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Zamboni Pile
The Zamboni pile (also referred to as a ''Duluc Dry Pile'') is an early electric battery, invented by Giuseppe Zamboni in 1812. A Zamboni pile is an "electrostatic battery" and is constructed from discs of silver foil, zinc foil, and paper. Alternatively, discs of "silver paper" (paper with a thin layer of zinc on one side) gilded on one side or silver paper smeared with manganese dioxide and honey might be used. Discs of approximately 20 mm diameter are assembled in stacks, which may be several thousand discs thick, and then either compressed in a glass tube with end caps or stacked between three glass rods with wooden end plates and insulated by dipping in molten sulfur or pitch. Zamboni piles of more modern construction were manufactured as recently as the 1980s for providing the accelerating voltage for image intensifier tubes, particularly in military use. Today such voltages are obtained from flyback converters powered by lithium ion batteries. The EMF per elem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pila De Zamboni
Pila may refer to: Architecture * Pila (architecture), a type of veranda in Sri Lankan farm houses Places * Pila, Buenos Aires, a town in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina * Pila Partido, a country subdivision in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina * Pila, Croatia, a village in Croatia * Pila (Karlovy Vary District), a municipality in the Czech Republic * Pila, Aosta Valley, a ski resort in Italy * Pila, Piedmont, a municipality in Italy *Pila, a Barangay in San Pascual, Batangas, Philippines * Pila, Laguna, a municipality in the Philippines * Piła (other), various towns in Poland * Píla (other), several villages in Slovakia Latin *''Pila'', a flat type of tile, used in Pilae stacks *''Pila'', the plural of pilum The ''pilum'' (; : ''pila'') was a javelin commonly used by the Roman army in ancient times. It was generally about long overall, consisting of an iron shank about in diameter and long with a pyramidal head, attached to a wooden shaft by eith .. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Image Intensifier
An image intensifier or image intensifier tube is a vacuum tube device for increasing the intensity of available light in an optical system to allow use under low-light conditions, such as at night, to facilitate visual imaging of low-light processes, such as fluorescence of materials in X-rays or gamma rays ( X-ray image intensifier), or for conversion of non-visible light sources, such as near-infrared or short wave infrared to visible. They operate by converting photons of light into electrons, amplifying the electrons (usually with a microchannel plate), and then converting the amplified electrons back into photons for viewing. They are used in devices such as night-vision goggles. Introduction Image intensifier tubes (IITs) are optoelectronic devices that allow many devices, such as night vision devices and medical imaging devices, to function. They convert low levels of light from various wavelengths into visible quantities of light at a single wavelength. Operation Im ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voltaic Pile
upright=1.2, Schematic diagram of a copper–zinc voltaic pile. Each copper–zinc pair had a spacer in the middle, made of cardboard or felt soaked in salt water (the electrolyte). Volta's original piles contained an additional zinc disk at the bottom, and an additional copper disk at the top; these were later shown to be unnecessary. file:VoltaBattery.JPG, upA voltaic pile on display in the ''Tempio Voltiano'' (the Volta Temple) near Volta's home in Como, Italy The voltaic pile was the first electrical battery that could continuously provide an electric current to a circuit. It was invented by Italian chemist Alessandro Volta, who published his experiments in 1799. Its invention can be traced back to an argument between Volta and Luigi Galvani, Volta's fellow Italian scientist who had conducted experiments on frogs' legs. Use of the voltaic pile enabled a rapid series of other discoveries, including the electrical decomposition (electrolysis) of water into oxygen and hydrogen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nanoampere
The ampere ( , ; symbol: A), often shortened to amp,SI supports only the use of symbols and deprecates the use of abbreviations for units. is the unit of electric current in the International System of Units (SI). One ampere is equal to 1 coulomb (C) moving past a point per second. It is named after French mathematician and physicist André-Marie Ampère (1775–1836), considered the father of electromagnetism along with Danish physicist Hans Christian Ørsted. As of the 2019 revision of the SI, the ampere is defined by fixing the elementary charge to be exactly , which means an ampere is an electric current equivalent to elementary charges moving every seconds, or approximately elementary charges moving in a second. Prior to the redefinition, the ampere was defined as the current passing through two parallel wires 1 metre apart that produces a magnetic force of newtons per metre. The earlier CGS system has two units of current, one structured similarly to the SI's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kilovolt
The volt (symbol: V) is the unit of electric potential, electric potential difference (voltage), and electromotive force in the International System of Units (SI). Definition One volt is defined as the electric potential between two points of a conducting wire when an electric current of one ampere dissipates one watt of power between those points. It can be expressed in terms of SI base units ( m, kg, s, and A) as : \text = \frac = \frac = \frac = \text\text^2\text^. Equivalently, it is the potential difference between two points that will impart one joule of energy per coulomb of charge that passes through it. It can be expressed in terms of SI base units ( m, kg, s, and A) as : \text = \frac = \frac = \frac = \text\text^2\text^. It can also be expressed as amperes times ohms (current times resistance, Ohm's law), webers per second (magnetic flux per time), watts per ampere (power per current), or joules per coulomb (energy per charge), which is also equivale ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Potential Difference
