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Yunreng
Yunreng (6 June 1674 – 27 January 1725), born Yinreng, was a Manchu prince of the Qing dynasty. He was the second among the Kangxi Emperor's sons to survive into adulthood and was designated as Crown Prince for two terms between 1675 and 1712 before being deposed. He was posthumously honoured as Prince Limi of the First Rank. Biography Yunreng was born of the Manchu Aisin Gioro clan as the seventh son of the Kangxi Emperor, but was the second among the emperor's sons to survive into adulthood. He was given the infant name "Baocheng" (保成), and was renamed "Yinreng" when he became older. His mother was the Kangxi Emperor's first empress, Empress Xiaochengren from the Hešeri clan, who was also a granddaughter of Sonin (one of the four regents in the Kangxi Emperor's early reign). She died not long after giving birth to Yinreng, and was greatly lamented by the Kangxi Emperor. The Kangxi Emperor personally taught Yinreng to read and he proclaimed Yinreng as his Cro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prince Li (理)
Prince Li of the First Rank, or simply Prince Li, was the title of a princely peerage used in China during the Manchu-led Qing dynasty (1644–1912). As the Prince Li peerage was not awarded "iron-cap" status, this meant that each successive bearer of the title would normally start off with a title downgraded by one rank ''vis-à-vis'' that held by his predecessor. However, the title would generally not be downgraded to any lower than a ''feng'en fuguo gong'' except under special circumstances. The first bearer of the title was Yunreng (1674–1725), the Kangxi Emperor's second son and former heir apparent for two terms between 1675 and 1712. After Yunreng died, he was posthumously honoured with the title "Prince Li of the First Rank" by his fourth brother, the Yongzheng Emperor, who succeeded their father. The title was passed down over eight generations and held by ten persons. Members of the Prince Li peerage * Yunreng (1674–1725), the Kangxi Emperor's second son, posthum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hongxi (prince)
Hongxi (理親王 弘晳; 25 August 1694 – 26 October 1742), was the second son of the Crown Prince Yinreng and the grandson of Kangxi Emperor. His mother is Lady Ligiya, the secondary consort of Yunreng. Life Hongxi was born on July 25th in the 33rd year of Kangxi.Hongxi was cultivated by his grandfather Emperor Kangxi since childhood.He was adopted by Imperial Princess Consort Limi, of the Gūwalgiya clan. In the 53rd year of Kangxi (1714), the envoys sent by the King of Joseon returned to the country and expressed to the King the emperor intention: ''Hongxi is quite virtuous, it is difficult to abolish Yunreng" On November 13th, the 61st year of Kangxi (December 20, 1722), the palace rumored that Emperor Kangxi would only prepare a special title of Prince for Hongxi. .On November 13th, the 61st year of Kangxi (December 20, 1722), the palace rumored that Emperor Kangxi would only prepare a special title of Prince for his grandson Hongxi.The second son of the prince Yunren ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Empress Xiaochengren
Empress Xiaochengren (3 February 1654 – 6 June 1674), of the Manchu Plain Yellow Banner Hešeri clan, was a posthumous name bestowed to the wife and first empress consort of Xuanye, the Kangxi Emperor. She was Empress consort of Qing from 1665 until her death in 1674. Although her marriage was a purely political one, the Kangxi Emperor was very fond of her and left the position of empress vacant for about three years after her death. Life Family background Empress Xiaochengren's personal name was not recorded in history. * Father: Gabula (d.1681), served as a first rank military official (), and held the title of a first class duke () ** Paternal grandfather: Sonin (1601–1667), served as one of the Four Regents of the Kangxi Emperor, and held the title of a first class duke () ** Third paternal uncle: Songgotu (1636–1703) ** Fifth paternal uncle: Xinyu, held the title of a first class earl () ** Sixth paternal uncle: Fabao, held the title of a first class duke () * Tw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kangxi Emperor
