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XXII Corps (Ottoman Empire)
The XXII Corps of the Ottoman Empire ( Turkish: ''22 nci Kolordu ''or'' Yirmi İkinci Kolordu'') was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army. It was formed during World War I. Formations Order of Battle, August 1917 In August 1917, the corps was structured as follows:Edward J. Erickson, ''Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War'', Greenwood Press, 2001, , p. 170. *XXII Corps (Palestine Palestine, officially the State of Palestine, is a country in West Asia. Recognized by International recognition of Palestine, 147 of the UN's 193 member states, it encompasses the Israeli-occupied West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and th ...) ** 3rd Division, 7th Division, 53rd Division Order of Battle, January 1918, June 1918 In January and June 1918, the corps was structured as follows:Edward J. Erickson, ''Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War'', Greenwood Press, 2001, , p. 181, 188. *XXII Corps (Palestine) **3rd Division, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries. The empire emerged from a Anatolian beyliks, ''beylik'', or principality, founded in northwestern Anatolia in by the Turkoman (ethnonym), Turkoman tribal leader Osman I. His successors Ottoman wars in Europe, conquered much of Anatolia and expanded into the Balkans by the mid-14th century, transforming their petty kingdom into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the Fall of Constantinople, conquest of Constantinople in 1453 by Mehmed II. With its capital at History of Istanbul#Ottoman Empire, Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) and control over a significant portion of the Mediterranean Basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interacti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corps
Corps (; plural ''corps'' ; from French , from the Latin "body") is a term used for several different kinds of organization. A military innovation by Napoleon I, the formation was formally introduced March 1, 1800, when Napoleon ordered General Jean Victor Marie Moreau to divide his command into four corps. The size of a corps varies greatly, but two to five divisions and anywhere from 40,000 to 80,000 are the numbers stated by the US Department of Defense. Within military terminology a corps may be: *an military organization, operational formation, sometimes known as a field corps, which consists of two or more division (military), divisions, such as the I Corps (Grande Armée), , later known as ("First Corps") of Napoleon I's ); *an administrative corps (or Muster (military), mustering) – that is a #Administrative corps, specialized branch of a military service (such as an artillery corps, an armoured corps, a signal corps, a medical corps, a marine corps, or a corps of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
20th Infantry Division (Ottoman Empire)
20th Division or 20th Infantry Division may refer to __NOTOC__ Infantry divisions * 20th Division (German Empire), 1866-1919 * 20th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht), Germany, 1934–1945 * 20th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Estonian), 1944–1945 * 20th Infantry Division (Greece), 1941 * 20th Infantry Division (India), 1942–1945 * 20th Infantry Division Friuli, Kingdom of Italy, 1939–1944 * 20th Division (Imperial Japanese Army), 1915–1945 * 20th Infantry Division (Poland), 1920–1939 * 20th Division (Spain), 1937-1939 * 20th (Light) Division, United Kingdom, 1914–1919 * 20th Guards Motor Rifle Division, Soviet Union and Russia, 1943-2009, 2021- Armoured divisions * 20th Panzer Division (Wehrmacht), Germany, 1940–1945 * 20th Armoured Division (Greece), formed 1956 * 20th Armored Division (United States) The 20th Armored Division was an Armoured warfare, armored Division (military), division of the United States Army that fought in World War II. It was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
53rd Infantry Division (Ottoman Empire)
The 53rd Infantry Division ()was a French Army formation during World War I and World War II. World War 1 During World War I, the division comprised: *205th Infantry Regiment *224th Infantry Regiment (to August 1916) *228th Infantry Regiment (to August 1916) *236th Infantry Regiment (to July 1918) *319th Infantry Regiment *329th Infantry Regiment (to August 1916) *25th Territorial Infantry Regiment (from August 1918) It was part of the French 1st, 2nd, 5th, 9th, 11th, 13th, 20th, 33rd, 35th and 40th Corps, during which it participated in the Battle of Charleroi, the Battle of Guise, the First Battle of the Marne, the First Battle of the Aisne, the Second Battle of Artois, the Second Battle of Champagne, the Battle of the Somme, the Battle of the Lys, the Battle of Matz, and the Meuse-Argonne Offensive. At various times, it was part of the French First Army, French Second Army, French Third Army, French Fourth Army, French Fifth Army, French Sixth Army, French ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
7th Infantry Division (Ottoman Empire)
The 7th Infantry Division was a formation of the Ottoman Turkish Army, during the Balkan Wars, and the First World War World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to .... Formation :19th Infantry Regiment :20th Infantry Regiment :21st Infantry Regiment :7th Artillery Regiment References * Bean, Charles (1941). Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918. Volume II (11th ed.). Brisbane: University of Queensland Press. . Military units and formations of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkan Wars Military units and formations of the Ottoman Empire in World War I Infantry divisions of the Ottoman Empire {{mil-unit-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3rd Infantry Division (Ottoman Empire)
3rd Division may refer to: Air divisions *3d Air Division, United States * 3d Attack Wing, United States Anti-air divisions * 3rd Flak Division, Nazi Germany Armoured divisions *3rd Armoured Division (Australia) *3rd Armored Division (France) *3rd Light Mechanized Division (France) *3rd Panzer Division (Wehrmacht) * 3rd Panzer Division (Bundeswehr) *3rd SS Panzer Division Totenkopf, Nazi Germany *3rd Tank Division (Imperial Japanese Army) * 3rd Armored Division (Jordan) *3rd Division (Nigeria) * 3rd Tank Division (Soviet Union) *3rd Armoured Division (Syria) *3rd Armored Division (United States) Cavalry divisions *3rd Cavalry Division (German Empire) *3rd Cavalry Division (Reichswehr), Weimar Republic *3rd Light Division (Wehrmacht) * 3rd Cavalry Division ''Amedeo Duca d'Aosta'', Italian Army during World War II * 3rd Cavalry Division (United Kingdom) *3rd Mounted Division, United Kingdom *3rd Cavalry Division (United States) Infantry divisions *3rd (Lahore) Division ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palestine (region)
