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Zelandoperla
''Zelandoperla'' is a genus of ‘long-tailed’ stoneflies endemic to New Zealand, placed within Southern Hemisphere family Gripopterygidae. ''Zelandoperla'' species occur in high-gradient, stoney streams throughout New Zealand, where they feed predominantly on biofilms. The currently recognised species are: *''Zelandoperla agnetis'' (McLellan 1967) *''Zelandoperla decorata'' (Tillyard 1923) *''Zelandoperla denticulata'' (McLellan 1967) *''Zelandoperla fenestrata'' (Tillyard 1923) *''Zelandoperla maungatuaensis'' (Foster, McCulloch & Waters 2019) Two additional described species (''Zelandoperla pennulata''; ''Zelandoperla tillyardi'') are now considered to be ecotypes of the Polymorphism (biology), polymorphic ''Z. fenestrata''. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q10724364 Plecoptera genera Taxa named by Robert John Tillyard Endemic insects of New Zealand Plecoptera of New Zealand ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zelandoperla Fenestrata
''Zelandoperla fenestrata'' is a widespread endemic New Zealand ‘long-tailed’ stonefly that is often abundant in high-gradient stony streams, from near sea-level up to alpine elevations. The species name 'fenestrata' refers to the window-like rectangular patterning visible on the wings of non-melanic adult specimens. This species is highly polymorphic in terms of wing length, with numerous wing-reduced, flightless populations found at high elevations above the alpine treeline. While wing-reduced forms of ''Z. fenestrata'' were previously considered to be a distinct species (''Z. pennulata''), recent genomic research indicates that flightless ecotypes have evolved independently and repeatedly across distinct upland regions of southern New Zealand. Full-winged and vestigial-winged ecotypes within this complex can sometimes be found together in sympatry, and can be either fully interbreeding or reproductively isolated. ''Zelandoperla fenestrata'' also exhibits a striking col ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zelandoperla Maungatuaensis
''Zelandoperla maungatuaensis'', commonly known as the Maungatua stonefly, is a species of flightless stonefly so far known only from a single mountainside in Otago, New Zealand. History The species was first discovered in 2017 by Professor Jon Waters, below the summit of Mt Maungatua, a mountain which overlooks Dunedin Airport. Researchers from the University of Otago returned to collect more, but only found nymphs, from which they were able to rear a single male to adulthood in the laboratory. The species was formally described by PhD student Brodie Foster in 2019 following DNA analysis. Description Adult males of the species are 2 cm in length with a dark brown to black body. Legs are striped with a yellow to light brown colour. Its wings are reduced and dark brown in colour with a small yellow spot. Nymphs at the final instar stage are between 13.2 and 17.6 mm in length. They are thick-set with a finely serrated notum. No adult females of the species have ye ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gripopterygidae
Gripopterygidae is a family of stoneflies in the order Plecoptera. There are more than 50 genera and 320 described species in Gripopterygidae. Genera These 57 genera belong to the family Gripopterygidae: * '' Acroperla'' McLellan, 1977 * '' Alfonsoperla'' McLellan & Zwick, 2007 * '' Andiperla'' Aubert, 1956 * '' Andiperlodes'' Illies, 1963 * '' Antarctoperla'' Enderlein, 1905 * '' Apteryoperla'' Wisely, 1953 * '' Araucanioperla'' Illies, 1963 * '' Aubertoperla'' Illies, 1963 * '' Aucklandobius'' Enderlein, 1909 * '' Cardioperla'' McLellan, 1971 * '' Ceratoperla'' Illies, 1963 * '' Chilenoperla'' Illies, 1963 * '' Claudioperla'' Illies, 1963 * '' Dinotoperla'' Tillyard, 1921 * '' Dundundra'' Theischinger, 1982 * '' Ericiataperla'' Vera Sanchez, 2016 * '' Eunotoperla'' Tillyard, 1924 * '' Falklandoperla'' McLellan, 2001 * '' Gripopteryx'' Pictet, 1841 * '' Guaranyperla'' Froehlich, 2001 * '' Holcoperla'' McLellan, 1977 * '' Illiesoperla'' McLellan, 1971 * '' Kirrama'' Theischinger ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biofilms
A biofilm is a syntrophic community of microorganisms in which cells stick to each other and often also to a surface. These adherent cells become embedded within a slimy extracellular matrix that is composed of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs). The cells within the biofilm produce the EPS components, which are typically a polymeric combination of extracellular polysaccharides, proteins, lipids and DNA. Because they have a three-dimensional structure and represent a community lifestyle for microorganisms, they have been metaphorically described as "cities for microbes". Biofilms may form on living (biotic) or non-living (abiotic) surfaces and can be common in natural, industrial, and hospital settings. They may constitute a microbiome or be a portion of it. The microbial cells growing in a biofilm are physiologically distinct from planktonic cells of the same organism, which, by contrast, are single cells that may float or swim in a liquid medium. Biofilms c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert John Tillyard
Robert "Robin" John Tillyard Fellow of the Royal Society, FRS (31 January 1881 – 13 January 1937) was an English–Australian entomology, entomologist and geologist. Early life and education Tillyard was the son of J. J. Tillyard and his wife Mary Ann Frances, née Wilson and was born at Norwich, Norfolk. He was educated at Dover College and intended to enter the army but was rejected on account of having suffered from rheumatism. He won a scholarship for classics at University of Oxford, Oxford and another for mathematics at University of Cambridge, Cambridge, and decided to go to Queens' College, Cambridge. He graduated senior optime in 1903. He went to Australia in 1904 and was appointed second mathematics and science master at Sydney Grammar School. While working as a science master Tillyard found time to publish extensively on dragonflies. After nine years with Sydney Grammar School, he resigned and undertook a research degree in biology at University of Sydney, Sydney U ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Zealand
New Zealand () is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and List of islands of New Zealand, over 600 smaller islands. It is the List of island countries, sixth-largest island country by area and lies east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and south of the islands of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga. The Geography of New Zealand, country's varied topography and sharp mountain peaks, including the Southern Alps (), owe much to tectonic uplift and volcanic eruptions. Capital of New Zealand, New Zealand's capital city is Wellington, and its most populous city is Auckland. The islands of New Zealand were the last large habitable land to be settled by humans. Between about 1280 and 1350, Polynesians began to settle in the islands and subsequently developed a distinctive Māori culture. In 1642, the Dutch explorer Abel Tasman became the first European to sight and record New Zealand. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stoneflies
Plecoptera is an order of insects commonly known as stoneflies. Some 3,500 species are described worldwide, with new species still being discovered. Stoneflies are found worldwide, except Antarctica. Stoneflies are believed to be one of the most primitive groups of Neoptera, with close relatives identified from the Carboniferous and Lower Permian geological periods, while true stoneflies are known from fossils only a bit younger. Their modern diversity, however, apparently is of Mesozoic origin. Plecoptera are found in both the Southern and Northern Hemispheres, and the populations are quite distinct, although the evolutionary evidence suggests species may have crossed the equator on a number of occasions before once again becoming geographically isolated. All species of Plecoptera are intolerant of water pollution, and the presence of their nymphs in a stream or still water is usually an indicator of good or excellent water quality. Description and ecology Stoneflies ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
