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Yiguandao
Yiguandao / I-Kuan Tao (), meaning the Consistent Way or Persistent Way, is a Chinese salvationist religions, Chinese salvationist religious sect that emerged in the late 19th century, in Shandong, to become China's most important redemptive society in the 1930s and 1940s, especially during the Japanese invasion. In the 1930s, Yiguandao spread rapidly throughout China led by Zhang Tianran, who is the eighteenth patriarch of the Latter Far East Tao Lineage, and Sun Suzhen, the first matriarch of the Lineage. Yiguandao started off with a few thousand followers in Shandong in the 1930s, but under the Patriarch and Matriarch's leadership and with missionary work the group grew to become the biggest movement in China in the 1940s with millions of followers. In 1949, Yiguandao was proscribed in mainland China as an illegal secret society and heresy, heretical cult as part of the greater Antireligious campaigns of the Chinese Communist Party, antireligious campaign that took place. Y ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhang Tianran
Zhang Tianran ( zh, t=張天然; 8 August 1889 – 29 September 1947), born Kui Sheng ( zh, t=奎生), was the eighteenth patriarch of the Yiguandao religious sect. He is usually referred to as the ''Father of Yiguandao'', or as ''Shi Zun'' (), meaning the ''Honored Teacher''. Early life Zhang Tianran (the religious name he would later be known for) was born under the name Kui Sheng, and also as Zhang Guangbi (). He was also known as Kung Chang (弓長; Kung and Chang are the two readings of the character Zhang). Zhang was born on the 19th day of the 7th lunar month in 1889, in Jining, a city in the northern Shandong province. He left home and traveled to Nanjing and Shanghai. At age 24, Zhang joined the army as a low ranking military officer. Zhang was then initiated into Yiguandao in 1914. The 17th patriarch, Lu Zhongyi, heard the conduct of Zhang and told him to join the organisation in Jining. Lu died in 1925, and was succeeded by his sister, Lu Zhongjie who temporaril ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lu Zhongyi
Lu Zhongyi (; 18 May 1849 – 26 February 1925) was the seventeenth patriarch of Yiguandao. His religious titles were ''Tung Li Zu'' and ''Jin Gong Zu Shi'' (金公祖師; Golden Elder). Lu is, according to Yiguandao doctrine, the incarnation of Maitreya. Early life He was born on May 18, 1853 (the 24th day of the 4th Lunar month) in 1853, in Jining, in China's Shandong province. He was said to be illiterate, his father died when he was young, left with his mother and sister Lu Zhongjie (路中節). He joined the army at age 22 and became an officer in the Manzhou Dongbei (Manchuria) government. Yiguandao leadership In 1895, he was said to have a dream from the Heavenly Mother for three days continuously instructing him to become the student of the 16th patriarch Liu Qingxu (Wang Jueyi's successor) and became Liu's household servant for several years. In 1905, in Qingzhou, there is instruction from the Heavenly Mother through spirit writing wrote that Lu Zhongyi was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sun Suzhen
Sun Suzhen (; 16 October 1895 – 4 April 1975) was the 18th matriarch of Yiguandao. She was the successor of Zhang Tianran. Early life Sun Suzhen was born in Shan County, Shandong on the 28th day of the eighth lunar month in 1895. She was introduced to Yiguandao in 1908 and became a student of Lu Zhongyi. She was regarded by Yiguandao's followers as the incarnation of the Yuehui "Moon Wisdom" Bodhisattva, the counterpart of Ji Gong. She became the 18th matriarch of Yiguandao, together with Zhang Tianran (the reincarnation of Ji Gong), in 1930. Yiguandao leadership After the death of Zhang in 1947, she took control of Yiguandao. Many of Zhang's followers followed her leadership. Only a small fraction stayed on with Madame Liu. When the communists took over China in 1949, Sun moved to Hong Kong. She then went to Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia for a short period (1951–52) then returned to Hong Kong. In Hong Kong, she was said to have left behind a large number of "heavenly ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wang Jueyi
Wang Jueyi (; 1821 – 1884), or Wang Yanghao (王养浩), born Wang Ximeng () or also referred to as Beihai Laoren (北海老人) was the founder of the sect “Religion for Final Salvation” / Mohou Yizhujiao (末后一着教) which later changed its name to Yiguandao "Unity Sect" and claimed the 15th Taoist patriarchate () Early life Wang Jueyi was born Wang Ximeng in 1833 in Qingzhou, Yidu province under the Qing dynasty. On account of his orphanhood in very young age, Wang was brought up in his uncle's family. When he was thirteen years old, he went to Liufu to herd cattle. He had studied Taoism, Confucianism and Buddhism. At the age of 17, Wang was initiated by the 14th patriarch Yao Hetian in Taiyuan, Shanxi. At the age of 27, he followed the Yao patriarch to spread the teachings. Xiantiandao, the Yao patriarch's group at the time was in a state of turmoil and was being divided due to oppression and suppression by the Qing government. Wang worked as a fortune teller ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Salvationist Religions
Chinese salvationist religions or Chinese folk religious sects are a Chinese religious tradition characterised by a concern for salvation (moral fulfillment) of the person and the society.; ''passim'' They are distinguished by egalitarianism, a founding charismatic person often informed by a divine revelation, a specific theology written in holy texts, a millenarian eschatology and a voluntary path of salvation, an embodied experience of the numinous through healing and self-cultivation, and an expansive orientation through evangelism and philanthropy. Some scholars consider these religions a single phenomenon, and others consider them the fourth great Chinese religious category alongside the well-established Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. Generally these religions focus on the worship of the universal God (Shangdi) and regard their holy patriarchs as embodiments of God. Terminology and definition "Chinese salvationist religions" () is a contemporary neologism coined as a s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xiwangmu
