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Z39.2
ISO 2709 is an ISO standard for bibliographic descriptions, titled ''Information and documentation—Format for information exchange''. It is maintained by the Technical Committee for Information and Documentation ( TC 9846). History In the late 1960s the MARC format was developed under the direction of Henriette Avram at the Library of Congress to encode the information printed on library cards. It standardized in the early 1970s as ANSI/ NISO Standard Z39.2-1971 and ISO 2709-1973. This was one of the first standards for information technology, and called ''Information Interchange Format.'' The 1981 version of the standard was titled ''Documentation—Format for bibliographic information interchange on magnetic tape''. The latest edition of that standard is ANSI/NISO Z39.2-1994 (R2016) (). The ISO standard supersedes Z39.2. As of December 2008 the current standard is ISO 2709:2008. Basic structure An ISO 2709 record has four sections: * Record label—the first 24 characters ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NISO
The National Information Standards Organization (NISO; ) is a United States non-profit standards organization that develops, maintains and publishes technical standards related to publishing, bibliographic and library applications. It was founded in 1939 as the Z39 Committee, chaired from 1963-1977 by Jerrold Orne, incorporated as a not-for-profit education association in 1983, and assumed its current name in 1984. Organization NISO offers two membership categories, "voting members" and "library standards alliance". In January 2016, the "voting members" included 77 large corporations, mostly publishers, and large library organizations such as the American Library Association.Member companies ". National Information Standards Organization. Retrieved March 6, 2016. Voting members elect Directors and comment and vote on standards. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MARC Format
MARC (machine-readable cataloging) is a standard set of digital formats for the machine-readable description of items catalogued by libraries, such as books, DVDs, and digital resources. Computerized library catalogs and library management software need to structure their catalog records as per an industry-wide standard, which is MARC, so that bibliographic information can be shared freely between computers. The structure of bibliographic records almost universally follows the MARC standard. Other standards work in conjunction with MARC, for example, Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR)/Resource Description and Access (RDA) provide guidelines on formulating bibliographic data into the MARC record structure, while the International Standard Bibliographic Description (ISBD) provides guidelines for displaying MARC records in a standard, human-readable form. History Working with the Library of Congress, American computer scientist Henriette Avram developed MARC between 1965 and 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MARC Standards
MARC (machine-readable cataloging) is a standard set of digital formats for the machine-readable description of items catalogued by libraries, such as books, DVDs, and digital resources. Computerized library catalogs and library management software need to structure their catalog records as per an industry-wide standard, which is MARC, so that bibliographic information can be shared freely between computers. The structure of bibliographic records almost universally follows the MARC standard. Other standards work in conjunction with MARC, for example, Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR)/ Resource Description and Access (RDA) provide guidelines on formulating bibliographic data into the MARC record structure, while the International Standard Bibliographic Description (ISBD) provides guidelines for displaying MARC records in a standard, human-readable form. History Working with the Library of Congress, American computer scientist Henriette Avram developed MARC between 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ISO Standard
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO ; ; ) is an independent, non-governmental, international standard development organization composed of representatives from the national standards organizations of member countries. Membership requirements are given in Article 3 of the ISO Statutes. ISO was founded on 23 February 1947, and () it has published over 25,000 international standards covering almost all aspects of technology and manufacturing. It has over 800 technical committees (TCs) and subcommittees (SCs) to take care of standards development. The organization develops and publishes international standards in technical and nontechnical fields, including everything from manufactured products and technology to food safety, transport, IT, agriculture, and healthcare. More specialized topics like electrical and electronic engineering are instead handled by the International Electrotechnical Commission.Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica. 3 June 2021.Internat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IEC TC 46
ISO/TC 46 is Technical Committee 46 of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), responsible for matters concerning information, indexing and documentation. The scope of the committee is 'standardization of practices relating to libraries, documentation and information centres, publishing, archives, records management, museum documentation, indexing and abstracting services, and information science'. Leadership Since 2022, the Technical Committee Chair is Grégory Miura, from France. For 2018–2022, the chair was Gaëlle Béquet, from France, who served two term as chairperson (the first was 2014–2017). Françoise Pellé, also French, served as chair from 2008 to 2014. Subcommittees Most work of the Technical Committee is done by Subcommittees (SC) dealing with a particular field. The Subcommittees are: * ISO/TC 46/SC 2: Conversion of written languages (Inactive) * ISO/TC 46/SC 3: Terminology of information and documentation (Inactive) * ISO/TC 46/SC 4: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henriette Avram
Henriette Davidson Avram (October 7, 1919 – April 22, 2006) was a computer programmer and systems analyst who developed the MARC format (Machine Readable Cataloging), the international data standard for bibliographic and holdings information in libraries. Avram's development of the MARC format in the late 1960s and early 1970s, at the Library of Congress had a revolutionizing effect on the practice of librarianship, making possible the automation of many library functions and the sharing of bibliographic information electronically between libraries using pre-existing cataloging standards. Early years Henriette Regina Davidson was born in Manhattan on October 7, 1919, to a father who was a watch material distributor and a mother who was a '' Philadelphia Ledger'' reporter. Although she never intended to become a librarian, Henriette did spend many Saturdays of her childhood reading in neighborhood stores, which, at that time, housed mini-public libraries. Henriette Davidson d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Library Of Congress
