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Zarafshan Range
The Zarafshan Range, formerly the Zeravshan Range, is a mountain range in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, part of the Pamir-Alay mountains. Almost all of the range belongs to the drainage basins of the Zarafshan River. The Persian name is believed to possibly be a reference to gold found in bed of the Zarafshan River and its tributaries, which has ushered prosperity to the region from ancient times. Geography and geology The range extends over in an east−west direction along the south of Sughd Region in Tajikistan, reaching the highest point of (Chimtarga Peak) in its central part. South-west of Panjakent the range crosses from Tajikistan into Uzbekistan, where it continues at decreasing elevations () along the internal border between Samarkand and Kashkadarya Regions provinces, until it blends into the desert south-west of Samarkand. There are two other mountain ranges running in an east−west direction parallel to the Zarafshan Range. To the north, the Zeravshan Valley ...
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Anzob
Anzob ( Tajik: Анзоб) is a village and jamoat in north-west Tajikistan. It is located in Ayni District in Sughd Region, in the Zarafshan Range, about north of Dushanbe. The jamoat has a total population of 8,238 (2015).Jamoat-level basic indicators
United Nations Development Programme in Tajikistan, accessed 5 October 2020
It is located on the M34 highway and in the Yaghnob River



Iskanderkul
Iskanderkul (; ) is a mountain lake of glacial origin in Tajikistan's Sughd Province. It lies at an altitude of on the northern slopes of the Gissar Range in the Fann Mountains. Triangular in shape, it has a surface area of and is up to deep. Formed by a landslide that blocks the Saratogh river, the outflow of the lake is called the Iskander Darya, which joins the Yaghnob River to form the Fan Darya, a major left tributary of the Zeravshan River. 134 km from Dushanbe and 23 km from the Dushanbe—Khujand road, Iskanderkul is a popular tourist destination. The lake takes its name from Alexander the Great's passage in Tajikistan: ''Iskander'' is the Persian pronunciation of Alexander, and ''kul'' means lake in many Turkic languages. There are two legends connecting the lake to Alexander. The first one states it used to be a location the inhabitants of which resisted Alexander's rule, and in fury, the king ordered to divert a river and annihilate them. The second legen ...
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Khujand
Khujand, sometimes spelled Khodjent and formerly known as Leninabad from 1936 to 1991, is the second-largest city of Tajikistan and the capital of Tajikistan's northernmost Sughd province. Khujand is one of the oldest cities in Central Asia, dating back about 2,500 years to the Persian Empire. Situated on the Syr Darya river at the mouth of the Fergana Valley, Khujand was a major city along the ancient Silk Road. After being captured by Alexander the Great in 329 BC, it was renamed Alexandria Eschate and has since been part of various empires in history, including the Umayyad Caliphate (8th century), the Mongol Empire (13th century) and the Russian empire (19th century). Today, the majority of its population are ethnic Tajiks and the city is close to the present borders of both Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan. History Antiquity Khujand may have been the site of Cyropolis () which was established when King Cyrus the Great founded the city during his last expedition against the ...
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Dushanbe
Dushanbe is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Tajikistan. , Dushanbe had a population of 1,564,700, with this population being largely Tajiks, Tajik. Until 1929, the city was known in Russian as Dyushambe, and from 1929 to 1961 as Stalinabad, after Joseph Stalin. Dushanbe is located in the Gissar Valley, bounded by the Gissar Range in the north and east and the Babatag Range, Babatag, Aktau, Rangontau and Karatau mountains in the south, and has an elevation of 750–930 m. The city is divided into four districts: Ismail Samani, Avicenna, Ferdowsi, and Mansur I, Shah Mansur. In ancient times, what is now or is close to modern Dushanbe was settled by various empires and peoples, including Mousterian tool-users, various neolithic cultures, the Achaemenid Empire, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, Greco-Bactria, the Kushan Empire, and Hephthalites. In the Middle Ages, more settlements began near modern-day Dushanbe such as Hulbuk and its Palace of the governor of Khulbuk, famous pal ...
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Mountain Pass
A mountain pass is a navigable route through a mountain range or over a ridge. Since mountain ranges can present formidable barriers to travel, passes have played a key role in trade, war, and both Human migration, human and animal migration throughout history. At lower elevations it may be called a hill pass. A mountain pass is typically formed between two volcanic peaks or created by erosion from water or wind. Overview Mountain passes make use of a gap (landform), gap, saddle (landform), saddle, col or notch (landform), notch. A topographic saddle is analogous to the mathematical concept of a saddle surface, with a saddle point marking the minimum high point between two valleys and the lowest point along a ridge. On a topographic map, passes can be identified by contour lines with an hourglass shape, which indicates a low spot between two higher points. In the high mountains, a difference of between the summit and the mountain is defined as a mountain pass. Passes are o ...
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Lake Karakul (Uzbekistan)
Karakul, Kara-Kul, or Kara Kul (usually from transcriptions of names in Turkic languages meaning "Black Lake") may refer to: Wool *Karakul sheep, an Uzbeki breed of domestic sheep and its pelt or wool *Karakul (hat), a style of cap made with the aforementioned pelt or wool, traditionally worn in Central and South Asia Places *Karakul (Tajikistan), a lake in the Pamir Mountains *Karakul (China), a lake in Xinjiang Province * Qorako‘l or Karakul, a city in Bukhara Province, Uzbekistan * Qorako‘l District or Karakul District, the surrounding region of Bukhara Province, Uzbekistan * Karakul, Arkhangelsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia, a village * Karakul, Karmaskalinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia, a village *Karakul, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, village in Lower Chitral District, Pakistan * Qarah Kul, a village in Iran * Qaraqullar, a village in Azerbaijan * Karakul deposit, major cobalt deposit in Altai Republic, Russia Other * Karakul (song), a song in the album Crush by Float ...
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Qashqadaryo River
The Qashqadaryo () or Kashkadarya () is a river in southern Uzbekistan. The river is long and has a basin area of .Кашкадарья
It in the Qarshi Steppe. By the river is the city of , the capital of the

