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Yerambam
Yerambam () was an ancient Indian mathematical treatise in the Tamil language. It was among the few ancient Tamil works on mathematics such as the work of Kanakkadhigaram and the manuscripts of Kilvaai and Kulimaattru. The work Yerambam was one of the works in the corpus of ancient Tamil mathematical works, which includes several other works such as ''Kilaralaabam'', ''Adhisaram'', ''Kalambagam'', ''Thribuvana Thilagam'', ''Kanidha Rathinam'', and ''Sirukanakku''. In addition to these, there were two other works for which the name of the author is known: ''Kanakku Nool'' by Kaakkai Paadiniyaar and ''Kanakkadhigaram'' by Kaarinaayanar. Kaarinaayanar cites Yerambam and the six other works in the ancient corpus as the sources of his work ''Kanakkadhigaram''. Yerambam is also explicitly mentioned by name by Parimelalhagar in his commentary on Thirukkural. According to Devaneya Pavanar, the work is completely lost to modern times. See also * Kaṇakkatikāram * Kaṇita Tīpik ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parimelalhagar
Parimelalhagar (), sometimes spelled Parimelazhagar, born Vanduvarai Perumal, was a Tamil poet and scholar known for his commentary on the ''Thirukkural''. He was the last among the canon of ten medieval commentators of the Kural text most highly esteemed by scholars. He was also among the five oldest commentators whose commentaries had been preserved and made available to the Modern era, the others being Manakkudavar, Pari Perumal, Kaalingar, and Paridhi. Of all the ancient commentaries available of the Kural literature, Parimelalhagar's commentary is considered by scholars as the best both in textual and literary aspects. The codification of the writings of Valluvar is attributed to Parimelalhagar. Parimelalhagar also remains the most reviewed, in terms of both praise and criticism, of all the medieval Kural commentators. Praised for its literary richness and clarity, Parimelalhagar's commentary is considered highly complex and exquisite in its own right that it has several ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indian Mathematics
Indian mathematics emerged in the Indian subcontinent from 1200 BCE until the end of the 18th century. In the classical period of Indian mathematics (400 CE to 1200 CE), important contributions were made by scholars like Aryabhata, Brahmagupta, Bhaskara II, Varāhamihira, and Madhava of Sangamagrama, Madhava. The Decimal, decimal number system in use today: "The measure of the genius of Indian civilisation, to which we owe our modern (number) system, is all the greater in that it was the only one in all history to have achieved this triumph. Some cultures succeeded, earlier than the Indian, in discovering one or at best two of the characteristics of this intellectual feat. But none of them managed to bring together into a complete and coherent system the necessary and sufficient conditions for a number-system with the same potential as our own." was first recorded in Indian mathematics. Indian mathematicians made early contributions to the study of the concept of 0 (number), ze ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tamil Language
Tamil (, , , also written as ''Tamizhil'' according to linguistic pronunciation) is a Dravidian language natively spoken by the Tamil people of South Asia. It is one of the longest-surviving classical languages in the world,. "Tamil is one of the two longest-surviving classical languages in India" (p. 7). attested since 300 BC, 300 BCE.: "...the most acceptable periodisation which has so far been suggested for the development of Tamil writing seems to me to be that of A Chidambaranatha Chettiar (1907–1967): 1. Sangam Literature – 200BC to AD 200; 2. Post Sangam literature – AD 200 – AD 600; 3. Early Medieval literature – AD 600 to AD 1200; 4. Later Medieval literature – AD 1200 to AD 1800; 5. Pre-Modern literature – AD 1800 to 1900" at p. 610 Tamil was the lingua franca for early maritime traders in South India, with Tamil inscriptions found outside of the Indian subcontinent, such as Indonesia, Thailand, and Egypt. The language has a well-documented history wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Devaneya Pavanar
Devaneya Pavanar (also known as G. Devaneyan, Ñanamuttan Tevaneyan; 7 February 1902 – 15 January 1981) was an Indian scholar who wrote over 35 research volumes on Tamil language and literature. Additionally, he was a staunch proponent of the " Pure Tamil movement" and initiated the Etymological Dictionary Project primarily to bring out the roots of Tamil words and their connections and ramifications with Nostratic studies. In his 1966 ''Primary Classical language of the World'', he argues that the Tamil language is the "most natural" (') and also a proto-world language, being the oldest (') language of the world, from which all other major languages of the world are derived. He believed that its literature, later called Sangam literature and usually considered to have been written from 200 BCE and 300 CE, spanned a huge period from 10,000 to 5,500 BCE. Mainstream linguists, geologists and historians do not subscribe to his theories. Devaneya Pavanar composed many musical pi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaṇakkatikāram
