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Xenophilus (historian)
Xenophilus (), sometimes Xenophilos of Sardeis, was a Greek writer who wrote a history of Lydia.Harry Brewster''Classical Anatolia: The Glory of Hellenism''(Bloomsbury Academic, 1993), pp. 162, 177. His dates are unknown. He was active after about 600 BC.Peter Högemann"Xenophilus (4)" in ''Brill's New Pauly Online'' (Brill, 2006). Harry Brewster places him in the 3rd century BC. He may be the Zenophilos () cited as a source in Antigonus of Carystus's paraphrase of Callimachus. If so, he lived no later than the first half of the 3rd century (Callimachus' time).Annalisa Paradiso"Xenophilos (767)" in '' Jacoby Online: Brill's New Jacoby'', Second Edition, Part III, edited by Ian Worthington (Brill, 2020). His ''Lydian Histories'' (Greek: , ''Lydikaì historíai'') is a lost work, known only from its citation in the anonymous '' Treatise on Famous Women in War''.Karl Wilhelm Ludwig Müller, ''Fragmenta historicorum graecorum'', Vol. 4 (Paris, 1851)p. 51 This single fragment informs the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancient Greek Language
Ancient Greek (, ; ) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the classical antiquity, ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Greek Dark Ages, Dark Ages (), the Archaic Greece, Archaic or Homeric Greek, Homeric period (), and the Classical Greece, Classical period (). Ancient Greek was the language of Homer and of fifth-century Athens, fifth-century Athenian historians, playwrights, and Ancient Greek philosophy, philosophers. It has contributed many words to English vocabulary and has been a standard subject of study in educational institutions of the Western world since the Renaissance. This article primarily contains information about the Homeric Greek, Epic and Classical periods of the language, which are the best-attested periods and considered most typical of Ancient Greek. From the Hellenistic period (), Ancient Greek was followed by Koine Greek, which is regar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lydia
Lydia (; ) was an Iron Age Monarchy, kingdom situated in western Anatolia, in modern-day Turkey. Later, it became an important province of the Achaemenid Empire and then the Roman Empire. Its capital was Sardis. At some point before 800 BC, the Lydian people achieved some sort of political cohesion, and existed as an independent kingdom by the 600s BC. At its greatest extent, during the 7th century BC, it covered all of western Anatolia. In 546 BC, it became a Lydia (satrapy), satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire, known as ''Sparda'' in Old Persian. In 133 BC, it became part of the Roman Republic, Roman Asia (Roman province), province of Asia. Lydian coins, made of electrum, are among the oldest in existence, dated to around the 7th century BC. Geography Lydia is generally located east of ancient Ionia in the modern western Turkish provinces of Uşak Province, Uşak, Manisa Province, Manisa and inland İzmir Province, İzmir.Rhodes, P.J. ''A History of the Classical Greek ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brill's New Pauly Online
The Pauly encyclopedias or the Pauly-Wissowa family of encyclopedias, are a set of related encyclopedias on Greco-Roman topics and scholarship. The first of these, or (1839–1852), was begun by compiler August Pauly. Other encyclopedias in the set include ''Pauly–Wissowa'' (1890–1978), ''Little Pauly'' (1964–1975), and ''The New Pauly'' (1996–2012). Ur-Pauly The first edition was the ("Practical Encyclopedia of the Study of Classical Ancient History in Alphabetical Order") originally compiled by August Friedrich Pauly. As the basis for the subsequent PaulyWissowa edition, it is also known as the . The first volume was published in 1839 but Pauly died in 1845 before the last was completed. Christian Waltz (18021857) and Wilhelm Siegmund Teuffel completed the 6 volume first edition in 1852. A second edition of the first volume of Pauly's encyclopedia was published by Teuffel in 1861. The revised second volume came out in 1866, with the rest of the work left incomplet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antigonus Of Carystus
