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Yu (Cyrillic)
Yu or Ju (Ю ю; italics: ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script used in East Slavic and Bulgarian alphabets. In English, Yu is commonly romanized as or . In turn, is used, where available, in transcriptions of English letter (in open syllables), and also of the digraph. The sound , like in French and in German, may also be approximated by the letter . Pronunciation Sometimes, it is referred to as "Iotated U" because it is a so-called iotated vowel, pronounced in isolation as , like the pronunciation of in "human". After a consonant, no distinct sound is pronounced, but the consonant is softened. The exact pronunciation of the vowel sound of in Slavic languages depends also on the succeeding sound. Before a soft consonant, it is , the close central rounded vowel, as in 'rude'. Before a hard consonant or at the end of a word, the result is a back vowel , as in "pool". History Apart from the form ''I-O'', in early Slavonic manuscripts the letter appears also in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hangul
The Korean alphabet is the modern writing system for the Korean language. In North Korea, the alphabet is known as (), and in South Korea, it is known as (). The letters for the five basic consonants reflect the shape of the speech organs used to pronounce them. They are systematically modified to indicate Phonetics, phonetic features. The vowel letters are systematically modified for related sounds, making Hangul a featural writing system. It has been described as a syllabic alphabet as it combines the features of Alphabet, alphabetic and Syllabary, syllabic writing systems. Hangul was created in 1443 by Sejong the Great, the fourth king of the Joseon dynasty. The alphabet was made as an attempt to increase literacy by serving as a complement to Hanja, which were Chinese characters used to write Literary Chinese in Korea by the 2nd century BCE, and had been adapted to write Korean by the 6th century CE. Modern Hangul orthography uses 24 basic letters: 14 consona ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Omicron
Omicron (, ; uppercase Ο, lowercase ο, ) is the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet. This letter is derived from the Phoenician letter ayin: . In classical Greek, omicron represented the close-mid back rounded vowel in contrast to '' omega'' which represented the open-mid back rounded vowel and the digraph ''ου'' which represented the long close-mid back rounded vowel . In modern Greek, both omicron and omega represent the mid back rounded vowel or . Letters that arose from omicron include Roman O and Cyrillic O and Ю. The word literally means "little O" (''o mikron'') as opposed to "great O" (''ō mega''). In the system of Greek numerals, omicron has a value of 70. Use In addition to its use as an alphabetic letter, omicron is occasionally used in technical notation, but its use is limited since both upper case and lower case (Ο ο) are indistinguishable from the Latin letter "o" (O o) and difficult to distinguish from the Arabic numeral " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ue (Cyrillic)
Ue or Straight U (Ү ү; italics: ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. It is a form of the Cyrillic letter U (У у ) with a vertical, rather than diagonal, center line. Whereas a standard Cyrillic U resembles a lowercase Latin y, Ue instead uses the shape of a capital Latin Y, with each letter set higher or lower to establish its case. The lower case resembles the lower case of the Greek letter Gamma. Ue is used the alphabets of the Bashkir, Buryat, Kalmyk, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Mongolian, Sakha, Turkmen, Tatar and other languages. It commonly represents the front rounded vowels and in most Turkic languages, except in Mongolian where it represents . In Tuvan and Kyrgyz the Cyrillic letter can be written as a double vowel. Computing codes See also *Ü ü : Latin letter U with diaeresis, used in the Azerbaijani, Estonian, German, Hungarian, Turkish, and Turkmen languages. *Ư ư : Latin letter U with horn, used in Vietnamese alphabet *Y y : L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
U (Cyrillic)
U (У у; italics: ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. It commonly represents the close back rounded vowel , somewhat like the pronunciation of in "boot" or "rule". The forms of the Cyrillic letter U are similar to the lowercase of the Latin letter Y (Y y; ), with the lowercase Cyrillic letter U's form being identical to that of small Latin letter Y. History Historically, Cyrillic U evolved as a specifically East Slavic short form of the digraph used in ancient Slavic texts to represent . The digraph was itself a direct loan from the Greek alphabet, where the combination (omicron-upsilon) was also used to represent . Later, the o was removed, leaving the modern upsilon-only form. Consequently, the form of the letter is derived from Greek upsilon , which was parallelly also taken over into the Cyrillic alphabet in another form, as Izhitsa . (The letter Izhitsa was removed from the Russian alphabet in the orthography reform of 1917/19.) It is normal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Esophageal Speech
Esophageal speech, also known as esophageal voice, is an airstream mechanism for speech that involves oscillation of the esophagus. This contrasts with traditional laryngeal speech, which involves oscillation of the vocal folds. In esophageal speech, pressurized air is injected into the upper esophagus and then released in a controlled manner to create the airstream necessary for speech. Esophageal speech is a learned skill that requires speech training and much practice. On average it takes 6 months to a year to learn this form of speech. Because of the high level of difficulty in learning esophageal speech, some patients are unable to master the skill. The Voice Quality Symbol for esophageal speech is Œ. Clinical Esophageal speech is a skill that can help patients to communicate after a laryngectomy, the most common surgery used for the treatment of laryngeal cancer. In the operation, the larynx and the vocal cords are removed completely. After this, the end of the trachea i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voice Quality Symbol
