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Wulfaire
Wulfar or Wulfaire (died 816) was the archbishop of Reims from 812 until his death. He was an important administrator in the Carolingian Empire, both before and during his episcopate, under the emperors Charlemagne and Louis the Pious. In 802 Wulfar was the royal '' missus'' (representative) in a ''missaticum'' comprising the southeast of the ecclesiastical province of Reims. His term as a ''missus'' is only recorded the ''History of the Church of Reims'' (''Historia Remensis ecclesiae'') of Flodoard (died 966), in a section based on the '' Capitulare missorum specialia'' of 802. The name of Wulfar's lay associate (since ''missi'' always worked in clerical–lay pairs) is unknown. Jacques Stiennon first identified a '' denier'' from the reign of Charlemagne bearing the inscription FUIFAR as belonging to the ''missaticum'' of Wulfar and recording his name as that of the moneyer in charge. An alternate reading and interpretation of this inscription—FIUFAR or ARFIUF, meaning Strasb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ebbo Of Reims
Ebbo, Ebo or Epo ( – 20 March 851) was the Archbishop of Rheims from 816 until 835 and again from 840 to 841. He was born a German serf on the royal demesne of Charlemagne. He was educated at his court and became the librarian and councillor of Louis the Pious, king of Aquitaine, son of Charlemagne. When Louis became emperor, he appointed Ebbo to the see of Rheims, then vacant after the death of Wulfaire. He was an important figure in the spread of Christianity in the north of Europe. At the insistence of Louis, in 822, he went to Rome and asked Pope Pascal I to become the papal legate to the North. He was licensed to preach to the Danes and he and Halitgar, bishop of Cambrai, and Willerich, bishop of Bremen, went there in 823. He made short subsequent trips, but all with little success. Ansgar was more successful a few years later. When Louis's sons by his first marriage to Ermengarde of Hesbaye ( Lothair, Louis, and Pepin) rebelled in 830, Ebbo remained loyal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archbishop Of Reims
The Archdiocese of Reims or Rheims (; French language, French: ''Archidiocèse de Reims'') is a Latin Church ecclesiastic territory or archdiocese of the Catholic Church in France. Erected as a diocese around 250 by Sixtus of Reims, the diocese was elevated to an archdiocese around 750. The archbishop received the title "primate of Gallia Belgica" in 1089. In 1023, Archbishop Ebles I of Roucy, Ebles acquired the Countship of Reims, making him a prince-bishop; it became a duchy and a French peerage, peerage between 1060 and 1170. The archdiocese comprises the ''arrondissement in France, arrondissement'' of Reims and the département of Ardennes (department), Ardennes while the province comprises the former ''Regions of France, région'' of Champagne-Ardenne. The suffragan dioceses in the ecclesiastical province of Reims are Roman Catholic Diocese of Amiens, Amiens; Roman Catholic Diocese of Beauvais, Beauvais, Noyon, and Senlis; Diocese of Châlons, Châlons; Roman Catholic Dioces ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archdiocese Of Reims
The Archdiocese of Reims or Rheims (; French: ''Archidiocèse de Reims'') is a Latin Church ecclesiastic territory or archdiocese of the Catholic Church in France. Erected as a diocese around 250 by Sixtus of Reims, the diocese was elevated to an archdiocese around 750. The archbishop received the title "primate of Gallia Belgica" in 1089. In 1023, Archbishop Ebles acquired the Countship of Reims, making him a prince-bishop; it became a duchy and a peerage between 1060 and 1170. The archdiocese comprises the ''arrondissement'' of Reims and the département of Ardennes while the province comprises the former ''région'' of Champagne-Ardenne. The suffragan dioceses in the ecclesiastical province of Reims are Amiens; Beauvais, Noyon, and Senlis; Châlons; Langres; Soissons, Laon, and Saint-Quentin; and Troyes. The archepiscopal see is located in the cathedral of Notre-Dame de Reims, where the Kings of France were traditionally crowned. In 2022 it was estimated that there was o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archbishops Of Reims
