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Zhiyan
file:智俨.jpg, Chinese carving of Zhiyan Zhiyan () (602–668) was a prominent monk of the Tang dynasty who is considered the second patriarch of the Buddhism in China, Chinese Buddhist Huayan school, Huayan school.Li, Zhihua [李治華]“An Inquiry into the Sources of Zhiyan’s Thought.” Department of Buddhist Studies, Huafan University. Huayan Studies, no. 135. [〈智儼思想來源論考〉，《華梵大學佛教學系》，《華嚴研究》，第135期。/nowiki>] He was a disciple of the foundational figure Dushun (杜順) and later became the mentor to both Fazang (法藏), who systematized Huayan doctrines, and the Korean monk Uisang (義湘). During his lifetime, Zhiyan was often referred to by honorific titles such as “Master Zhixiang” (至相大師) and “The Venerable of Yunhua” (雲華尊者). Life Zhiyan was born in the second year of the Renshou era under Emperor Wen of the Sui dynasty (602 CE). His father was Zhao Jing, who served as an assistant o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Huayan School
The Huayan school of Buddhism (, Wade–Giles: ''Hua-Yen,'' "Flower Garland," from the Sanskrit "''Avataṃsaka''") is a Mahayana, Mahayana Buddhist tradition that developed in China during the Tang dynasty, Tang dynasty (618-907).Yü, Chün-fang (2020). ''Chinese Buddhism: A Thematic History'', p. 160. University of Hawaii Press. The Huayan worldview is based primarily on the ''Buddhāvataṃsaka Sūtra'' ( zh, t=華嚴經, p=Huáyán jīng, ''Flower Garland Sutra'') as well as on the works of Huayan patriarchs, like Zhiyan (602–668), Fazang (643–712), Chengguan (monk), Chengguan (738–839), Guifeng Zongmi, Zongmi (780–841) and Li Tongxuan (635–730). Another common name for this tradition is the Xianshou school (''Xianshou'' being another name for patriarch Fazang).Hammerstrom, Erik J. (2020). ''The Huayan University network: the teaching and practice of Avataṃsaka Buddhism in twentieth-century China'', chapter 1. Columbia University Press. The Huayan School is known ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fazang
Fazang (; 643–712) was a Sogdian- Chinese Buddhist scholar, translator, and religious leader of the Tang dynasty. He was the third patriarch of the Huayan school of East Asian Buddhism, a key figure at the Chinese Imperial Court, and an influential Chinese Buddhist philosopher. Some scholars see him as the main figure in or even '' de facto'' founder of the Huayan school. Fazang's ancestors came from the Central Asian region of Sogdia, a major center for Silk Road trade, but he was born in the Tang capital of Chang'an (now Xi'an), where his family had become culturally Chinese. Fazang was known for his skill as a translator, knowledge of Sanskrit, and for his efforts to produce a new translation of an extended edition of the '' Gaṇḍavyūha sūtra.'' He also composed an original commentary on the ''Avatamsaka Sutra'', called the ''Huayan jing tanxuan ji'' (''Record of Investigating the Mystery of the Huayan jing'').Lin, Weiyu (2021)''Exegesis-philosophy interplay : intr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra
The ''Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra'' (Sanskrit: लङ्कावतारसूत्रम्, "Discourse of the Descent into Laṅkā", , Chinese: 入楞伽經) is a prominent Mahayana Buddhist sūtra. It is also titled ''Laṅkāvatāraratnasūtram'' (''The Jewel Sutra of the Entry into Laṅkā,'' Gunabhadra's Chinese title: 楞伽阿跋多羅寶經 léngqié ābáduōluó bǎojīng) and ''Saddharmalaṅkāvatārasūtra'' (''The Sutra on the Descent of the True Dharma into Laṅkā''). A subtitle to the sutra found in some sources is "''the heart of the words of all the Buddhas''" (一切佛語心 yiqiefo yuxin, Sanskrit: ''sarvabuddhapravacanahṛdaya''). The ''Laṅkāvatāra'' recounts a teaching primarily between Gautama Buddha and a bodhisattva named Mahāmati ("Great Wisdom"). The sūtra is set in mythical Laṅkā, ruled by Rāvaṇa, the king of the rākṣasas. The ''Laṅkāvatāra'' discusses numerous Mahayana topics, such as Yogācāra philosophy of mind-only (' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