Voice Quality Symbols (VoQS) are a set of phonetic symbols used to transcribe disordered speech for what in speech pathology is known as "voice quality". This phrase is usually synonymous with phonation in phonetics, but in speech pathology encompasses secondary articulation as well. VoQS symbols are normally combined with curly braces that span a section of speech, just as with prosody notation in the extended IPA (extIPA). In fact, they started off as part of extIPA before being split off. The symbols may be modified with a digit to convey relative degree of the quality. For example, is used for harsh voice, and indicates that the intervening speech is very harsh. indicates a lowered larynx. Thus, indicates that the intervening speech is less harsh with a lowered larynx. VoQS use mostly IPA or extended IPA diacritics on capital letters for the element being modified: V for 'voice'/articulation, L for 'larynx', and J for 'jaw'. Degree is marked 1 for slight, 2 for modera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Big Yus
Little yus (Ѧ, ѧ; italics: ) and big yus (Ѫ, ѫ; italics: ''Ѫ, ѫ''), or jus, are letters of the Cyrillic, Cyrillic script representing two Proto-Slavic, Common Slavonic nasal vowels in the early Cyrillic alphabet, early Cyrillic and Glagolitic alphabet, Glagolitic alphabets. Each can occur in iotation, iotated form (Ѩ ѩ, Ѭ ѭ), formed as typographic ligature, ligatures with the Dotted I (Cyrillic), decimal i (І). Other yus letters are closed little yus (Ꙙ ꙙ), iotated closed little yus (Ꙝ ꙝ) and blended yus (Ꙛ ꙛ). Phonetically, little yus represents a nasalized front vowel, possibly (like the French ‘in’ in “cinq” or Polish 'ę' in “kęs”), while big yus represents a nasalized back vowel, such as IPA (like the French ‘on’ in “bombon” or Polish 'ą' in “kąt”). This is also suggested by the appearance of each as a 'stacked' digraph of 'Am' and 'Om' respectively. The names of the letters do no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uk (Cyrillic)
Uk (Ѹ ѹ; italics: ''Ѹ ѹ'') is a digraph of the early Cyrillic alphabet of the letters О and У, although commonly considered and used as a single letter. To save space, it was often written as a vertical ligature (Ꙋ ꙋ), called "monograph Uk". In modern times, has been replaced by the simple . Ѹ is romanized as U, Ꙋ is romanized as Ū. Development in Old East Slavic The simplification of the digraph to was first brought about in Old East Slavic texts and only later taken over into South Slavic languages. One can see this development in the Novgorod birch-bark letters: The degree to which this letter was used here differed in two positions: in word-initial position or before a vowel (except for the jers), and after a consonant. Before a consonant, was used 89% of the time in the writings before 1100. By 1200, it was used 61% of the time, with the letter used 14% of the time; by 1300, оу had reached 28%, surpassed by at 45%. From the la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ya (Cyrillic)
Ya, Ia or Ja (Я я; italics: ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script, the civil script variant of Old Cyrillic Little Yus (). Among modern Slavic languages, it is used in the East Slavic languages and Bulgarian. It is also used in the Cyrillic alphabets used by Mongolian and many Uralic, Caucasian and Turkic languages of the former Soviet Union. Pronunciation The iotated vowel is pronounced in initial or post-vocalic positions, like the English pronunciation of in "yard". When follows a soft consonant, no sound occurs between the consonant and the vowel. The exact pronunciation of the vowel sound of depends also on the following sound by allophony in the Slavic languages. In Russian, before a soft consonant, it is , like in the English "cat". If a hard consonant follows or none, the result is an open vowel, usually []. This difference does not exist in the other Cyrillic languages. In non-stressed positions, the vowel reduction depends on the language and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iotated E (Cyrillic)
Iotated E or Iotated Ukrainian Ye also known as Iye( ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. It is used in the Church Slavonic language and Early Cyrillic. History Iotated E has no equivalent in the Glagolitic alphabet, and probably originated as a ligature of and to represent the sounds or . Usage Iotated E is found in some of the very oldest examples of Cyrillic writing, such as the tenth-century Mostich inscription or the Codex Suprasliensis, whereas in others, such as the Enina Apostle or Undol'skij Fragments, it is not present at all. It is plentifully attested in medieval manuscripts of both South Slavic and East Slavic provenance, co-existing with , which fulfils the same function. Orthographic practice nevertheless varies: some manuscripts use all three characters, some and , some and , and some only . Among the Eastern Slavs fell into disuse after the end of the fourteenth century, and it is not therefore represented in printed books from this area, or in m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pronunciation
Pronunciation is the way in which a word or a language is spoken. To This may refer to generally agreed-upon sequences of sounds used in speaking a given word or all language in a specific dialect—"correct" or "standard" pronunciation—or simply the way a particular individual speaks a word or language. Words' pronunciations can be found in reference works such as dictionaries. General-purpose dictionaries typically only include standard pronunciations, but regional or dialectal pronunciations may be found in more specific works. Orthoepy is the study of the pronunciation of a language. A word can be spoken in different ways by various individuals or groups, depending on many factors, such as: the duration of the cultural exposure of their childhood, the location of their current residence, speech or voice disorders, their ethnic group, their social class, or their education. Linguistic terminology Syllables are combinations of units of sound ( phones), for example "goo" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Front Vowel
A front vowel is a class of vowel sounds used in some spoken languages, its defining characteristic being that the highest point of the tongue is positioned approximately as far forward as possible in the mouth without creating a constriction that would otherwise make it a consonant. Front vowels are sometimes also called bright vowels because they are perceived as sounding brighter than the back vowels. Near-front vowels are essentially a type of front vowel; no language is known to contrast front and near-front vowels based on backness alone. Rounded front vowels are typically centralized, that is, near-front in their articulation. This is one reason they are written to the right of unrounded front vowels in the IPA vowel chart. Partial list The front vowels that have dedicated symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet are: * close front unrounded vowel * close front compressed vowel * near-close front unrounded vowel * near-close front compressed vowel * clos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