The Archdiocese of Reims or Rheims (; French language, French: ''Archidiocèse de Reims'') is a Latin Church ecclesiastic territory or archdiocese of the Catholic Church in France. Erected as a diocese around 250 by Sixtus of Reims, the diocese was elevated to an archdiocese around 750. The archbishop received the title "primate of Gallia Belgica" in 1089. In 1023, Archbishop Ebles I of Roucy, Ebles acquired the Countship of Reims, making him a prince-bishop; it became a duchy and a French peerage, peerage between 1060 and 1170. The archdiocese comprises the ''arrondissement in France, arrondissement'' of Reims and the département of Ardennes (department), Ardennes while the province comprises the former ''Regions of France, région'' of Champagne-Ardenne. The suffragan dioceses in the ecclesiastical province of Reims are Roman Catholic Diocese of Amiens, Amiens; Roman Catholic Diocese of Beauvais, Beauvais, Noyon, and Senlis; Diocese of Châlons, Châlons; Roman Catholic Dioces ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Missus Dominicus
A ''missus dominicus'' (plural ''missi dominici''), Latin for "envoy of the lord uler, also known in Dutch as Zendgraaf ( German: ''Sendgraf''), meaning "sent Graf", was an official commissioned by the Frankish king or Holy Roman Emperor to supervise the administration, mainly of justice, in parts of his dominions too remote for frequent personal visits. As such, the ''missus'' performed important intermediary functions between royal and local administrations. There are superficial points of comparison with the original Roman ''corrector'', except that the ''missus'' was sent out on a regular basis. Four points made the ''missi'' effective as instruments of the centralized monarchy: the personal character of the ''missus'', yearly change, isolation from local interests and the free choice of the king. Reign of Charlemagne Based on Merovingian ''ad hoc'' arrangements, using the form ''missus regis'' (the "king's envoy") and sending a layman and an ecclesiastic in pairs, the use ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Advocatus Ecclesiae
An , sometimes simply advocate, (German, ), or (French, ), was a type of medieval office holder, particularly important in the Holy Roman Empire, who was delegated some of the powers and functions of a major feudal lord, or for an institution such as an abbey. They typically had responsibility for the "comital" functions which defined the office of early medieval "counts", such as taxation, recruitment of militias, and maintaining law and order. This type of office could apply to specific agricultural lands, villages, castles, and even cities. In some regions, advocates came to be governors of large provinces, sometimes distinguished by terms such as . In different parts of medieval Europe, the term advocate developed different meanings, and other terms were also sometimes used to represent similar offices. For example, Anglo-Norman comital functions for larger districts were executed by vicomtes in Normandy, and sheriffs in England. In contrast, the or advocate as an offic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
816 Deaths
__NOTOC__ Year 816 ( DCCCXVI) was a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 816th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 816th year of the 1st millennium, the 16th year of the 9th century, and the 7th year of the 810s decade. Events By place Europe * October 5 – King Louis the Pious (son of Charlemagne) is crowned emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, by Pope Stephen IV at Reims. He also crowns the emperor's wife Ermengarde as Holy Roman Empress. The ceremony in Reims re-establishes the principle of papal supremacy, by recognising the importance of the pope in imperial coronations. Louis gives the pope many gifts, including the estate tax Vendeuvre, near Troyes (Northern France). * Vikings raid Ireland at the Kingdom of Munster, at Inish Cathaigh. * Battle of Pancorbo: A Moorish army from the Emirate of Córdoba is sent by Emir Al-Hakam I, to take control of the pass at Pancorbo. They defeat the army of Asturian- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Speculum (journal)
''Speculum: A Journal of Medieval Studies'' is a quarterly academic journal published by University of Chicago Press on behalf of the Medieval Academy of America. Established in 1926 by Edward Kennard Rand, it is widely regarded as the most prestigious journal in medieval studies. The journal's primary focus is on the time period from 500 to 1500 in Western Europe, but also on related subjects such as Byzantine, Hebrew, Arabic, Armenian and Slavic studies. , the editor is Katherine L. Jansen. The organization and its journal were first proposed in 1921 at a meeting of the Modern Language Association, and the journal's focus was interdisciplinary from its beginning, with one reviewer noting a specific interest in Medieval Latin Medieval Latin was the form of Literary Latin used in Roman Catholic Church, Roman Catholic Western Europe during the Middle Ages. It was also the administrative language in the former Western Roman Empire, Roman Provinces of Mauretania, Numidi .... ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charlemagne
