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Yaakov Ben Yakar
Yaakov ben Yakar (990 – 1064) was a German Talmudist. He flourished in the first half of the 11th century. He was a pupil of Gershom ben Judah in Mainz, and is especially known as the teacher of Rashi, who characterizes him as ''Mori HaZaken'' (my teacher the elder). Yaakov was one of the leading Talmudic authorities of his time. In some cases Rashi disagrees with the opinions of his teacher Yaakov. It appears that Yaakov had already written commentaries on portions of the Talmud before Rashi. Much in Rashi's commentary on the Talmud is derived from oral communications of Yaakov. When Rashi says simply "my teacher" without naming any one he is always referring to his teacher Yaakov. It appears, based on a remark of Rashi, that Yaakov was engaged in interpreting the Tanakh and in the study of Hebrew Hebrew (; ''ʿÎbrit'') is a Northwest Semitic languages, Northwest Semitic language within the Afroasiatic languages, Afroasiatic language family. A regional dialect of the Ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Talmud
The Talmud (; ) is the central text of Rabbinic Judaism and the primary source of Jewish religious law (''halakha'') and Jewish theology. Until the advent of Haskalah#Effects, modernity, in nearly all Jewish communities, the Talmud was the centerpiece of Jewish culture, Jewish cultural life and was foundational to "all Jewish thought and aspirations", serving also as "the guide for the daily life" of Jews. The Talmud includes the teachings and opinions of thousands of rabbis on a variety of subjects, including halakha, Jewish ethics, Jewish philosophy, philosophy, Jewish customs, customs, Jewish history, history, and Jewish folklore, folklore, and many other topics. The Talmud is a commentary on the Mishnah. This text is made up of 63 Masekhet, tractates, each covering one subject area. The language of the Talmud is Jewish Babylonian Aramaic. Talmudic tradition emerged and was compiled between the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE and the Arab conquest in the early seve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gershom Ben Judah
Gershom ben Judah, (c. 960–1040) best known as Rabbeinu Gershom (, "Our teacher Gershom") and also commonly known to scholars of Rabbinic Judaism by the title ''Rabbeinu Gershom Me'Or Hagolah'' ("Our teacher Gershom the light of the exile"), was a famous Talmudist and Halakhist. Less than a century after Gershom's death Rashi said of him, "all members of the Ashkenazi diaspora are students of his." As early as the 14th century, Asher ben Jehiel wrote that Rabbeinu Gershom's writings were "such permanent fixtures that they may well have been handed down on Mount Sinai." He is most famous for the synod he called around 1000 CE, in which he instituted various laws and bans, including prohibiting polygamy, requiring the consent of both parties to a divorce, modifying the rules concerning those who became apostates under compulsion, and prohibiting the opening of correspondence addressed to someone else. Biography Gershom was born in Metz in 960. After his first wife died he ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mainz
Mainz (; #Names and etymology, see below) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, and with around 223,000 inhabitants, it is List of cities in Germany by population, Germany's 35th-largest city. It lies in the Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region—Germany's second-largest metropolitan region after Rhine-Ruhr—which also encompasses the cities of Frankfurt am Main, Wiesbaden, Darmstadt, Offenbach am Main, and Hanau. Mainz is located at the northern end of the Upper Rhine Plain, on the left bank of the Rhine. It is the largest city of Rhenish Hesse, a region of Rhineland-Palatinate that was historically part of Grand Duchy of Hesse, Hesse, and is Rheinhessen (wine region), one of Germany's most important wine regions because of its mild climate. Mainz is connected to Frankfurt am Main by the Rhine-Main S-Bahn rapid transit system. Before 1945, Mainz had six boroughs on the other side of the Rhine (see: :de:Rechtsrheinische St ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rashi
Shlomo Yitzchaki (; ; ; 13 July 1105) was a French rabbi who authored comprehensive commentaries on the Talmud and Hebrew Bible. He is commonly known by the List of rabbis known by acronyms, Rabbinic acronym Rashi (). Born in Troyes, Rashi studied Torah studies in Worms, Germany, Worms under German rabbi Yaakov ben Yakar and French rabbi Isaac ben Eliezer Halevi, both of whom were pupils of the famed scholar Gershom ben Judah. After returning to Troyes, Rashi joined the , began answering Halakha, halakhic questions and later served as the 's head after the death of Zerach ben Abraham. Rashi is generally considered a leading biblical exegete in the Middle Ages. Acclaimed for his ability to present the basic meaning of the text in a concise and lucid fashion, Rashi's commentaries appeal to both learned scholars and beginning students, and his works remain a centerpiece of contemporary Torah study. A large fraction of rabbinic literature published since the Middle Ages discusses Ra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tanakh
The Hebrew Bible or Tanakh (;"Tanach" . ''''. ; ; or ), also known in Hebrew as (; ), is the canonical collection of scriptures, comprising the (the five Books of Moses), the |
Hebrew Language
Hebrew (; ''ʿÎbrit'') is a Northwest Semitic language within the Afroasiatic language family. A regional dialect of the Canaanite languages, it was natively spoken by the Israelites and remained in regular use as a first language until after 200 CE and as the liturgical language of Judaism (since the Second Temple period) and Samaritanism. The language was revived as a spoken language in the 19th century, and is the only successful large-scale example of linguistic revival. It is the only Canaanite language, as well as one of only two Northwest Semitic languages, with the other being Aramaic, still spoken today. The earliest examples of written Paleo-Hebrew date back to the 10th century BCE. Nearly all of the Hebrew Bible is written in Biblical Hebrew, with much of its present form in the dialect that scholars believe flourished around the 6th century BCE, during the time of the Babylonian captivity. For this reason, Hebrew has been referred to by Jews as '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eliakim Ben Meshullam HaLevi
