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Xianshanosaurus
''Xianshanosaurus'' () is a genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian) of the Ruyang Basin in Henan Province, China. Its type and only species is ''Xianshanosaurus shijiagouensis''. It was described in 2009 by a team of paleontologists led by Lü Junchang. ''Xianshanosaurus'' may be a titanosaur, and ''Daxiatitan'' may be its closest relative, but its evolutionary relationships remain controversial. Taxonomy ''Xianshanosaurus'' and its type species ''X. shijiagouensis'' were named by Lü Junchang, Xu Li, Jiang Xiaojun, Jia Songhai, Li Ming, Yuan Chongxi, Zhang Xingliao, and Ji Qiang in 2009. The type specimen, accessioned in the Henan Geological Museum, consists of ten caudal vertebrae, a coracoid, a femur, and several ribs. The genus name refers to Xian Mountain (), located near where the holotype was found. Phylogenetic relationships When ''Xianshanosaurus'' was first described, its discoverers noted that it had an unusual mixture of characteristics ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Titanosauria
Titanosaurs (or titanosaurians; members of the group Titanosauria) were a diverse group of Sauropoda, sauropod dinosaurs, including genera from all seven continents. The titanosaurs were the last surviving group of long-necked sauropods, with taxa still thriving at the time of the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, extinction event at the end of the Cretaceous. This group includes some of the Largest land animal, largest land animals known to have ever existed, such as ''Patagotitan'', estimated at long with a mass of , and the comparably-sized ''Argentinosaurus'' and ''Puertasaurus'' from the Patagonia, same region. The group's name alludes to the mythological Titan (mythology), Titans of ancient Greek mythology, via the type genus (now considered a ''nomen dubium)'' ''Titanosaurus''. Together with the Brachiosauridae, brachiosaurids and relatives, titanosaurs make up the larger sauropod clade Titanosauriformes. Titanosaurs have long been a poorly-known group, and the rela ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Titanosaur
Titanosaurs (or titanosaurians; members of the group Titanosauria) were a diverse group of sauropod dinosaurs, including genera from all seven continents. The titanosaurs were the last surviving group of long-necked sauropods, with taxa still thriving at the time of the extinction event at the end of the Cretaceous. This group includes some of the largest land animals known to have ever existed, such as '' Patagotitan'', estimated at long with a mass of , and the comparably-sized '' Argentinosaurus'' and '' Puertasaurus'' from the same region. The group's name alludes to the mythological Titans of ancient Greek mythology, via the type genus (now considered a ''nomen dubium)'' '' Titanosaurus''. Together with the brachiosaurids and relatives, titanosaurs make up the larger sauropod clade Titanosauriformes. Titanosaurs have long been a poorly-known group, and the relationships between titanosaur species are still not well-understood. Fossil record Due to the near-global distr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ruyangosaurus
''Ruyangosaurus'' (Ruyang County lizard) is a genus of macronaria, titanosauriform sauropod dinosaur recovered from the Early Cretaceous Haoling Formation of China. The type species is ''R. giganteus'', described in 2009 in paleontology, 2009 by Lü Junchang ''et al''. Description Along with ''Huanghetitan'' and ''Daxiatitan'', ''Ruyangosaurus'' is among the largest dinosaurs discovered in Cretaceous Asia. In 2016 Gregory S. Paul gave a length of 30 meters (98 ft) and a weight of 50+ tonnes (55 short tons) - making it a 'mega-sauropod'. According to another estimate, ''Ruyangosaurus'' was probably about 35 meters (115 ft) long, as evidenced by its 207 cm long femur and 127 cm long right tibia. In 2020 Molina-Perez and Larramendi gave a lower estimation of 24.8 meters (81.4 ft) and 34 tonnes (37.5 short tons). Classification The describers of ''Ruyangosaurus'' assigned it to Andesauridae. However, Andesauridae is not monophyletic and, as such, is no longer used. Comprehens ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Titanosaurs
