion of Poland, which started World War II, the '' Einsatzgruppe V'' entered the town on September 10–11, 1939, commit atrocities against the population. The ''Einsatzgruppe V'' immediately carried out searches of Polish offices and organizations.Wardzyńska, p. 112 Medicines from pharmacies and local supplies of grain, sugar and rice were confiscated for the German Army. Under German occupation the name was Germanized to ''Mackeim''. In Maków, the G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Republic and, from 1922, the Soviet Union. The army was established in January 1918 by a decree of the Council of People's Commissars to oppose the military forces of the new nation's adversaries during the Russian Civil War, especially the various groups collectively known as the White Army. In February 1946, the Red Army (which embodied the main component of the Soviet Armed Forces alongside the Soviet Navy) was renamed the "Soviet Army". Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union it was split between the post-Soviet states, with its bulk becoming the Russian Ground Forces, commonly considered to be the successor of the Soviet Army. The Red Army provided the largest land warfare, ground force in the Allies of World War II, Allied victory in the European theatre of World War II, and its Soviet invasion of Manchuria, invasion of Manchuria assisted the un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet Union, it dissolved in 1991. During its existence, it was the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country by area, extending across Time in Russia, eleven time zones and sharing Geography of the Soviet Union#Borders and neighbors, borders with twelve countries, and the List of countries and dependencies by population, third-most populous country. An overall successor to the Russian Empire, it was nominally organized as a federal union of Republics of the Soviet Union, national republics, the largest and most populous of which was the Russian SFSR. In practice, Government of the Soviet Union, its government and Economy of the Soviet Union, economy were Soviet-type economic planning, highly centralized. As a one-party state go ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Looting Of Poland In World War II
The looting of Polish cultural artifacts and industrial infrastructure during World War II was carried out by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union simultaneously after the invasion of Poland of 1939. A significant portion of Poland's cultural heritage, estimated at half a million art objects, was plundered by the occupying powers. Catalogued pieces are still occasionally recovered elsewhere in the world and returned to Poland. Priceless items of art still considered missing or found in other museums include works by Bernardo Bellotto, Anna Bilińska-Bohdanowicz, Józef Brandt, Lucas Cranach the Elder, Lucas Cranach the Younger, Albrecht Dürer, Anthony van Dyck, Hans Holbein the Younger, Jacob Jordaens, Frans Luycx, Jacek Malczewski, Raphael, Rembrandt van Rijn, Peter Paul Rubens, Henryk Siemiradzki, Veit Stoss, Alfred Wierusz-Kowalski, Leon Wyczółkowski, Jan Matejko, Henri Gervex, Ludwig Buchhorn, Józef Simmler, Henri-Pierre Danloux, Jan Miense Molenaer and many others. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sierpc
Sierpc ( Polish: ) is a town in north-central Poland, in the north-west part of the Masovian Voivodeship, about northwest of Warsaw. It is the capital of Sierpc County. Its population is 18,368 (2010). Sierpc is a member of Cittaslow. History In the 10th century Sierpc was a stronghold of early Piast-ruled Poland. According to tradition, a church was built in 1003. The oldest known mention of Sierpc comes from 1155. In 1322 Sierpc received town rights. The town then was a property of Płock bishops. Its name is of Polish origin, and comes either from the word ''sierp'' ("sickle") and the name of the Sierpienica river, or from the old Polish given names Wszepraw/Siepraw or Sierpek. In 1509 Polish King Sigismund I the Old granted the local cloth manufacturers a "protective make", placed on a lead seal on a cloth base, this privilege was given to the most significant towns. Administratively it was located in the Płock Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province. In the 17th ce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pułtusk
Pułtusk () is a town in Poland, by the river Narew. Located north of Warsaw in the Masovian Voivodeship, it has a population of 19,224 as of 2023. Known for its historic architecture and Europe's longest paved marketplace ( in length), it is a popular weekend destination for the residents of Warsaw. Pułtusk is one of the oldest towns in Poland, having received town rights from Duke Siemowit I of Masovia in 1257. Throughout the 15th and 17th centuries, the settlement was a significant economic centre of Masovia. The favourable geographical placement of the town on the Narew, along which goods were transported to the port of Gdańsk on the Baltic Sea, contributed to the town's importance. Pułtusk was also the site of notable events, such as the Napoleon's 1806 battle, and the world's largest meteorite shower to date in 1868, among others. History Middle Ages The town has existed since at least the 10th century. In the Middle Ages, the Castle in Pułtusk was one of the most ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Przasnysz
Przasnysz () is a town in north-central Poland. Located in the Masovian Voivodship, about north of Warsaw and about south of Olsztyn, it is the capital of Przasnysz County. It has 18,093 inhabitants (2004). It was one of the most important towns in Mazovia during the Middle Ages. Przasnysz was granted town privileges in 1427. History The oldest traces of settlement in the area of Przasnysz come from the turn of the Bronze Age, Bronze and Iron Age (around 700 BC). In the 13th century in Przasnysz, on the Węgierka River, there was a market settlement. There was also a hunting court of the Mazovian princes, described by Henryk Sienkiewicz in ''The Knights of the Cross''. The name of the city according to folk sources comes from the miller Przaśnik (miller), Przaśnik, who hosted the stray hunting Duke Konrad I of Masovia and was then knighted with the surrounding lands. Przasnysz's rapid development was due to its favorable location on the border between two economically import ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Płońsk
Płońsk (; ) is a town in central Poland with 21,591 inhabitants (2022). Situated at the Płonka river in the historic region of Mazovia, it is the seat of Płońsk County in the Masovian Voivodeship. History According to archaeological research, the Płońsk Gord (archaeology), stronghold was built in the late 10th century within the Duchy of Poland (c. 960–1025), early Polish state. Dating back to 1155, is the first historical record confirming the existence of Płońsk. Around the castle a group of inhabitants was formed, most of whom initially worked on the land. As a result of the fragmentation of medieval Piast dynasty, Piast-ruled Poland, it was part of the duchies of Duchy of Masovia, Masovia and Płock, and then it was a royal city in Poland, royal town of the Polish Crown, administratively located in the Płock Voivodeship (1495–1793), Płock Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province, Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, Greater Poland Province. In 1400, Siemowit IV, Du ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Płock
Płock (pronounced ), officially the Ducal Capital City of Płock, is a city in central Poland, on the Vistula river, in the Masovian Voivodeship. According to the data provided by Central Statistical Office (Poland), GUS on 31 December 2021, there were 116,962 inhabitants in the city. Płock is a seat of the county (''powiat'') in the west of the Masovian Voivodeship. From 1079 to 1138 it was the List of former national capitals, capital of Poland. The Cathedral Hill (''Wzgórze Tumskie''), along with Płock Castle and the Płock Cathedral, Catholic Cathedral containing the sarcophagi of some Polish monarchs, is listed as a List of Historic Monuments (Poland), Historic Monument of Poland. It was the main city and administrative center of Mazovia in the Middle Ages before the rise of Warsaw, and later it remained a royal city in Poland, royal city of Poland.Adolf Pawiński, ''Mazowsze'', Warszawa 1895, p. 37 (in Polish) It is the cultural, academic, scientific, administrative and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