Antigonus of Carystus (; ; ), a Greek writer on various subjects, flourished in the 3rd century BCE. After some time spent at Athens and travelling, he was summoned to the court of Attalus I (241 BCE–197 BCE) of Pergamum. His chief work is the ''Successions of Philosophers'' drawn from personal knowledge, with considerable fragments preserved in Athenaeus and Diogenes Laërtius. His work ' (', "Collection of Wonderful Tales"), a paradoxographical work chiefly extracted from the ' ('' On Marvellous Things Heard'') attributed to Aristotle and the ' ("Thaumasia") of Callimachus Callimachus (; ; ) was an ancient Greek poet, scholar, and librarian who was active in Alexandria during the 3rd century BC. A representative of Ancient Greek literature of the Hellenistic period, he wrote over 800 literary works, most of which ..., survived to modernity. It is doubtful whether he is identical to the sculptor who, according to Pliny (''Nat. Hist.'' xxxiv. 19), wrote books on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Callimachus
Callimachus (; ; ) was an ancient Greek poet, scholar, and librarian who was active in Alexandria during the 3rd century BC. A representative of Ancient Greek literature of the Hellenistic period, he wrote over 800 literary works, most of which do not survive, in a wide variety of genres. He espoused an aesthetic philosophy, known as Callimacheanism, which exerted a strong influence on the poets of the Roman Empire and, through them, on all subsequent Western canon, Western literature. Born into a prominent family in the Greek city of Cyrene, Libya, Cyrene in modern-day Libya, he was educated in Alexandria, the capital of the Ptolemaic dynasty, Ptolemaic kings of Egypt. After working as a schoolteacher in the city, he came under the patronage of King Ptolemy II Philadelphus and was employed at the Library of Alexandria where he compiled the ''Pinakes'', a comprehensive catalogue of all Greek literature. He is believed to have lived into the reign of Ptolemy III Euergetes. Altho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brill's New Jacoby
''Die Fragmente der griechischen Historiker'', commonly abbreviated ''FGrHist'' or ''FGrH'' (''Fragments of the Greek Historians''), is a collection by Felix Jacoby of the works of those ancient Greek historians whose works have been lost, but of which we have citations, extracts or summaries. It is mainly founded on Karl Wilhelm Ludwig Müller's previous ''Fragmenta Historicorum Graecorum'' (1841–1870). The work was started in 1923 and continued by him till his death in 1959. The project was divided into six parts, of which only the first three were published. The first included the mythographers and the most ancient historians (authors 1-63); the second, the historians proper (authors 64–261); the third, the autobiographies, local histories and works on foreign countries (authors 262-856). Parts I-III come to fifteen volumes, but Jacoby never got to write part IV (biography and antiquarian literature) and V (historical geography). A pool of editors is currently trying to co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lost Literary Work
A lost literary work (referred throughout this article just as a lost work) is a document, literary work, or piece of multimedia, produced of which no surviving copies are known to exist, meaning it can be known only through reference, or literary fragments. This term most commonly applies to works from the classical world, although it is increasingly used in relation to modern works. A work may be lost to history through the destruction of an original manuscript and all later copies. Works—or, commonly, small fragments of works—have survived by being found by archaeologists during investigations, or accidentally by laypersons such as, for example, the finding Nag Hammadi library scrolls. Works also survived when they were reused as bookbinding materials, quoted or included in other works, or as palimpsests, where an original document is imperfectly erased so the substrate on which it was written can be reused. The discovery, in 1822, of Cicero's '' De re publica'' was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tractatus De Mulieribus
''Tractatus de mulieribus claris in bello'' ("Treatise on Women Distinguished in Wars"; Greek: , "Women wise and brave in the art of war") is a short ancient Greek work by an anonymous author,Gera, Deborah (1997). Warrior Women: The Anonymous Tractatus De Mulieribus. E.J. Brill, Leiden, the Netherlands. p. 4. . which discusses fourteen famous ancient women, of whom one is not otherwise attested. The treatise is preserved as part of a 12th- or 13th-Century manuscript in the Laurentian Library in Florence, ''Codex Laurentianus'' 56-1. Despite the title, not all of the women discussed are warriors, and only a few are portrayed as skilled military strategists. It was written near the end of the second or the beginning of the first century BCE. Deborah Gera has suggested, however, that it was written by Pamphile of Epidaurus during the 1st century AD. It is a list of ancient women, four Greek and ten barbarian, and contains the following individuals: *Semiramis *Zarinaea * Nitocris t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karl Wilhelm Ludwig Müller