Titanosaurs (or titanosaurians; members of the group Titanosauria) were a diverse group of Sauropoda, sauropod dinosaurs, including genera from all seven continents. The titanosaurs were the last surviving group of long-necked sauropods, with taxa still thriving at the time of the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, extinction event at the end of the Cretaceous. This group includes some of the Largest land animal, largest land animals known to have ever existed, such as ''Patagotitan'', estimated at long with a mass of , and the comparably-sized ''Argentinosaurus'' and ''Puertasaurus'' from the Patagonia, same region. The group's name alludes to the mythological Titan (mythology), Titans of ancient Greek mythology, via the type genus (now considered a ''nomen dubium)'' ''Titanosaurus''. Together with the Brachiosauridae, brachiosaurids and relatives, titanosaurs make up the larger sauropod clade Titanosauriformes. Titanosaurs have long been a poorly-known group, and the rela ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhongyuansaurus
''Zhongyuansaurus'' (meaning "Zhongyuan lizard") is an extinct genus of ankylosaurid dinosaurs known from the Early Cretaceous Haoling Formation of what is now Henan Province, China. The genus contains two species, ''Z. luoyangensis'', named in 2007, and ''Z. junchangi'', named in 2025, both known from a single partial skeleton. ''Zhongyuansaurus'' is similar to '' Gobisaurus'', prompting some researchers to regard the genera as synonymous. Discovery and naming The ''Zhongyuansaurus'' type species, ''Z. luoyangensis'', was named and described in 2007 by Xu and colleagues. The holotype specimen, HGM 41HIII-0002, consists of a nearly complete skull, fragments of the lower jaw, a cervical neural spine, dorsal vertebrae, caudal vertebrae, posterior caudal vertebral centra, fused distal caudal vertebrae, ribs, a humerus, both ischia, a pubis, and osteoderms. The specimen was collected from the Haoling Formation in Henan Province of Ruyang County, China. The specimen is accessioned ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luoyanggia
''Luoyanggia'' (meaning "from Luoyang") is a genus of oviraptorid dinosaur known from the Early Cretaceous Haoling Formation of the Ruyang Basin in Henan Province, central China. The type species is ''L. liudianensis''.Lü., J., Xu, L., Jiang, X., Jia, S., Li, M., Yuan, C., Zhang, X. and Ji, Q. (2009). "A preliminary report on the new dinosaurian fauna from the Cretaceous of the Ruyang Basin, Henan Province of central China." ''Journal of the Palaeontological Society of Korea'', 25: 43-56. Holtz estimated it at 1.5 meters (5 ft) and around 2.27-9.1 kg (5-20 lbs). Molina-Pérez and Larramendi gave a similar size of 1.2 meters (4 ft) and 8.5 kg (18.7 lbs). Paleobiology Non-avian dinosaurs that co-existed with ''Luoyanggia'' included ''Ruyangosaurus'', ''Zhongyuansaurus'', '' Yunmenglong'', ''Xianshanosaurus'', and ''"Huanghetitan" ruyangensis''. The type horizon of ''Luoyanggia'' was initially thought to date Cenomanian stage of the late Cretaceous period, but extensive fieldwork ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Early Cretaceous
The Early Cretaceous (geochronology, geochronological name) or the Lower Cretaceous (chronostratigraphy, chronostratigraphic name) is the earlier or lower of the two major divisions of the Cretaceous. It is usually considered to stretch from 143.1 Megaannum#SI prefix multipliers, Ma to 100.5 Ma. Geology Proposals for the exact age of the Barremian–Aptian boundary ranged from 126 to 117 Ma until recently (as of 2019), but based on drillholes in Svalbard the defining Anoxic event#Cretaceous, early Aptian Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a (OAE1a) was dated to 123.1±0.3 Ma, limiting the possible range for the boundary to c. 122–121 Ma. There is a possible link between this anoxic event and a series of Early Cretaceous large igneous provinces (LIP). The Ontong Java Plateau, Ontong Java-Manihiki Plateau, Manihiki-Hikurangi Plateau, Hikurangi large igneous province, emplaced in the South Pacific at c. 120 Ma, is by far the largest LIP in Earth's history. The Onto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sister Taxon
In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree. Definition The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram: Taxon A and taxon B are sister groups to each other. Taxa A and B, together with any other extant or extinct descendants of their most recent common ancestor (MRCA), form a monophyletic group, the clade AB. Clade AB and taxon C are also sister groups. Taxa A, B, and C, together with all other descendants of their MRCA form the clade ABC. The whole clade ABC is itself a subtree of a larger tree which offers yet more sister group relationships, both among the leaves and among larger, more deeply rooted clades. The tree structure shown connects through its root to the rest of the universal tree of life. In cladistic standards, taxa A, B, and C may represent specimens, species, genera, or any other taxonomic units. If A and B are at the same taxonomic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albian Dinosaurs
