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Yongyan
The Jiaqing Emperor (13 November 1760 – 2 September 1820), also known by his temple name Emperor Renzong of Qing, personal name Yongyan, was the sixth emperor of the Qing dynasty and the fifth Qing emperor to rule over China proper. He was the 15th son of the Qianlong Emperor. During his reign, he prosecuted Heshen, the corrupt favorite of his father and attempted to restore order within the empire while curbing the smuggling of opium into China. Assessments of his reign are mixed, either seen as the "beginning of the end" of the Qing dynasty, or as a period of moderate reform that presaged the intellectual movements of the 1860s. Early years Yongyan was born in the Old Summer Palace, 8 km (5 mi) northwest of the walls of Beijing. His personal name, "Yongyan" (永琰), was later changed to "Yongyan" (顒琰) when he became the emperor. The Chinese character for ''yong'' in his name was changed from the more common 永 to the less common 顒. This novelty was intr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daoguang Emperor
The Daoguang Emperor (16 September 1782 – 26 February 1850), also known by his temple name Emperor Xuanzong of Qing, personal name Mianning, was the seventh List of emperors of the Qing dynasty, emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the sixth Qing emperor to rule over China proper. His reign was marked by "external disaster and internal rebellion". These include the First Opium War and the beginning of the Taiping Rebellion which nearly brought down the dynasty. The historian Jonathan D. Spence, Jonathan Spence characterizes the Daoguang Emperor as a "well meaning but ineffective man" who promoted officials who "presented a purist view even if they had nothing to say about the domestic and foreign problems surrounding the dynasty". Early years The Daoguang Emperor was born in the Forbidden City, Beijing, in 1782, and was given the name Mianning (). It was later changed to Minning () when he became emperor. The first character of his private name was changed from ''Mian'' to ''Min' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Empress Xiaoyichun
Empress Xiaoyichun (23 October 1727 – 28 February 1775) of the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner Weigiya clan was an imperial consort of the Qing dynasty. She was the favored concubine of the Qianlong Emperor, with whom she conceived seven children. Life Family background Empress Xiaoyichun's personal name was not recorded in history. She was a Han Chinese Booi Aha of the Bordered Yellow Banner by birth. * Father: Wei Qingtai (), who served as a fifth rank literary official () in the Imperial Household Department and held the title of a third class duke () ** Paternal grandfather: Wei Jiuling () * Mother: Lady Yanggiya () * One elder sister Yongzheng era Lady Wei was born on the 9th day of the 9th lunar month in the 5th year of the reign of the Yongzheng Emperor, which translates to 23 October 1727 in the Gregorian calendar. Qianlong era It is not known when Lady Wei entered the Forbidden City. In 1745, she was granted the title "Noble Lady". On 9 December 1745, she was e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Emperors Of The Qing Dynasty
The Qing dynasty (1644–1912) was a Manchu-led Dynasties of China, imperial Chinese dynasty and the last imperial dynasty of China. It was officially proclaimed in 1636 in Shenyang in what is now Northeast China, but only captured Beijing and succeeded the Ming dynasty in China proper in 1644. The Qing dynasty collapsed when the imperial clan (surnamed House of Aisin-Gioro, Aisin Gioro) abdicated in February 1912, a few months after Wuchang Uprising, a military uprising had started the 1911 Revolution, Xinhai Revolution that led to the foundation of the Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic of China. Nurhaci (1559–1626), khan of the Jurchen people, Jurchens, founded the Later Jin (1616–1636), Later Jin dynasty in 1616 in reference to the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty (1115–1234), Jin dynasty (1115–1234) that had once ruled over northern China. His son and successor Hong Taiji (1592–1643) renamed his people "Manchu people, Manchu" in 1635 and changed the name of Nurhaci's s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Empress Xiaoshurui
Empress Xiaoshurui (孝淑睿皇后), of the Manchu Plain White Banner Hitara clan (喜塔臘氏) was a posthumous name bestowed to the wife and first empress consort of Yongyan, the Jiaqing Emperor. She was empress consort of Qing from 1796 until her death in 1797, having been empress for barely a year. Life Family background Empress Xiaoshurui's personal name was not recorded in history. * Father: He'erjing'e (), served as a second rank literary official () in the Imperial Household Department and a second rank military official (), and held the title of a third class duke () ** Paternal grandfather: Chang'an () ** Paternal grandmother: Lady Ligiya * Mother: Lady Wanggiya * Siblings: One elder brother (Shengzhu 盛柱) and two younger brother (Mengzhu 孟柱, Lingzhu 齡柱) Qianlong era The future Empress Xiaoshurui was born on the 24th day of the eighth lunar month in the 25th year of the reign of the Qianlong Emperor, which translates to 2 October 1760 in the Gregoria ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Empress Xiaoherui
Empress Xiaoherui (20 November 1776 – 23 January 1850), of the Manchu people, Manchu Eight Banners, Bordered Yellow Banner Niohuru clan, was a posthumous name bestowed to the wife and second empress consort of Jiaqing Emperor, Yongyan, the Jiaqing Emperor. She was empress consort of Qing from 1801 until her husband's death in 1820, after which she was honoured as Empress Dowager Gongci during the reign of her step-son, Daoguang Emperor, Mianning, the Daoguang Emperor. She was the longest-serving empress consort in Qing history. Life Family background Empress Xiaoherui's personal name was not recorded in history. * Father: Gūnggala (), served as the Three Departments and Six Ministries#Six Ministries, Minister of Works from 1810 to 1811, the Three Departments and Six Ministries#Six Ministries, Minister of War from 1811 to 1812 and the Three Departments and Six Ministries#Six Ministries, Minister of Rites from 1804 to 1810 and from 1812 to 1813, and held the title of a first c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