Karl Wilhelm Ludwig Müller (; 13 February 1813 in Clausthal – 1894 in Göttingen) was a German philologist and historian, best known for his Didot family, Didot editions of fragmentary Greek authors. ''Fragmenta Historicorum Graecorum'' Müller's monumental ''Fragmenta Historicorum Graecorum'' (''FHG''), the first major collection of Literary fragment, fragments from Greek historians, was published across five volumes between 1841 and 1870. The ''FHG'' compiles the fragments of precisely 636 such historians, who date from between the 6th century BC and the 7th century AD, and are ordered chronologically within the collection. The fragments of each historian are ordered according to the work to which they were attributed, and are accompanied by a Latin translation and commentary. Müller's research in preparing the collection, which had originally been planned as a single-volume work, was funded by François-Ambroise Didot. The work was replaced as the preeminent edition of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sadyattes
Sadyattes (; ; reigned 637–) was the third king of the Mermnad dynasty in Lydia, the son of Ardys and the grandson of Gyges of Lydia. Sadyattes reigned 12 years according to Herodotus. Reign Background Sadyattes came to power during period of severe crisis that Lydia was facing because of several waves of invasions by the Cimmerians, a nomadic people from the Eurasian Steppe who had invaded the Western Asia. The Cimmerians attacked Lydia several times but had been repelled by Sadyattes's grandfather, Gyges, but in 644 BC, the Cimmerians attacked Lydia for the third time, led by their king Lygdamis. The Lydians were defeated, Sardis was sacked, and Gyges was killed, following which he was succeeded by his son, Ardys, who was the father of Sadyattes. In 637 BC, that is in Ardys's seventh regnal year, the Thracian Treres tribe who had migrated across the Thracian Bosporus and invaded Anatolia, under their king Kobos, and in alliance with the Cimmerians and the Lycians, attac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lyde Of Lydia
Alyattes (Lydian language: ; ; reigned c. 635 – c. 585 BC), sometimes described as Alyattes I, was the fourth king of the Mermnad dynasty in Lydia, the son of Sadyattes, grandson of Ardys, and great-grandson of Gyges. He died after a reign of 57 years and was succeeded by his son Croesus. Alyattes was the first monarch who issued coins, made from electrum (and his successor Croesus was the first to issue gold coins). Alyattes is therefore sometimes mentioned as the originator of coinage, or of currency. Name The most likely etymology for the name derives it, via a form with initial digamma (), itself originally from a Lydian ( Lydian alphabet: ). The name meant "lion-ness" (i.e. the state of being a lion), and was composed of the Lydian term (), meaning "lion", to which was added an abstract suffix (). Chronology Dates for the Mermnad kings are uncertain and are based on a computation by J. B. Bury and Russell Meiggs (1975) who estimated c.687–c.652 BC for th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alyattes
Alyattes ( Lydian language: ; ; reigned c. 635 – c. 585 BC), sometimes described as Alyattes I, was the fourth king of the Mermnad dynasty in Lydia, the son of Sadyattes, grandson of Ardys, and great-grandson of Gyges. He died after a reign of 57 years and was succeeded by his son Croesus. Alyattes was the first monarch who issued coins, made from electrum (and his successor Croesus was the first to issue gold coins). Alyattes is therefore sometimes mentioned as the originator of coinage, or of currency. Name The most likely etymology for the name derives it, via a form with initial digamma (), itself originally from a Lydian ( Lydian alphabet: ). The name meant "lion-ness" (i.e. the state of being a lion), and was composed of the Lydian term (), meaning "lion", to which was added an abstract suffix (). Chronology Dates for the Mermnad kings are uncertain and are based on a computation by J. B. Bury and Russell Meiggs (1975) who estimated c.687–c.652 BC fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