The Kangxi Emperor (4 May 1654– 20 December 1722), also known by his temple name Emperor Shengzu of Qing, born Xuanye, was the third emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the second Qing emperor to rule over China proper, reigning from 1661 to 1722. The Kangxi Emperor's reign of 61 years makes him the longest-reigning emperor in Chinese history (although his grandson, the Qianlong Emperor, had the longest period of ''de facto'' power, ascending as an adult and maintaining effective power until his death) and one of the longest-reigning rulers in history. However, since he ascended the throne at the age of seven, actual power was held for six years by four regents and his grandmother, the Grand Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang. The Kangxi Emperor is considered one of China's greatest emperors. He suppressed the Revolt of the Three Feudatories, forced the Kingdom of Tungning in Taiwan and assorted Mongol rebels in the North and Northwest to submit to Qing rule, and blocked Tsa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heir Apparent
An heir apparent, often shortened to heir, is a person who is first in an order of succession and cannot be displaced from inheriting by the birth of another person; a person who is first in the order of succession but can be displaced by the birth of a more eligible heir is known as heir presumptive. Today these terms most commonly describe heirs to hereditary titles (e.g. titles of nobility) or offices, especially when only inheritable by a single person. Most monarchies refer to the heir apparent of their thrones with the descriptive term of ''crown prince'' or ''crown princess'', but they may also be accorded with a more specific substantive title: such as Prince of Orange in the Netherlands, Duke of Brabant in Belgium, Prince of Asturias in Spain (also granted to heirs presumptive), or the Prince of Wales in the United Kingdom; former titles include Dauphin in the Kingdom of France, and Tsesarevich in Imperial Russia. The term is also used metaphorically to indicat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yinzhi, Prince Zhi
Yinzhi (12 March 1672 – 7 January 1735), also known as Yunzhi, formally known as Prince Zhi of the Second Rank between 1698 and 1708, was a Manchu prince of the Qing dynasty. Life Yinzhi was born in the Aisin Gioro clan as the fifth son of the Kangxi Emperor. His mother was Consort Hui (惠妃) from the Yehe Nara (葉赫那拉) clan as well as a relative of the eminent official, Mingju. As the Kangxi Emperor's first four sons died prematurely, and Yinzhi was the emperor's eldest son to survive into adulthood, he was designated by his father as "First Prince" (大阿哥). In 1698, he was granted a ''junwang'' (second-rank prince) title as " Prince Zhi of the Second Rank" (多羅直郡王). Yinzhi participated in the Qing Empire's campaign against Galdan Boshugtu Khan of the Zunghar Khanate. In 1708, the Kangxi Emperor removed Yinreng from his position as Crown Prince. The emperor regarded Yinzhi highly so he placed Yinreng under Yinzhi's custody. Yinzhi had long harboured t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gūwalgiya
Gūwalgiya (Manchu Chinese: ; ) was one of the most powerful Manchu clans. It is often listed by historians as the first of the eight prominent Manchu clans of the Qing dynasty. After the demise of the dynasty, some of its descendants sinicized their clan name to the Han Chinese surname ''Guan'' (關). Notable figures Males * Fiongdon (; 1562–1620), close associate of Nurhaci ** Huisai (; d. 1651), Fiongdon's grandson *** Fuzhen (d. 1909), Huisai's descendant * Oboi (1610–1669), Fiongdon's nephew; served as one of the Four Regents of the Kangxi Emperor * Nardu (; d. 1676), Oboi's nephew * Bahai (d. 1696), early Qing dynasty general * Wenxiang (1818–1876), late Qing dynasty statesman * Ronglu (1836–1903), late Qing dynasty mandarin, major confidant of Empress Dowager Cixi * Guan Xiangying (; 1902–1946), Communist fighter, leader of the Communist Youth League of China * Kwan Shan (1933–2012), Hong Kong actor * John Kuan (born 1940), Kuomintang politician in Ta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hešeri