The region of Palestine, also known as historic Palestine, is a geographical area in West Asia. It includes the modern states of Israel and Palestine, as well as parts of northwestern Jordan in some definitions. Other names for the region include Canaan, the Promised Land, the Land of Israel, or the Holy Land. The earliest written record Timeline of the name Palestine, referring to Palestine as a geographical region is in the ''Histories (Herodotus), Histories'' of Herodotus in the 5th century BCE, which calls the area ''Palaistine'', referring to the territory previously held by Philistia, a state that existed in that area from the 12th to the 7th century BCE. The Roman Empire conquered the region and in 6 CE established the province known as Judaea (Roman province), Judaea. In the aftermath of the Bar Kokhba revolt (132–136 CE), the province was renamed Syria Palaestina. In 390, during the Byzantine period, the region was split into the provinces of Palaestina Prima, Pal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Army
The Military of the Ottoman Empire () was the armed forces of the Ottoman Empire. It was founded in 1299 and dissolved in 1922. Army The Military of the Ottoman Empire can be divided in five main periods. The foundation era covers the years between 1300 (Byzantine expedition) and 1453 ( Conquest of Constantinople), the classical period covers the years between 1451 (second enthronement of Sultan Mehmed II) and 1606 ( Peace of Zsitvatorok), the reformation period covers the years between 1606 and 1826 ( Vaka-i Hayriye), the modernisation period covers the years between 1826 and 1858 and decline period covers the years between 1861 (enthronement of Sultan Abdülaziz) and 1918 ( Armistice of Mudros). The Ottoman army is the forerunner of the Turkish Armed Forces. Foundation period (1300–1453) The earliest form of the Ottoman military was a steppe-nomadic cavalry force.Mesut Uyar, Edward J. Erickson, ''A Military History of the Ottomans: From Osman to Atatürk'', Pleager Se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkish Language
Turkish ( , , also known as 'Turkish of Turkey') is the most widely spoken of the Turkic languages, a member of Oghuz languages, Oghuz branch with around 90 million speakers. It is the national language of Turkey and one of two official languages of Cyprus. Significant smaller groups of Turkish speakers also exist in Germany, Austria, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Greece, other parts of Europe, the South Caucasus, and some parts of Central Asia, Iraqi Turkmen, Iraq, and Syrian Turkmen, Syria. Turkish is the List of languages by total number of speakers, 18th-most spoken language in the world. To the west, the influence of Ottoman Turkish language, Ottoman Turkish—the variety of the Turkish language that was used as the administrative and literary language of the Ottoman Empire—spread as the Ottoman Empire expanded. In 1928, as one of Atatürk's reforms in the early years of the Republic of Turkey, the Persian alphabet, Perso-Arabic script-based Ottoman Turkish alphabet was repl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corps
Corps (; plural ''corps'' ; from French , from the Latin "body") is a term used for several different kinds of organization. A military innovation by Napoleon I, the formation was formally introduced March 1, 1800, when Napoleon ordered General Jean Victor Marie Moreau to divide his command into four corps. The size of a corps varies greatly, but two to five divisions and anywhere from 40,000 to 80,000 are the numbers stated by the US Department of Defense. Within military terminology a corps may be: *an military organization, operational formation, sometimes known as a field corps, which consists of two or more division (military), divisions, such as the I Corps (Grande Armée), , later known as ("First Corps") of Napoleon I's ); *an administrative corps (or Muster (military), mustering) – that is a #Administrative corps, specialized branch of a military service (such as an artillery corps, an armoured corps, a signal corps, a medical corps, a marine corps, or a corps of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Refet Bele
Refet Bele (1881 – 3 October 1963), also known as Refet Bey or Refet Pasha was a Turkish military commander. He served in the Ottoman Army and the Turkish Army, where he retired as a general. Life He was born to a Turkish family in Selanik, Ottoman Empire (modern Thessaloniki, Greece) in 1881. He took the surname Bele because of his grandfather who was originally from Byala/Bele, Bulgaria. Because of the troubles in the Balkans his family moved first to Istanbul but settled later back to Thessaloniki when he was an infant. He studied in the Ottoman Military College, enrolled in the army and became a member of the Committee of Union and Progress. He took part in the Italo-Turkish War (1911) and then in the First Balkan War (1912–1913) in which his hometown was lost to the Greeks. He took part in World War I where he fought in the rank of a Lieutenant Colonel under the command of Kress von Kressenstein in the Battle of Romani where the Ottoman forces were defeated. In the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Friedrich Freiherr Kress Von Kressenstein
Friedrich Siegmund Georg Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein (also and Turkish language, Turkish: ''Kress Pasha;'' 24 April 1870 – 16 October 1948) was a German general from Nuremberg. He was a member of the group of German officers who assisted in the direction of the Ottoman Army during World War I. Kress von Kressenstein was part of the military mission of Otto Liman von Sanders to the Ottoman Empire, which arrived shortly before World War I broke out. He was also the main leader for the Ottoman Desert Command Force (DCF). Early life Kress came from a Patrician (post-Roman Europe), patrician family in Nuremberg. His father, Georg Kress von Kressenstein (1840–1911), was a high court judge. Kress von Kressenstein joined the Bavarian army as an ensign in the artillery in 1888. He was appointed as Second Lieutenant on 6 March 1890. On 1 October 1895, he joined the War Academy (Kingdom of Bavaria), Bavarian War Academy and graduated in September 1898. He continued his gene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
