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Yusin Constitution
The Fourth Republic of Korea () was the government of South Korea from November 1972 to February 1981. The Fourth Republic was founded on the approval of the Yushin Constitution in the 1972 constitutional referendum, codifying the ''de facto'' dictatorial powers held by President Park Chung Hee, and succeeding the Third Republic. Park and his Democratic Republican Party ruled under the centralized and authoritarian Yushin System until the assassination of Park on 26 October 1979. The Fourth Republic entered a period of political instability under Park's successor, Choi Kyu-hah, and the escalating martial law declared after Park's death. Choi was unofficially overthrown by Chun Doo-hwan in the coup d'état of December Twelfth in December 1979, and began the armed suppression of the Gwangju Uprising against martial law. Chun launched the coup d'état of May Seventeenth in May 1980, establishing a military dictatorship under the National Council for Reunification and dissolvi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Semi-presidential Republic
A semi-presidential republic, or dual executive republic, is a republic in which a president exists alongside a prime minister and a cabinet, with the latter two being responsible to the legislature of the state. It differs from a parliamentary republic in that it has an executive president independent of the legislature; and from the presidential system in that the cabinet, although named by the president, is responsible to the legislature, which may force the cabinet to resign through a motion of no confidence. While the Weimar Republic (1919–1933) and Finland (from 1919 to 2000) exemplified early semi-presidential systems, the term "semi-presidential" was first introduced in 1959, in an article by the journalist Hubert Beuve-Méry, and popularized by a 1978 work written by the political scientist Maurice Duverger. Both men intended to describe the French Fifth Republic (established in 1958). Definition Maurice Duverger's original definition of semi-presidenti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
President Of South Korea
The president of the Republic of Korea (), also known as the president of South Korea (), is the head of state and head of government of South Korea. The president directs the executive branch of the Government of South Korea, government and is the commander-in-chief of the Republic of Korea Armed Forces. The Constitution of South Korea and the amended Presidential Election Act of 1987 provide for election of the president by direct, secret ballot, ending sixteen years of indirect presidential elections under the preceding two authoritarian governments. The president is directly elected to a five-year term, with no possibility of re-election. If a presidential vacancy should occur, a successor must be elected within sixty days, during which time presidential duties are to be performed by the Prime Minister of South Korea, prime minister or other senior cabinet members in the order of priority as determined by law. The president is exempt from criminal liability (except for insur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Assassination Of Park Chung Hee
On October 26, 1979, Park Chung Hee, the third president of South Korea, was assassinated during a dinner at the Korean Central Intelligence Agency (KCIA) safe house near the Blue House presidential compound in Jongno District, Seoul, South Korea. It was the first assassination of a head of state in the Korean peninsula in 605 years since the assassination of Gongmin of Goryeo. Kim Jae-gyu, the then director of the KCIA, was responsible for the assassination. Park was shot in the chest and the head, after which he died almost immediately. Four bodyguards and a presidential chauffeur were also killed. The incident is often referred to as "10.26" or the "10.26 incident" in South Korea. There is a great deal of controversy surrounding Kim's motives; it remains uncertain whether the act was part of a planned coup d'état or was merely impulsive. Background President Park's dictatorship By the time of his assassination, Park had exercised dictatorial power over South Korea for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democratic Republican Party (South Korea)
The Democratic Republican Party (DRP; ) was a conservative, broadly corporatistKim, B. K. & Vogel, E. F. (eds.) (2011). ''The Park Chung Hee Era: The Transformation of South Korea''. Harvard University Press. p. 125. and nationalistKohli, A. (2004). ''State-Directed Development: Political Power and Industrialization in the Global Periphery''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 92. political party in South Korea, ruling from shortly after its formation on February 2, 1963Youngmi Kim, ''The Politics of Coalition in Korea'' (Taylor & Francis, 2011) p. 22. to its dissolution under Chun Doo-hwan in 1980. History Under the control of Park Chung Hee, President of South Korea from his military coup d'état of 1961 until his assassination in 1979, the party oversaw a period of corporatism, state capitalism, and developmentalism, known as the " Miracle of the Han River", where a predominantly poor and agrarian country was transformed into an industrial " tiger economy". The combi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Third Republic Of Korea
The Third Republic of Korea () was the government of South Korea from 17 December 1963 to 21 November 1972. The Third Republic was founded on the dissolution of the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction that overthrew the Second Republic and established a military government in May 1961. Park Chung Hee, the Chairman of the Supreme Council, was elected President of South Korea in the 1963 presidential election. The Third Republic was presented as a return to civilian government under the National Assembly but in practice was a dictatorship under Park, Supreme Council members, and the Democratic Republican Party. The Third Republic prioritized South Korea's economic development, anti-communism, and strengthening ties with the United States and Japan. Park was re-elected in the 1967 presidential election, and the National Assembly passed a constitutional amendment to allow him to seek a third term, and he was re-elected in the 1971 presidential election. Park declared ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1972 South Korean Constitutional Referendum