East Asian Yogācāra
East Asian Yogācāra refers to the Mahayana Buddhist traditions in East Asia which developed out of the History of Buddhism in India, Indian Buddhist Yogachara, Yogācāra (lit. "yogic practice") systems (also known as ''Vijñānavāda'', "the doctrine of consciousness" or ''Cittamātra'', "mind-only"). In East Asian Buddhism, this school of Buddhist idealism was known as the "Consciousness-Only school" (). The 4th-century Gandharan brothers, Asanga, Asaṅga and Vasubandhu, are considered the classic founders of Indian Yogacara school.Siderits, Mark, ''Buddhism as philosophy'', 2017, p. 146. The East Asian tradition developed through the work of numerous Buddhist thinkers working in Chinese. They include Bodhiruci, Ratnamati, Huiguang, Paramartha, Paramārtha, Jingying Huiyuan, Zhiyan, Xuanzang and his students Kuiji, Woncheuk and Dōshō. The East Asian consciousness only school is traditionally seen as being divided into two main branches. There is the Dharma nature sch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uisang
Uisang (; 625–702) was one of the most eminent early Silla Korean scholar-monks, a close friend of Wonhyo (元曉). He traveled to China, studying at Mount Zhongnan as a student of the influential Huayan master Zhiyan (智儼) and as a senior colleague of Fazang (法藏), with whom he established a lifelong correspondence. He became an expert in Huayan (華嚴) doctrine and was the founder of the Korean Hwaeom school. Most well known among his writings is the '' Beopseongge'' or ''Hwaeom ilseung beopgye do ''(''Diagram of the Avataṃsaka Single Vehicle Dharmadhātu'') (華嚴一乘法界圖). This is a commentary on his mandala-like diagram ''haein do'' ('Ocean Seal'), which consists of 210 Chinese characters that express the essence of the Huayan doctrine. A full translation can be found in the appendix to Odin, 1982. Little is known of his early life other than his father was named Hin-sin and his family name was Kim. He is famous for his travel to Táng China wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jingying Huiyuan
Jingying Huiyuan (Chinese: 淨影寺, "Huiyuan of Jingying Temple", Japanese: Jōyō Eon; c. 523–592) was an eminent Chinese Buddhist scholar-monk of the Dilun branch of Chinese Yogācāra.淨影慧遠 Jingying Huiyuan Digital Dictionary of Buddhism, Entry created: 2009-06-17 He was a prolific commentator who wrote various commentaries on key . He was the first Chinese author to write commentaries on the (which still survive) and his commentary on the '' [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Śūnyatā
''Śūnyatā'' ( ; ; ), translated most often as "emptiness", "Emptiness, vacuity", and sometimes "voidness", or "nothingness" is an Indian philosophical concept. In Buddhism, Jainism, Hinduism, and Indian philosophy, other Indian philosophical traditions, the concept has multiple meanings depending on its doctrinal context. It is either an Ontology, ontological feature of reality, a meditative state, or a Phenomenology (philosophy), phenomenological analysis of experience. In Theravada, Theravāda Buddhism, ' often refers to the Anatta, non-self (Pāli: ', Sanskrit: ') nature of the Skandha, five aggregates of experience and the Āyatana, six sense spheres. ' is also often used to refer to a Buddhist meditation, meditative state or experience. In Mahayana, Mahāyāna Buddhism, ' refers to the tenet that "all things are empty of intrinsic existence and nature (''svabhava'')", but may also refer to the Buddha-nature teachings and primordial or empty awareness, as in Dzogchen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prajnaparamita
