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Xu Yi (Western Jin)
Xu Yi (徐義, 221 – 21 May 298) was a Chinese woman from the Three Kingdoms to the early Western Jin period. She was the nursemaid of Jia Nanfeng, an empress of the Western Jin dynasty. The position of nursemaid and trusted court maid of an Empress elevated her and her family's position to a higher status, being involved in many of the court intrigues behind the scenes, even during the fateful War of the Eight Princes. Her achievements were recognized by the Emperor and ministers, receiving the honorary title of "Meiren" (美人). Because of this, her case was immortalized in the "Book of Jin" and in the detailed and ornate inscriptions on her tombstone. Early life While historical records do not provide detailed information about Xu Yi's life, a comprehensive account of her life is preserved in the "Inscription on the Tombstone of Xu Yi, Nursemaid of Jia Nanfeng," which was unearthed in 1953. The following is a summary of her life based on this inscription, supplemented wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Three Kingdoms
The Three Kingdoms of Cao Wei, Shu Han, and Eastern Wu dominated China from AD 220 to 280 following the end of the Han dynasty. This period was preceded by the Eastern Han dynasty and followed by the Jin dynasty (266–420), Western Jin dynasty. Academically, the periodisation begins with the establishment of Cao Wei in 220 and ends with the conquest of Wu by Jin in 280. The period immediately preceding the Three Kingdoms, from 184 to 220, was marked by chaotic infighting among warlords across China as Han authority collapsed. The period from 220 to 263 was marked by a comparatively stable arrangement between Cao Wei, Shu Han, and Eastern Wu. This stability broke down with the conquest of Shu by Wei in 263, followed by the usurpation of Cao Wei by Jin in 266 and ultimately the conquest of Wu by Jin in 280. The Three Kingdoms period including the collapse of the Han was one of the most dangerous in Chinese history due to multiple plagues, widespread famines, and civil war. A n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emperor Wu Of Jin
Emperor Wu of Jin (; 236 – 16 May 290), personal name Sima Yan (), courtesy name Anshi (安世), was a grandson of Sima Yi, nephew of Sima Shi and son of Sima Zhao. He became the first emperor of the Jin dynasty (266–420), Jin dynasty after forcing Cao Huan, last Emperor of China, emperor of the state of Cao Wei, to abdicate to him. He reigned from 266 to 290, and after Conquest of Wu by Jin, conquering the state of Eastern Wu in 280, was the emperor of a reunified China. Emperor Wu was also known for his extravagance and sensuality, especially after the unification of China; legends boasted of his incredible potency among ten thousand concubines. Emperor Wu was commonly viewed as generous and kind, but also wasteful. His generosity and kindness undermined his rule, as he became overly tolerant of the noble families' (世族 or 士族, a political/bureaucratic landlord class from Eastern han, Eastern Han to Tang dynasty) corruption and wastefulness, which drained the pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
221 Births
__NOTOC__ Year 221 ( CCXXI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Gratus and Vitellius (or, less frequently, year 974 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 221 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * June 26 – Emperor Elagabalus adopts his cousin Alexander Severus as his heir, and receives the title of Caesar. * July – Elagabalus is forced to divorce Aquilia Severa, and marries his third wife Annia Faustina. After five months he returns to Severa, and claims that the original divorce is invalid. The marriage is symbolic, because Elagabalus appears to be homosexual or bisexual. According to the historian Cassius Dio, he has a stable relationship with his chariot driver, the slave Hierocles. Asia * May 15 – Liu Bei, Chinese warl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
298 Deaths
Year 298 ( CCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Faustus and Gallus (or, less frequently, year 1051 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 298 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * Spring: Emperor Diocletian retakes Alexandria and crushes the usurpation of Aurelius Achilleus. * Diocletian then travels into Upper Egypt and possibly campaigns on the Nubian frontier. In either this year or in 300/301, he makes agreements with the Meroitic Nubians and the Blemmyes. He agrees to pay subsidies to both peoples, and he cedes the Dodecashoenos to the Nubians on the understanding that the Nubians will defend the region against the Blemmyes. * Caesar Galerius restores Tiridates III to the throne of Armenia and invades the Sassanid Empire. His ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nannies
A nanny is a person who provides child care. Typically, this care is given within the children's family setting. Throughout history, nannies were usually servants in large households and reported directly to the lady of the house. Today, modern nannies, like other domestic workers, may live in or out of the house, depending on their circumstances and those of their employers. Some employment agencies specialize in providing nannies, as there are families that specifically seek them and may make them a part of the household. Nannies differ slightly from other child care providers. A childminder works out of their own home, operating as a small business. In America, childminders are often advertised as a daycare. Depending on the country the childminder or daycare is in, government registration may or may not be required. Within the UK, a childminder must be Ofsted-registered, hold a current paediatric first aid qualification, public liability insurance and follow the EYFS. A mothe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Book Of Jin
The ''Book of Jin'' is an official Chinese historical text covering the history of the Jin dynasty (266–420), Jin dynasty from 266 to 420. It was compiled in 648 by a number of officials commissioned by the imperial court of the Tang dynasty, with Chancellor (China), chancellor Fang Xuanling as the lead editor, drawing mostly from official documents left from earlier archives. A few essays in volumes 1, 3, 54 and 80 were composed by the Tang dynasty's Emperor Taizong of Tang, Emperor Taizong himself. However, the contents of the ''Book of Jin'' included not only the history of the Jin dynasty, but also that of the Sixteen Kingdoms period, which was contemporaneous with the Eastern Jin dynasty. Compilation Over 20 histories of the Jin had been written during the Jin era itself and the subsequent Northern and Southern dynasties, of which Eighteen History Books of Jin, 18 were still extant at the beginning of the Tang dynasty. Yet Emperor Taizong of Tang, Emperor Taizong deemed t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yang Zhi (empress)