''Kaṇakkatikāram'' is a Tamil mathematics book believed to have been written by Kari Nayanar hailing from Korakaiyur in Cholanad. Considering the internal evidences, the work has been dated to 15th century CE. "It is significant that the mathematical methods found in these delve into the material life of the people and approach the dimensions of daily labor enumeratively." According to the author, the contents of the book are based on material available in standard Sanskrit treatises on mathematics like 'Līlāvatī". ''Kaṇakkatikāram'' in Malayalam ''Kaṇakkatikāram'' was popular in Kerala also and it had been in wide use as a textbook for teaching arithmetic to children in the elementary schools in Kerala during the pre-Independence era. A team of researchers at ETH Zurich ETH Zurich (; ) is a public university in Zurich, Switzerland. Founded in 1854 with the stated mission to educate engineers and scientists, the university focuses primarily on science, techn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaṇita Tīpikai
Kaṇita Tīpikai (Gaṇita Dīpika) is a Tamil book authored by Paṇṭala Rāmasvāmi Nāykkar and published in 1825 dealing with arithmetic. It is the first Tamil book on mathematics ever to be printed and it is the first Tamil book ever to introduce the symbol for zero and also to discuss the decimal place value notation or positional notation using Tamil numerals. (Chapter in "Negotiating with the Past: Classical Tamil in Contemporary Tamil" edited by M. Kannan and Carlos Mena) Iravatham Mahadevan, a well known Indian epigraphist, and M. V. Bhaskar noted thus in an article published in The Hindu in December 2011: "The convention of using symbols for 10, 100, and 1000 in expressing the higher numerals was current in Tamil Nadu until the advent of printing and the adoption of the international form of Indian numerals with place-value system." Senthi Babu D, a historian and researcher attached to the French Institute of Pondicherry, observes: :"Pantulu Ramasamy Naicker authored ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tamil Literature
Tamil literature includes a collection of literary works that have come from a tradition spanning more than two thousand years. The oldest extant works show signs of maturity indicating an even longer period of evolution. Contributors to the Tamil literature are mainly from Tamil people from south India, including the land now comprising Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Sri Lankan Tamil people, Eelam Tamils from Sri Lanka, as well as the Tamil diaspora. The history of Tamil literature follows the history of Tamil Nadu, closely following the social, economical, political and cultural trends of various periods. The early Sangam literature, dated before 300 BCE, contain anthologies of various poets dealing with many aspects of life, including love, war, social values and religion.Akananuru (1, 15, 31, 55, 61, 65, 91, 97, 101, 115, 127, 187, 197, 201, 211, 233, 251, 265, 281, 311, 325, 331, 347, 349, 359, 393, 281, 295), Kurunthogai (11), and Natrinai (14, 75) are dated before 300 BCE. This was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sangam Literature
The Sangam literature (Tamil language, Tamil: சங்க இலக்கியம், ''caṅka ilakkiyam''), historically known as 'the poetry of the noble ones' (Tamil language, Tamil: சான்றோர் செய்யுள், ''Cāṉṟōr ceyyuḷ''), connotes the early classical Tamil literature and is the earliest known literature of South India. The Tamil tradition links it to Legendary Tamil Sangams, legendary literary gatherings around Madurai in the ancient Pandya dynasty, Pandya kingdom. It is generally accepted by most scholars that the historical Sangam literature era, also known as the Sangam period, spanned from 100 BCE to 250 CE, on the basis of linguistic, epigraphic, archaeological, numismatic and historical data; though some scholars give a broader range of 300 BCE to 300 CE. The Eighteen Greater Texts (Patiṉeṇmēlkaṇakku), along with the Tamil grammar work Tolkāppiyam, Tolkappiyam, are collectively considered as Sangam literature. These tex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Books About Mathematics
A book is a structured presentation of recorded information, primarily verbal and graphical, through a medium. Originally physical, electronic books and audiobooks are now existent. Physical books are objects that contain printed material, mostly of writing and images. Modern books are typically composed of many pages bound together and protected by a cover, what is known as the ''codex'' format; older formats include the scroll and the tablet. As a conceptual object, a ''book'' often refers to a written work of substantial length by one or more authors, which may also be distributed digitally as an electronic book ( ebook). These kinds of works can be broadly classified into fiction (containing invented content, often narratives) and non-fiction (containing content intended as factual truth). But a physical book may not contain a written work: for example, it may contain ''only'' drawings, engravings, photographs, sheet music, puzzles, or removable content like pap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