file:Medicine Buddha painted mandala with goddess Prajnaparamita in center, 19th century, Rubin.jpg, A Tibetan painting with a Prajñāpāramitā sūtra at the center of the mandala Prajñāpāramitā means "the Perfection of Wisdom" or "Transcendental Knowledge" in Mahayana, Mahāyāna. Prajñāpāramitā refers to a perfected way of seeing the Ontology, nature of reality, as well as to a particular body of Mahayana sutras, Mahāyāna scriptures (sūtras), known as the Prajñāpāramitā sutras, which includes such texts as the Heart Sutra and Diamond Sutra. The word ''Prajñāpāramitā'' combines the Sanskrit words ''Prajñā (Buddhism), prajñā'' "wisdom" (or "knowledge") with ''pāramitā'', "excellence," "perfection," "noble character quality," or "that which has gone beyond," "gone to the other side," "Transcendence (philosophy), transcending." Prajñāpāramitā is a central concept in Mahāyāna Buddhism and is generally associated with ideas such as emptiness (''ś� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Madhyamaka
Madhyamaka ("middle way" or "centrism"; ; ; Tibetic languages, Tibetan: དབུ་མ་པ་ ; ''dbu ma pa''), otherwise known as Śūnyavāda ("the Śūnyatā, emptiness doctrine") and Niḥsvabhāvavāda ("the no Svabhava, ''svabhāva'' doctrine"), refers to a tradition of Buddhist philosophy and practice founded by the History of Buddhism in India, Indian Buddhist monk and philosopher Nagarjuna, Nāgārjuna ().Wynne, Alexander (2015) ''Early Buddhist Teaching as Proto-śūnyavāda.'' Journal of the Oxford Centre for Buddhist Studies, 6. pp. 213-241. The foundational text of the Mādhyamaka tradition is Nagarjuna, Nāgārjuna's ''Mūlamadhyamakakārikā'' ("Root Verses on the Middle Way"). More broadly, Madhyamaka also refers to the ultimate nature of phenomena as well as the non-conceptual realization of ultimate reality that is experienced in Buddhist meditation, meditation. Since the 4th century CE onwards, Madhyamaka philosophy had a major influence on the subsequent d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra
The ''Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra'' (Sanskrit; , ; Vietnamese: ''Kinh Đại Bát Niết Bàn'') or ''Nirvana Sutra'' for short, is an influential Mahayana, Mahāyāna Buddhist Sutra, scripture of the Buddha-nature class. The original title of the sutra was ''Mahāparinirvāṇamahāsūtra'' (''Great Scripture of the Great Perfect Nirvāṇa'') and the earliest version of the text was associated with the Mahāsāṃghika-Lokottaravāda school.Baums, StefanReview of Habata, ''Die zentralasiatischen Sanskrit‐Fragmente des Mahāparinirvāṇa‐mahāsūtra''. Indo‐Iranian Journal 58: 71–78./ref> The sutra was particularly important for the development of East Asian Buddhism. The ''Nirvana sutra'' uses the backdrop of the Buddha's Parinirvana, final nirvana to discuss the nature of the The Buddha, Buddha, who is described in this sutra as undying and eternal, without beginning or end. The text also discusses the associated doctrine of buddha-nature (Buddha-nature, tat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ratnagotravibhāga
The ''Ratnagotravibhāga'' (Sanskrit, abbreviated as RGV, meaning: ''Analysis of the Jeweled Lineage, Investigating the Jewel Disposition'') and its ''vyākhyā'' commentary (abbreviated RGVV to refer to the RGV verses along with the embedded commentary), is an influential Mahāyāna Buddhist treatise on buddha-nature (a.k.a. tathāgatagarbha). The text is also known as the ''Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra (The Ultimate Teaching of the Mahāyāna).''Gardner, Alex. "On the ''Ratnagotravibhāga''." ''Buddha-Nature: A Tsadra Foundation Initiative'', September 12, 2018. https://buddhanature.tsadra.org/index.php/Articles/On_the_Ratnagotravibh%C4%81ga . The RGVV was originally composed in Sanskrit, likely between the middle of the third century and no later than 433 CE.Takasaki (1966), The text and its commentary are also preserved in Tibetan and Chinese translations''.'' The ''Ratnagotra'' focuses on the buddha nature present in all sentient beings, which is eternal, blissful, uncondit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