House Of Aisin-Gioro
The House of Aisin-Gioro is a Manchu clan that ruled the Later Jin dynasty (1616–1636), the Qing dynasty (1636–1912), and Manchukuo (1932–1945) in the history of China. Under the Ming dynasty, members of the Aisin Gioro clan served as chiefs of the Jianzhou Jurchens, one of the three major Jurchen tribes at this time. Qing bannermen passed through the gates of the Great Wall in 1644, and eventually conquered the short-lived Shun dynasty, Xi dynasty and Southern Ming dynasty. After gaining total control of China proper, the Qing dynasty later expanded into other adjacent regions, including Xinjiang, Tibet, Outer Mongolia, and Taiwan. The dynasty reached its zenith during the High Qing era and under the Qianlong Emperor, who reigned from 1735 to 1796. This reign was followed by a century of gradual decline. The house lost power in 1912 following the Xinhai Revolution. Puyi, the last Aisin-Gioro emperor, nominally maintained his imperial title in the Forbidden City unti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miankai, Prince Dunke Of The First Rank
Aisin Gioro Miankai (瑞懷親王 綿愷; 6 August 1795 – 18 January 1838), was a prince of the Qing Dynasty. He was the third son of the Jiaqing Emperor and was made the first holder of Prince Dun of the First Rank peerage. He was the elder brother of Mianxin born by the same consort, Empress Xiaoherui. Life In August in the 60th year of Qianlong's reign Miankai was born to Aisin Gioro Yongyan, the Crown Prince, and his secondary consort Lady Niohuru. In the eighteenth year of Jiaqing, Miankai followed Mianmin to arrest Cang Zhenmen. In the twenty-fourth year of Jiaqing, he was appointed as "Prince of The Second Rank" with the designation Dun. A year later, when Minning ascended the throne, he was raised to a prince of the first degree. In 1823, Miankai's wife, Lady Niohuru, entered the palace through the central gate, instead of the lateral doorways. Miankai tried to deny the charge and to evade. He was reprimanded for insolence, and several of his posts, were taken fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qianlong Emperor
The Qianlong Emperor (25 September 17117 February 1799), also known by his temple name Emperor Gaozong of Qing, personal name Hongli, was the fifth Emperor of China, emperor of the Qing dynasty and the fourth Qing emperor to rule over China proper. He reigned officially from 1735 until his abdication in 1796, but retained ultimate power subsequently until his death in 1799, making him one of the longest-reigning monarchs in history as well as one of the longest-lived. The fourth and favourite son of the Yongzheng Emperor, Qianlong ascended the throne in 1735. A highly ambitious military leader, he led Ten Great Campaigns, a series of campaigns into Inner Asia, Burma, Nepal and Vietnam and suppressed rebellions in Jinchuan County, Jinchuan and Taiwan. During his lifetime, he was given the deified title Emperor Manjushri by the Qing's Tibetan subjects. Domestically, Qianlong was a major patron of the arts as well as a prolific writer. He sponsored the compilation of the ''Siku Qu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Character
Chinese characters are logographs used to write the Chinese languages and others from regions historically influenced by Chinese culture. Of the four independently invented writing systems accepted by scholars, they represent the only one that has remained in continuous use. Over a documented history spanning more than three millennia, the function, style, and means of writing characters have changed greatly. Unlike letters in alphabets that reflect the sounds of speech, Chinese characters generally represent morphemes, the units of meaning in a language. Writing all of the frequently used vocabulary in a language requires roughly 2000–3000 characters; , nearly have been identified and included in '' The Unicode Standard''. Characters are created according to several principles, where aspects of shape and pronunciation may be used to indicate the character's meaning. The first attested characters are oracle bone inscriptions made during the 13th century BCE in w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Julia Lovell
Julia Lovell (born 1975) is a British scholar, author, and translator whose non-fiction books focus on China. Lovell is professor of Modern Chinese History and Literature at Birkbeck, University of London. Her works on the Opium Wars (''The Opium Wars: Drugs, Dreams and the Making of China'') and Maoism (''Maoism: A Global History'') were widely reviewed. Her translations include works by Lu Xun, Han Shaogong, Eileen Chang and others. Life and career Lovell was born in 1975 in Carlisle. Her parents were teachers who encouraged her to study foreign languages. She decided to study Chinese after reading Jung Chang's book '' Wild Swans'', which her mother lent her. Lovell completed her undergraduate and graduate degrees at Emmanuel College, Cambridge. She is an alumna of the Hopkins–Nanjing Center. Lovell is professor of Modern Chinese History and Literature at Birkbeck, University of London, where her research has been focused principally on the relationship between cult ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naming Taboo
A naming taboo is a cultural taboo against speaking or writing the given names of exalted persons, notably in China and within the Chinese cultural sphere. It was enforced by several laws throughout Imperial China, but its cultural and possibly religious origins predate the Qin dynasty. Not respecting the appropriate naming taboos was considered a sign of lacking education and respect, and brought shame both to the offender and the offended person. Types * The ''naming taboo of the state'' ( ''guóhuì'') discouraged the use of the emperor's given name and those of his ancestors. For example, during the Qin dynasty, Qin Shi Huang's given name Zhèng (< B-S: *''teŋ-s'') was avoided, and the first month of the year, the ''upright month'' (; ''Zhèngyuè'') had its pronunciation modified to ''Zhēngyuè'' (OC ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