Eliakim ben Meshullam Halevi (born about 1030; died at the end of the eleventh century in Speyer, Rhenish Bavaria) was a German rabbi, Talmudist and ''payyeṭan''. He studied at the ''yeshivot'' in Mainz and Worms, having Rashi as a fellow student. Eliakim himself founded a Talmudical school in Speyer. He wrote a commentary on all the tractates of the ''Talmud'' except '' Berakot'' and ''Niddah'' (see Solomon Luria, Responsa, No. 29, and Asher ben Jehiel, Responsa, Rule 1, § 8), which was used by scholars as late as the fourteenth century. At present there exists only the commentary on ''Yoma,'' in manuscript (Codex Munich, No. 216). Ritual decisions by Eliakim are mentioned by Rashi ("Pardes," 42a, 44c, 48a). He was the composer of a ''piyyuṭ,'' to be read when a circumcision takes place in the synagogue on a Saturday. References * Azulai, Shem ha-Gedolim, i. 28 *Michael, Or ha-Ḥayyim, No. 221 *Leser Landshuth, 'Ammude ha-'Abodah, p. 24 *Berliner, in Monatsschrift, 18 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solomon Ben Samson
Solomon ben Samson was a scholar of Worms in the eleventh century. He was a teacher and relative of Rashi, who refers to him as an authority beside his other teacher, Isaac ha-Levi. Most probably he is identical with the Solomon ben Samson mentioned as a native of Vitry, this name being apparently an error for Lorraine, among whose scholars he is cited."Or Zarua'," i. 116a. Notes References * Henri Gross, ''Gallia Judaica'', pp. 217, 295online * Leopold Zunz Leopold Zunz (—''Yom Tov Tzuntz'', —''Lipmann Zunz''; 10 August 1794 – 17 March 1886) was the founder of academic Judaic Studies ('' Wissenschaft des Judentums''), the critical investigation of Jewish literature, hymnology and ritual. Nah ..., ''Literaturgeschichte'' p. 157online * Zunz, ''Zur Geschichte und Literatur'' p. 192online {{DEFAULTSORT:Solomon Ben Samson 11th-century scholars 11th-century German writers 11th-century German Jews Medieval Jewish scholars ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meat On Charcoals
The ''Book of Meat over Coals'' () is a lost halakhic work, first cited in the 11th century. Dozens quotes from it survive, some in printed books and some still in manuscript. Name Some suggest that the name references a passage in the Talmud about ''bishul yisrael'': "If a Jew places meat on coals, and a gentile comes and turns in over, the meat is permitted". Yaakov ben Moshe Levi Moelin wrote: "The book is called ''Meat over Coals'' because its contents have the taste (a pun, Heb. ''ta'am'' means both literal "taste" and "good sense") of meat roasted over coals", an approach followed by Chaim Yosef David Azulai. According to Abraham Berliner, "there can no question that the title is its lost incipit". Authorship The identity of the author is unknown. In one manuscript of the ''Greater'' ''Glosses to the Mordechai'', it is attributed to a certain "Rav Bibi Gaon". [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Early Sages Of Ashkenaz
''The'' is a grammatical Article (grammar), article in English language, English, denoting nouns that are already or about to be mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The'' is the Most common words in English, most frequently used word in the English language; studies and analyses of texts have found it to account for seven percent of all printed English-language words. It is derived from gendered articles in Old English which combined in Middle English and now has a single form used with nouns of any gender. The word can be used with both singular and plural nouns, and with a noun that starts with any letter. This is different from many other languages, which have different forms of the definite article for different genders or numbers. Pronunciation In most dialects, "the" is pronounced as (with the voiced dental fricative followed by a schwa) when followed by a con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avraham Grossman
Avraham Grossman (; 10 March 1936 – 27 March 2024) was an Israeli historian and professor in the Jewish history department at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, recipient of the 2003 Israel Prize for his contributions to Jewish history. Biography Avraham Grossman was born on 10 March 1936, in Tiberias, and grew up in Mishmar HaYarden. In 1948 his family moved to Haifa. He served in the Education and Youth Corps of the Israel Defense Forces. After his military service, he started his studies in the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in Jewish history and Talmud for his bachelor's and master's degrees, respectively. His master's thesis was about Gershom ben Judah and was supervised by Ephraim Urbach. His doctoral work, ''The Rabbinical literature of Ashkenaz and Northern France in the eleventh century'', was also supervised by Urbach. Grossman got his doctorate in 1974 [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henri Gross
Heinrich Gross, written also as Henri Gross (born Szenicz, Hungarian Kingdom, now Senica, Slovakia, 6 November 1835; died 1910), was a German rabbi. He was a pupil in rabbinical literature of . After graduating from the Breslau seminary and from the University of Halle, where he received his Ph.D. in 1866; his thesis on Leibniz obtained the university prize, he was engaged as a private teacher by Baron Horace Günzburg at Paris. During a residence of two years in that city Gross, collected in the Bibliothèque Nationale the material for his work ''Gallia Judaica''. In 1869, he went to Berlin, where he associated with Leopold Zunz, whose methods of research he admired and adopted. In 1870, he was called to the rabbinate of Gross-Strelitz, Silesia. From 1875 he was rabbi of Augsburg Augsburg ( , ; ; ) is a city in the Bavaria, Bavarian part of Swabia, Germany, around west of the Bavarian capital Munich. It is a College town, university town and the regional seat of the Swabi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
