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Zapada Columbiana
''Zapada columbiana'' is a species in the family Nemouridae ("spring stoneflies"), in the order Plecoptera Plecoptera is an order of insects, commonly known as stoneflies. Some 3,500 species are described worldwide, with new species still being discovered. Stoneflies are found worldwide, except Antarctica. Stoneflies are believed to be one of the mos ... ("stoneflies"). The species is known generally as the "Columbian forestfly". It is found in North America. References Further reading * External linksNCBI Taxonomy Browser, ''Zapada columbiana'' Nemouridae Insects described in 1923 {{Plecoptera-stub ...
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Nemouridae
The Nemouridae are a family of stoneflies containing more than 700 described species, occurring primarily in the Holarctic region.Nelson, C. Riley. 1996. Nemouridae. Version 1 January 1996 (under construction). http://tolweb.org/Nemouridae/13941/1996.01.01 in The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/ Members of this family are commonly known as spring stoneflies or brown stoneflies. Fly fishermen often refer to these insects as tiny winter blacks. Although these insects use a wide range of flowing-water habitats, they tend to be most prevalent in smaller streams. The nymphs are distinctive, being broad-bodied and bristly with divergent wing pads. Subfamilies and genera The ''Plecoptera species file'' lists: Amphinemurinae Authority: Baumann, 1975 # ''Amphinemura ''Amphinemura'' is a genus of spring stonefly, spring stoneflies in the family Nemouridae. There are about 18 described species in ''Amphinemura''. Species * ''Amphinemura alabama'' Baumann, 1996 * ''Amphi ...
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Plecoptera
Plecoptera is an order of insects, commonly known as stoneflies. Some 3,500 species are described worldwide, with new species still being discovered. Stoneflies are found worldwide, except Antarctica. Stoneflies are believed to be one of the most primitive groups of Neoptera, with close relatives identified from the Carboniferous and Lower Permian geological periods, while true stoneflies are known from fossils only a bit younger. Their modern diversity, however, apparently is of Mesozoic origin. Plecoptera are found in both the Southern and Northern Hemispheres, and the populations are quite distinct, although the evolutionary evidence suggests species may have crossed the equator on a number of occasions before once again becoming geographically isolated. All species of Plecoptera are intolerant of water pollution, and their presence in a stream or still water is usually an indicator of good or excellent water quality. Description and ecology Stoneflies have a general ...
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