Yaghnob River
The Yaghnob () is a river in Ayni District of Sughd Region, Tajikistan. Together with the Iskander Darya, it forms the Fan Darya, a major left tributary of the Zeravshan. The source of the Yaghnob is in the Matcha Mountains, where the Zarafshan and the Gissar Ranges merge. The Yaghnob is mainly fed by glaciers and snow fields. The river flows from the east to the west, south of and parallel to the upper Zeravshan River, through the Yaghnob Valley, a remote location populated by the Yaghnobi people speaking the eponymous Yaghnobi language. The main village in the valley is Anzob. It joins the east-flowing Iskander Darya to form the Fan Darya which flows north to join the Zeravshan at Ayni Ayni ( Quechua and Aymara; also spelled ''Ayniy'' or ''Aini'') can refer to either the concept of reciprocity or mutualism among people of the Andean mountain communities or the practice of this concept. As a noun, the law of ayni states that .... The main road north from Dushanbe ...
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Zarafshan Glacier
Zarafshan, Zarafshon or Zeravshan may refer to: *Zarafshan, Tajikistan *Zarafshon, Uzbekistan * Zarafshan Airport, Uzbekistan *Zarafshon (river), in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan *Zarafshan Range, in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan *Nasser Zarafshan Nasser Zarafshan (; born 1946) is an Iranian writer, translator, and attorney. He is known for having been arrested while acting as the legal envoy of two of the families of dissident Iranian writers who were assassinated in November 1998 in wh ...
, Iranian novelist and attorney with long imprisonment on grounds of his human rights activities {{disambig ...
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Alay Mountains
The Alay or Alai Range (; ) is a mountain range that extends from the Tien Shan mountain range in Kyrgyzstan west into Tajikistan. It is part of the Pamir-Alay mountain system. The range runs approximately east to west. Its highest summit is Pik Tandykul (), reaching 5544 m. It forms the southern border of the Fergana Valley, and in the south it falls steeply to the Alay Valley.Алайский хребет
The southern slopes of the range drain into the Kyzylsuu or Vakhsh River, a tributary of the

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Matcha Range
is a finely ground powder of green tea specially processed from shade-grown tea leaves. Shade growing gives matcha its characteristic bright green color and strong umami flavor. Matcha is typically consumed suspended in hot water. Matcha originated in China, but the production of the raw material for matcha was banned in China in the 14th century. Shade growing was invented in Japan in the 16th century and most matcha is produced there today. The traditional Japanese tea ceremony, typically known as or , centers on the preparation, serving and drinking of matcha as hot tea, and embodies a meditative and spiritual practice. Matcha is also used to flavor and dye foods such as ''mochi'' and ''soba'' noodles, green tea ice cream, matcha lattes, and a variety of Japanese ''wagashi'' confectionery. For this purpose, matcha made green by color additives instead of expensive shade-grown matcha is often used. Definition Strict definitions of matcha are given by the International O ...
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