Hešeri (Chinese: 赫舍里; Pinyin: Hesheli; Manchu: ''Hešeri''), is a clan of Manchu nobility with Jianzhou Jurchens roots, originally hailing from the area which is now the modern Chinese provinces of Jilin and Liaoning. It was once one of the most important and powerful noble families in the early Qing dynasty in China, second only to the royal House of Aisin Gioro, to whom they were closely related by marriage. The power of the Hešeri family reached its zenith in the period of Duke Hešeri Sonin and his third son Lord Hešeri Songgotu (from approximately 1650 to 1705). Although its influence declined following Songgotu's death, the Hešeri clan continued to be the hereditary nobility and play a role in Chinese politics until the demise of the Qing dynasty in early 1912. History Origins The name Hešeri was first recorded in the ''Thirty Common Surnames of Jurchen'' during the later Tang dynasty (c. 800-850), and is said to be derived from the name of an ancestral riv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palace Of Heavenly Purity
The Palace of Heavenly Purity, or Qianqing Palace (; Manchu:; Möllendorff: ''kiyan cing gung'') is a palace in the Forbidden City in Beijing, China. It is the largest of the three halls of the Inner Court (the other two being the Hall of Union and the Palace of Earthly Tranquility), located at the northern end of the Forbidden City. During the Qing dynasty, the palace often served as the Emperor's audience hall, where he held council with the Grand Council. The Palace of Heavenly Purity is a double-eaved building, and set on a single-level white marble platform. It is connected to the Gate of Heavenly Purity to its south by a raised walkway. In the Ming dynasty, it was the residence of the Emperor. The large space was divided into nine rooms on two levels, with 27 beds. For security, on any one night the Emperor would randomly choose from any of these beds. This continued through the early Qing dynasty. However, when the Yongzheng Emperor ascended the throne, he did not wish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lama
Lama (; "chief") is a title for a teacher of the Dharma in Tibetan Buddhism. The name is similar to the Sanskrit term ''guru'', meaning "heavy one", endowed with qualities the student will eventually embody. The Tibetan word "lama" means "highest principle", and less literally "highest mother" or "highest parent" to show close relationship between teacher and student."lama" from Historically, the term was used for venerated spiritual masters or heads of . Today the title can be used as an [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yongzheng Emperor
, regnal name = , posthumous name = Emperor Jingtian Changyun Jianzhong Biaozhen Wenwu Yingming Kuanren Xinyi Ruisheng Daxiao Zhicheng Xian()Manchu: Temgetulehe hūwangdi () , temple name = Shizong()Manchu: Šidzung () , house = Aisin Gioro , dynasty = Qing , father = Kangxi Emperor , mother = Empress Xiaogongren , religion = Tibetan Buddhism The Yongzheng Emperor (13 December 1678 – 8 October 1735), also known by his temple name Emperor Shizong of Qing, born Yinzhen, was the fourth Emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the third Qing emperor to rule over China proper. He reigned from 1722 to 1735. A hard-working ruler, the Yongzheng Emperor's main goal was to create an effective government at minimal expense. Like his father, the Kangxi Emperor, the Yongzheng Emperor used military force to preserve the dynasty's position. Although Yongzheng's reign was much shorter than that of both his father (the Kangxi Emperor) and his son (the Qianlong Emperor), the Yongzheng er ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naming Taboo
A naming taboo is a cultural taboo against speaking or writing the given names of exalted persons, notably in China and within the Chinese cultural sphere. It was enforced by several laws throughout Imperial China, but its cultural and possibly religious origins predate the Qin dynasty. Not respecting the appropriate naming taboos was considered a sign of lacking education and respect, and brought shame both to the offender and the offended person. Types * The ''naming taboo of the state'' ( ''guóhuì'') discouraged the use of the emperor's given name and those of his ancestors. For example, during the Qin Dynasty, Qin Shi Huang's given name Zhèng (< B-S: *''teŋ-s'') was avoided, and the first month of the year, the ''upright month'' (; ''Zhèngyuè'') had its pronunciation modified to ''Zhēngyuè'' (OC ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