Voltage, also known as (electrical) potential difference, electric pressure, or electric tension, is the difference in electric potential between two points. In a static electric field, it corresponds to the work needed per unit of charge to move a positive test charge from the first point to the second point. In the International System of Units (SI), the derived unit for voltage is the ''volt'' (''V''). The voltage between points can be caused by the build-up of electric charge (e.g., a capacitor), and from an electromotive force (e.g., electromagnetic induction in a generator). On a macroscopic scale, a potential difference can be caused by electrochemical processes (e.g., cells and batteries), the pressure-induced piezoelectric effect, and the thermoelectric effect. Since it is the difference in electric potential, it is a physical scalar quantity. A voltmeter can be used to measure the voltage between two points in a system. Often a common reference potential su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volt
The volt (symbol: V) is the unit of electric potential, Voltage#Galvani potential vs. electrochemical potential, electric potential difference (voltage), and electromotive force in the International System of Units, International System of Units (SI). Definition One volt is defined as the electric potential between two points of a electrical conductor, conducting wire when an electric current of one ampere dissipates one watt of power (physics), power between those points. It can be expressed in terms of SI base units (metre, m, kilogram, kg, second, s, and ampere, A) as : \text = \frac = \frac = \frac = \text\text^2\text^. Equivalently, it is the potential difference between two points that will impart one joule of energy per coulomb of charge that passes through it. It can be expressed in terms of SI base units (metre, m, kilogram, kg, second, s, and ampere, A) as : \text = \frac = \frac = \frac = \text\text^2\text^. It can also be expressed as amperes times ohms (curre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electromotive Force
In electromagnetism and electronics, electromotive force (also electromotance, abbreviated emf, denoted \mathcal) is an energy transfer to an electric circuit per unit of electric charge, measured in volts. Devices called electrical ''transducers'' provide an emf by Energy transformation, converting other forms of energy into electrical energy. Other types of electrical equipment also produce an emf, such as Battery (electricity), batteries, which convert chemical energy, and Electric generator, generators, which convert mechanical energy. This energy conversion is achieved by Force, physical forces applying Work (physics), physical work on electric charges. However, electromotive force itself is not a physical force, and ISO/International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC standards have deprecated the term in favor of source voltage or source tension instead (denoted U_s). An Hydraulic analogy, electronic–hydraulic analogy may view emf as the mechanical work done to water by a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Valve Museum
''The'' is a grammatical article in English, denoting nouns that are already or about to be mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The'' is the most frequently used word in the English language; studies and analyses of texts have found it to account for seven percent of all printed English-language words. It is derived from gendered articles in Old English which combined in Middle English and now has a single form used with nouns of any gender. The word can be used with both singular and plural nouns, and with a noun that starts with any letter. This is different from many other languages, which have different forms of the definite article for different genders or numbers. Pronunciation In most dialects, "the" is pronounced as (with the voiced dental fricative followed by a schwa) when followed by a consonant sound, and as (homophone of the archaic pronoun ''thee' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lithium Ion Batteries
A lithium-ion or Li-ion battery is a type of rechargeable battery that uses the reversible intercalation of Li+ ions into electronically conducting solids to store energy. Li-ion batteries are characterized by higher specific energy, energy density, and energy efficiency and a longer cycle life and calendar life than other types of rechargeable batteries. Also noteworthy is a dramatic improvement in lithium-ion battery properties after their market introduction in 1991; over the following 30 years, their volumetric energy density increased threefold while their cost dropped tenfold. In late 2024 global demand passed per year, while production capacity was more than twice that. The invention and commercialization of Li-ion batteries has had a large impact on technology, as recognized by the 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Li-ion batteries have enabled portable consumer electronics, laptop computers, cellular phones, and electric cars. Li-ion batteries also see significant use ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flyback Converter
The flyback converter is used in both AC/DC conversion, AC/DC, and DC-DC conversion, DC/DC conversion with galvanic isolation between the input and any outputs. The flyback converter is a buck-boost converter with the inductor split to form a transformer, so that the voltage ratios are multiplied with an additional advantage of isolation. Structure and principle The schematic of a flyback converter is shown in Fig. 1. It is equivalent to that of a buck–boost converter, with the inductor split to form a transformer. Therefore, the operating principle of both converters is very similar: * When the switch is closed (top of Fig. 2), the primary of the transformer is directly connected to the input voltage source. The primary current and magnetic flux in the transformer increases, storing energy in the transformer. The voltage induced in the secondary winding is negative, so the diode is reverse-biased (i.e., blocked). The output capacitor supplies energy to the output load. * Wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pitch (resin)
Pitch is a viscoelastic polymer which can be natural or manufactured, derived from petroleum, coal tar, or plants. Pitch produced from petroleum may be called bitumen or asphalt, while plant-derived pitch, a resin, is known as rosin in its solid form. Tar is sometimes used interchangeably with pitch, but generally refers to a more liquid substance derived from coal production, including coal tar, or from plants, as in pine tar. Uses Pitch, a traditional naval store, was traditionally used to help caulk the seams of wooden sailing vessels (see shipbuilding). Other important historic uses included coating earthenware vessels for the preservation of wine, waterproofing wooden containers, and making torches. It was also used to make patent fuel from coal slack around the turn of the 19th century. Petroleum-derived pitch is black in colour, hence the adjectival phrase "pitch-black". The viscoelastic properties of pitch make it well suited for the polishing of high-quali ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