Yang Zhi (楊芷) (259 – 6 March 292), courtesy name Jilan (季蘭), nickname Nanyin (男胤), formally Empress Wudao (武悼皇后, literally "the martial and fearful empress") was an empress of the Jin dynasty. She was Emperor Wu's second wife and cousin to his first wife, Empress Yang Yan. As empress consort Not much is known about Yang Zhi's life before she married Emperor Wu. Before Empress Yang Yan died in August 274, she was fearful that whoever became empress next would undermine her developmentally disabled son Crown Prince Zhong's position as crown prince, and therefore she asked Emperor Wu to marry her cousin Yang Zhi after her death. Emperor Wu agreed and, in December 276, married Yang Zhi and created her empress. Her father Yang Jun became a key official in the administration and became extremely arrogant. The new Empress Yang herself was described as beautiful and virtuous and favored by her husband (who, however, also had upwards of 10,000 concubines). Afte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emperor Hui Of Jin
Emperor Hui of Jin (; 259 – January 8, 307), personal name Sima Zhong (司馬衷), courtesy name Zhengdu (正度), was the second emperor of the Western Jin dynasty. Emperor Hui was a developmentally disabled ruler, and throughout his reign, there was constant internecine fighting between regents, imperial princes (his uncles, half-brothers and cousins), and his wife Empress Jia Nanfeng for the right to control him (and therefore the imperial administration), causing great suffering for the people and greatly undermining the stability of the Western Jin dynasty, eventually leading to rebellions of the Five Barbarians that led to Jin's loss of northern and central China and the establishment of the competing Sixteen Kingdoms. He was briefly deposed by his granduncle Sima Lun, who usurped the throne himself, in February 301, but later that year was restored to the throne and continued to be the emperor until January 307, when he was poisoned, likely by his last regent Sima Yue ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Routledge
Routledge ( ) is a British multinational corporation, multinational publisher. It was founded in 1836 by George Routledge, and specialises in providing academic books, academic journals, journals and online resources in the fields of the humanities, behavioral science, behavioural science, education, law, and social science. The company publishes approximately 1,800 journals and 5,000 new books each year and their backlist encompasses over 140,000 titles. Routledge is claimed to be the largest global academic publisher within humanities and social sciences. In 1998, Routledge became a subdivision and Imprint (trade name), imprint of its former rival, Taylor & Francis, Taylor & Francis Group (T&F), as a result of a £90-million acquisition deal from Cinven, a venture capital group which had purchased it two years previously for £25 million. Following the merger of Informa and T&F in 2004, Routledge became a publishing unit and major imprint within the Informa "academic publishing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Western Jin
Western may refer to: Places *Western, Nebraska, a village in the US * Western, New York, a town in the US * Western Creek, Tasmania, a locality in Australia * Western Junction, Tasmania, a locality in Australia *Western world, countries that identify with shared "Western" culture *Western United States, a region of the United States Arts and entertainment Films * ''Western'' (1997 film), a French road movie directed by Manuel Poirier * ''Western'' (2017 film), a German-Austrian film Genres *Western (genre), a category of fiction and visual art centered on the American Old West **Western fiction, the Western genre as featured in literature **Western film, the western genre in film **Western music (North America), a type of American folk music Music * ''Westerns'' (EP), an EP by Pete Yorn * WSTRN, a British hip hop group from west London *"Western" a song by Black Midi from ''Schlagenheim'' Business * The Western, a closed hotel/casino in Las Vegas, United States *Western C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jia Chong
Jia Chong (217 – 19 May 282), courtesy name Gonglü, was a Chinese politician who lived during the late Three Kingdoms period and early Jin dynasty of China. He started his career as an advisor to Sima Shi and Sima Zhao, the regents of the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms era, and subsequently served as an official in the court of Sima Zhao's son, Sima Yan (Emperor Wu), after the establishment of the Jin dynasty. Early life and career in Cao Wei Jia Chong's father, Jia Kui, was a military general in Wei and was considered an epitome of faithfulness to the state. He did not have a son until late in his life; when Jia Chong was born, he was very pleased. Jia Chong's mother was Lady Liu (柳氏; 210 - 266). Jia Chong inherited his father's marquis title after the latter's death. He later served under the regent Sima Shi, and then under Sima Shi's younger brother and successor, Sima Zhao. In 257, Sima Zhao sent him to probe the general Zhuge Dan's intentions should he d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guo Huai (wife Of Jia Chong)
Guo Huai (, 237–296), courtesy name Yuhuang () or Yuanshao (, according to her entombed stele), was a niece of the general Guo Huai (郭淮; note that their Chinese names differ even if their romanized names do not), the second wife of Jia Chong, the mother of Jia Nanfeng, and the mother-in-law of Emperor Hui of Jin; Lady Guo (wife of Wang Yan), a niece was the wife of Wang Yan (Jin dynasty), Wang Yan. During her life, she also went by Lady of Guangcheng () and Lady of Yicheng (). After her death, she received the posthumous name Xuan (). Her life was marked by severe cruelty, jealousy, and dishonesty, although these accounts may have been colored by the bias of ''Book of Jin'' historians. Biography Marriage troubles Guo Huai's father Guo Pei () was the governor of Chengyang Kingdom, Chengyang Commandery and a younger brother of the Cao Wei general Guo Huai. She became Jia Chong's second wife in 257 after his first wife, Li Wan (), was banished to the Korean border as a result ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