The Queen Mother of the West, known by #Names, various local names, is a mother goddess in Chinese folk religion, Chinese religion and Chinese mythology, mythology, also worshipped later in neighbouring countries. She is attested from ancient times. The first historical information on her can be traced back to Shang dynasty oracle bone inscriptions that record sacrifices to a "Western Mother". Even though these inscriptions illustrate that she predates organized Taoism, she is most often associated with Taoism. The growing popularity of the Queen Mother of the West, as well as the beliefs that she was the dispenser of prosperity, longevity, and eternal bliss, took place during Han dynasty, in the 2nd century BCE, when the northern and western parts of China became more accessible through the opening of the Silk Road. Names ''Queen Mother of the West'' is a calque of Xiwangmu in China, Chinese sources, Seiōbo in Japan, Seowangmo in Korea, and Tây Vương Mẫu in Vietnam. S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nüwa
Nüwa, also read Nügua, is a mother goddess, culture hero, and/or member of the Three Sovereigns of Chinese mythology. She is a goddess in Chinese folk religion, Chinese Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism. She is credited with creating humanity and repairing the Pillar of Heaven. As creator of mankind, she molded humans individually by hand with yellow clay. In other stories where she fulfills this role, she only created nobles and/or the rich out of yellow soil. The stories vary on the other details about humanity's creation, but it was a tradition commonly believed in ancient China that she created commoners from brown mud. A story holds that she was tired when she created "the rich and the noble", so all others, or "cord-made people", were created from her "dragg nga string through mud". In the ''Huainanzi'', there is a description of a great battle between deities that broke the pillars supporting Heaven and caused great devastation. There was great flooding, and Heaven h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kunlun Mountain (mythology)
The Kunlun () or Kunlun Shan is a mountain or mountain range in Chinese mythology, an important symbol representing the ''axis mundi'' and divinity. The mythological Kunlun is based on various sources—mythologic and geographic—of the modern so-called Kunlun Mountains of the Tibetan Plateau and Mount Kailash (as an archetypal '' omphalos''). The term "Kunlun" has also been applied to Southeastern Asian lands or islands and seemingly even Africa—although the relationship to the mountain is not clear beyond the nomenclature. In any case, Kunlun refers to distant, exotic, and mysterious places. Different locations of Kunlun have been ascribed in the various legends, myths, and semi-historical accounts in which it appears. These accounts typically describe Kunlun as the dwelling place of various gods and goddesses where fabled plants and mythical creatures may also be found. Many important events in Chinese mythology were based around Kunlun. Historical development As the mythol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islam In China
Islam has been practiced in China since the 7th century CE.. There are an estimated 17–25 million Muslims in China, less than 2 percent of the total population. Though Hui people, Hui Muslims are the most numerous group, the greatest concentration of Muslims reside in northwestern China's Xinjiang autonomous region, which contains a significant Uyghurs, Uyghur population. Lesser yet significant populations reside in the regions of Ningxia, Gansu and Qinghai. Of Ethnic minorities in China, China's 55 officially recognized minority peoples, ten of these groups are predominantly Sunni Islam, Sunni Muslim. History The Silk Road, which comprised a series of extensive inland trade routes that spread all over the Mediterranean to East Asia, was used since 1000 BCE and continued to be used for millennia. For more than half of this long period of time, most of the traders were Muslim and moved towards the East. Not only did these traders bring their goods, they also carried with the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fuxi
Fuxi or Fu Hsi ( zh, c=伏羲) is a culture hero in Chinese mythology, credited along with his sister and wife Nüwa with creating humanity and the invention of music, hunting, fishing, domestication, and cooking, as well as the Cangjie system of writing Chinese characters around 2900 BC or 2000BC. He is also said to be the originator of bagua (the eight trigrams) after observing that there were eight fundamental building blocks in nature: heaven, earth, water, fire, thunder, wind, mountain, and lake. These eight are all made of different combinations of yin and yang, which are what came to be called bagua. Fuxi was counted as the first mythical emperor of China, "a divine being with a serpent's body" who was miraculously born, a Taoist deity, and/or a member of the Three Sovereigns at the beginning of the Chinese dynastic period. Some representations show him as a human with snake-like characteristics, "a leaf-wreathed head growing out of a mountain", "or as a man clothed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yin And Yang
Originating in Chinese philosophy, yin and yang (, ), also yinyang or yin-yang, is the concept of opposite cosmic principles or forces that interact, interconnect, and perpetuate each other. Yin and yang can be thought of as complementary and at the same time opposing forces that interact to form a dynamic system in which the whole is greater than the assembled parts and the parts are as important for the cohesion of the whole. In Chinese cosmology, the universe creates itself out of a primary chaos of primordial qi or material energy, organized into the cycles of yin and yang, force and motion leading to form and matter. "Yin" is retractive, passive and contractive in nature, while "yang" is repelling, active and expansive in principle; this dichotomy in some form, is seen in all things in nature—patterns of change and difference. For example, biological, psychological and seasonal cycles, the historical evolution of landscapes over days, weeks, years to eons. The origin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