The Library of Congress (LOC) is a research library in Washington, D.C., serving as the library and research service for the United States Congress and the ''de facto'' national library of the United States. It also administers Copyright law of the United States, copyright law through the United States Copyright Office, and it houses the Congressional Research Service. Founded in 1800, the Library of Congress is the oldest Cultural policy of the United States, federal cultural institution in the United States. It is housed in three buildings on Capitol Hill, adjacent to the United States Capitol, along with the National Audio-Visual Conservation Center in Culpeper, Virginia, and additional storage facilities at Fort Meade, Fort George G. Meade and Cabin Branch in Hyattsville, Maryland. The library's functions are overseen by the librarian of Congress, and its buildings are maintained by the architect of the Capitol. The LOC is one of the List of largest libraries, largest libra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ANSI
The American National Standards Institute (ANSI ) is a private nonprofit organization that oversees the development of voluntary consensus standards for products, services, processes, systems, and personnel in the United States. The organization also coordinates U.S. standards with international standards so that American products can be used worldwide. ANSI accredits standards that are developed by representatives of other standards organizations, government agencies, consumer groups, companies, and others. These standards ensure that the characteristics and performance of products are consistent, that people use the same definitions and terms, and that products are tested the same way. ANSI also accredits organizations that carry out product or personnel certification in accordance with requirements defined in international standards. The organization's headquarters are in Washington, D.C. ANSI's operations office is located in New York City. The ANSI annual operating ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Organization For Standardization
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO ; ; ) is an independent, non-governmental, international standard development organization composed of representatives from the national standards organizations of member countries. Membership requirements are given in Article 3 of the ISO Statutes. ISO was founded on 23 February 1947, and () it has published over 25,000 international standards covering almost all aspects of technology and manufacturing. It has over 800 technical committees (TCs) and subcommittees (SCs) to take care of standards development. The organization develops and publishes international standards in technical and nontechnical fields, including everything from manufactured products and technology to food safety, transport, IT, agriculture, and healthcare. More specialized topics like electrical and electronic engineering are instead handled by the International Electrotechnical Commission.Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica. 3 June 2021.Inte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ISO/IEC 646
ISO/IEC 646 ''Information technology — ISO 7-bit coded character set for information interchange'', is an International Organization for Standardization, ISO/International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC standard in the field of character encoding. It is equivalent to the Ecma International, ECMA standard ECMA-6 and developed in cooperation with ASCII at least since 1964. The first version of ECMA-6 had been published in 1965, based on work the ECMA's Technical Committee TC1 had carried out since December 1960. The first edition of ISO/IEC 646 was published in 1973, and the most recent, third, edition in 1991. ISO/IEC 646 specifies a 7-bit character code from which several national standards are derived. It allocates a set of 82 unique graphic characters to 7-bit code points, known as the ''invariant'' (INV) or ''basic character set'', including letters of the ISO basic Latin alphabet, Numerical digit, digits, and some common English language, English pun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ISO Standards
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO ; ; ) is an independent, non-governmental, international standard development organization composed of representatives from the national standards organizations of member countries. Membership requirements are given in Article 3 of the ISO Statutes. ISO was founded on 23 February 1947, and () it has published over 25,000 international standards covering almost all aspects of technology and manufacturing. It has over 800 technical committees (TCs) and subcommittees (SCs) to take care of standards development. The organization develops and publishes international standards in technical and nontechnical fields, including everything from manufactured products and technology to food safety, transport, IT, agriculture, and healthcare. More specialized topics like electrical and electronic engineering are instead handled by the International Electrotechnical Commission.Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica. 3 June 2021.Interna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Library Automation
An integrated library system (ILS), also known as a library management system (LMS), is an enterprise resource planning system for a library, used to track items owned, orders made, bills paid, and patrons who have borrowed. An ILS is usually made up of a relational database, software to interact with that database, and two graphical user interfaces (one for patrons, one for staff). Most ILSes separate software functions into discrete programs called modules, each of them integrated with a unified interface. Examples of modules might include: * acquisitions (ordering, receiving, and invoicing materials) * cataloging (classifying and indexing materials) * circulation (lending materials to patrons and receiving them back) * serials (tracking magazine, journals, and newspaper holdings) * online public access catalog or OPAC (public user interface) Each patron and item has a unique ID in the database that allows the ILS to track its activity. History Pre-computerization Prior to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