A constitutional referendum was held in South Korea on 21 November 1972. President Park Chung-hee had suspended the constitution and dissolved the National Assembly in October. Work began almost immediately on a new constitution. The finished product, the Yushin Constitution, was a severely authoritarian document that dramatically expanded the president's powers and allowed him to run for an unlimited number of six-year terms. For all intents and purposes, the document concentrated all governing power in Park's hands. According to official figures, the new document was approved by 92.3% of voters, with a turnout of 91.9%.Nohlen et al, p427 The adoption of the constitution upon the announcement of the official referendum results ushered in the Fourth Republic of South Korea. Results By province References {{South Korean elections South Korea South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the southern half of the Kor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Korean Won
The South Korean won (symbol: ₩; code: KRW; ) is the official currency of South Korea. A single won is divided into 100 jeon, the monetary subunit. The jeon is no longer used for everyday transactions, and it appears only in foreign exchange rates. The currency is issued by the Bank of Korea, based in the capital city of Seoul. Etymology The old "won" was a cognate of the Chinese yuan, which was derived from the Spanish-American silver dollar. It is derived from the hanja (, ), meaning "round", which describes the shape of the silver dollar. The won was subdivided into 100 (), itself a cognate of the East Asian unit of weight mace and synonymous with money in general. The current won (1962 to present) is written in hangul only and does not officially have any hanja associated with it. First South Korean won History The Korean won, Chinese yuan and Japanese yen were all derived from the Spanish-American silver dollar, a coin widely used for international trade bet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Assembly Of South Korea
The National Assembly of the Republic of Korea () is the unicameral national legislature of South Korea. Elections to the National Assembly are held every four years. The latest legislative elections were held on 10 April 2024. The current National Assembly held its first meeting, and also began its current four year term, on 30 May 2024. The current Speaker was elected 5 June 2024. The National Assembly has 300 seats, with 254 constituency seats and 46 proportional representation seats; PR seats are assigned an additional member system ''de jure'' but parallel voting ''de facto'' because the usage of decoy lists by the Democratic and People Power Parties is prevalent. The unicameral assembly consists of at least 200 members according to the South Korean constitution. In 1990 the assembly had 299 seats, 224 of which were directly elected from single-member districts in the general elections of April 1988. Under applicable laws, the remaining seventy-five representatives wer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nam Duck-woo
Nam Duck-woo (22 April 1924 – 18 May 2013) was the prime minister of South Korea from 1980 to 1982. Nam received his PhD in economics from Oklahoma State University. He served as finance minister from 1969 to 1974 under the presidency of Park Chung Hee. He was appointed as Deputy Prime Minister of South Korea in 1974 and served in this position till 1978. Under President Chun Doo-hwan, Nam was the prime minister from 1980 to 1982. Nam served as the International Chair of the Pacific Economic Cooperation Council (PECC) from 1983 to 1985. On May 18, 2013, Duck-woo died of testicular cancer Testicular cancer is cancer that develops in the testicles, a part of the male reproductive system. Symptoms may include a lump in the testicle or swelling or pain in the scrotum. Treatment may result in infertility. Risk factors include an c ... at the age of 89. See also * List of prime ministers of South Korea References 1924 births 2013 deaths Prime ministers of South ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shin Hyun-hwak
Shin Hyun-hwak (; October 29, 1920 – April 26, 2007) was a South Korean politician who served as the prime minister of South Korea from 1979 to 1980. He was a member of the Democratic Republican Party. Early life and career Shin was born in Chilgok County, North Gyeongsang Province on October 29, 1920. He studied at Daegu High School and graduated in law from Gyeongseong Imperial University in 1943, entering a career as a public official under Japanese rule. Following the establishment of the First Republic of Korea, Shin entered the Ministry of Commerce and Industry in 1951. He was elected part of the legislature of South Korea in 1973, in the Democratic Republican Party. Government Shin was the South Korean Minister of Health and Social Affairs between 1975 and 1978, becoming Deputy Prime Minister of South Korea in 1978. While Deputy Prime Minister, he was also minister for the economic planning board. Following the assassination of Park Chung Hee, Prime Minister ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kim Jong-pil
Kim Jong-pil (; January 7, 1926 – June 23, 2018), also known colloquially as JP, was a South Korean politician and the founder/first director of the Korean Central Intelligence Agency (KCIA, now the National Intelligence Service (South Korea), National Intelligence Service). He served as Prime Minister of South Korea, prime minister twice, from 1971 to 1975 during the presidency of Park Chung Hee (1961–1979) and from 1998 to 2000 during the presidency of Kim Dae-jung (1998–2003). He was a nine-term National Assembly (South Korea), National Assembly member. Park Chung Hee was his uncle-in-law, as JP married Park's niece, Park Young-ok. Early life Kim Jong-pil was born in Buyeo County, South Chungcheong Province. He initially attended Seoul National University's College of Education but graduated from the Korea Military Academy (KMA) in 1949 (8th graduating class). From September 1951 to March 1952, he studied at the U.S. Infantry School at Fort Benning, Georgia. He p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prime Minister Of South Korea
The prime minister of the Republic of Korea () is the deputy head of government and the second highest political office of South Korea. The prime minister is appointed by the president of the Republic of Korea, with the National Assembly's approval. The prime minister may be a member of the National Assembly, but this is not required to hold the office. Unlike prime ministers of parliamentary democracies, the prime minister of South Korea is not the head of government of South Korea but a senior member of the cabinet, since the president is both the head of state and head of government in the country. The prime minister is the principal executive assistant to the president, and is first in the order of succession; the prime minister assumes the presidency in acting capacity, upon the removal or incapacitation of the sitting president, similar to the vice president of the United States. The current acting prime minister is Lee Ju-ho, having taken office on 2 May 2025 after the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