The Albian is both an age of the geologic timescale and a stage in the stratigraphic column. It is the youngest or uppermost subdivision of the Early/Lower Cretaceous Epoch/Series. Its approximate time range is 113.0 ± 1.0 Ma to 100.5 ± 0.9 Ma (million years ago). The Albian is preceded by the Aptian and followed by the Cenomanian. Stratigraphic definitions The Albian Stage was first proposed in 1842 by Alcide d'Orbigny. It was named after Alba, the Latin name for River Aube in France. A Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP), ratified by the IUGS in 2016, defines the base of the Albian as the first occurrence of the planktonic foraminiferan '' Microhedbergella renilaevis'' at the Col de Pré-Guittard section, Arnayon, Drôme, France. The top of the Albian Stage (the base of the Cenomanian Stage and Upper Cretaceous Series) is defined as the place where the foram species '' Rotalipora globotruncanoides'' first appears in the stratigraphic column. The Albian i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aptian Dinosaurs
The Aptian is an age in the geologic timescale or a stage in the stratigraphic column. It is a subdivision of the Early or Lower Cretaceous Epoch or Series and encompasses the time from 121.4 ± 1.0 Ma to 113.0 ± 1.0 Ma (million years ago), approximately. The Aptian succeeds the Barremian and precedes the Albian, all part of the Lower/Early Cretaceous. The Aptian partly overlaps the upper part of the Western European Urgonian Stage. The Selli Event, also known as OAE1a, was one of two oceanic anoxic events in the Cretaceous Period, which occurred around 120 Ma and lasted approximately 1 to 1.3 million years, being marked by enhanced silicate weathering, as well as ocean acidification. The Aptian extinction was a minor extinction event hypothesized to have occurred around 116 to 117 Ma. Stratigraphic definitions The Aptian was named after the small city of Apt in the Provence region of France, which is also known for its crystallized fruits. The original type locality is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dinosaur Genera
Dinosaurs are a diverse group of reptiles of the clade Dinosauria. They first appeared during the Triassic Geological period, period, between 243 and 233.23 million years ago (mya), although the exact origin and timing of the #Evolutionary history, evolution of dinosaurs is a subject of active research. They became the dominant terrestrial vertebrates after the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event 201.3 mya and their dominance continued throughout the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. The fossil record shows that birds are feathered dinosaurs, Evolution of birds, having evolved from earlier Theropoda, theropods during the Late Jurassic epoch, and are the only dinosaur lineage known to have survived the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event approximately 66 mya. Dinosaurs can therefore be divided into avian dinosaurs—birds—and the extinct non-avian dinosaurs, which are all dinosaurs other than birds. Dinosaurs are varied from taxonomy (biology), taxonomic, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yunmenglong
''Yunmenglong'' (meaning "Yunmeng dragon", after the Yunmengshan area where it was found) is an extinct genus of somphospondylan sauropod known from the late Early Cretaceous of Henan Province, central China. Its remains were discovered in the Haoling Formation of the Ruyang Basin. The type species is ''Yunmenglong ruyangensis'', described in 2013 by Junchang Lü ''et al.'' on the basis of an incomplete postcranial skeleton. ''Yunmenglong'' shares some characters with ''Euhelopus'', ''Qiaowanlong'' and ''Erketu'', and a phylogenetic analysis places it as a sister taxon of ''Qiaowanlong'', both grouped with ''Erketu'' in a position more derived than ''Euhelopus'' but basal to Titanosauria. Size ''Yunmenglong'' was a giant sauropod dinosaur, as evidenced by the complete right femur 192 cm long and 65 cm in distal width, which is comparable to other giant Chinese genus ''Fusuisaurus''. In 2016 Paul Paul may refer to: People * Paul (given name), a given name, including a li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