Charlemagne ( ; 2 April 748 – 28 January 814) was List of Frankish kings, King of the Franks from 768, List of kings of the Lombards, King of the Lombards from 774, and Holy Roman Emperor, Emperor of what is now known as the Carolingian Empire from 800, holding these titles until his death in 814. He united most of Western Europe, Western and Central Europe, and was the first recognised emperor to rule from the west after the fall of the Western Roman Empire approximately three centuries earlier. Charlemagne's reign was marked by political and social changes that had lasting influence on Europe throughout the Middle Ages. A member of the Frankish Carolingian dynasty, Charlemagne was the eldest son of Pepin the Short and Bertrada of Laon. With his brother, Carloman I, he became king of the Franks in 768 following Pepin's death and became the sole ruler three years later. Charlemagne continued his father's policy of protecting the papacy and became its chief defender, remo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vulgate Bible
The Vulgate () is a late-4th-century Latin translation of the Bible. It is largely the work of Saint Jerome who, in 382, had been commissioned by Pope Damasus I to revise the Gospels used by the Roman Church. Later, of his own initiative, Jerome extended this work of revision and translation to include most of the books of the Bible. The Vulgate became progressively adopted as the Bible text within the Western Church. Over succeeding centuries, it eventually eclipsed the texts. By the 13th century it had taken over from the former version the designation (the "version commonly used") or for short. The Vulgate also contains some ''Vetus Latina'' translations that Jerome did not work on. The Catholic Church affirmed the Vulgate as its official Latin Bible at the Council of Trent (1545–1563), though there was no single authoritative edition of the book at that time in any language. The Vulgate did eventually receive an official edition to be promulgated amon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles The Bald
Charles the Bald (; 13 June 823 – 6 October 877), also known as CharlesII, was a 9th-century king of West Francia (843–877), King of Italy (875–877) and emperor of the Carolingian Empire (875–877). After a series of civil wars during the reign of his father, Louis the Pious, Charles succeeded, by the Treaty of Verdun (843), in acquiring the western third of the empire. He was a grandson of Charlemagne and the youngest son of Louis the Pious by his second wife, Judith of Bavaria (died 843), Judith. Struggle against his brothers He was born on 13 June 823 in Frankfurt, when his elder brothers were already adults and had been assigned their own ''regna'', or subkingdoms, by their father. The attempts made by Louis the Pious to assign Charles a subkingdom, first Alemannia and then the country between the Meuse and the Pyrenees (in 832, after the rising of Pepin I of Aquitaine, PepinI of Aquitaine) were unsuccessful. The numerous reconciliations with the rebellious Lothair ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Nicholas I
Pope Nicholas I (; c. 800 – 13 November 867), called Nicholas the Great, was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 24 April 858 until his death on 13 November 867. He is the last of the three popes listed in the Annuario Pontificio with the title "the Great", alongside Pope Leo I, Leo I and Pope Gregory I, Gregory I. Nicholas is remembered as a consolidator of papal authority, exerting decisive influence on the historical development of the papacy and its position among the Christian nations of Western Europe. Nicholas I asserted that the pope should have suzerainty over all Christians, even royalty, in matters of faith and morals. Nicholas refused King Lothair II of Lotharingia's request for an annulment of his marriage to Teutberga. When a council pronounced in favor of annulment, Nicholas I declared the council deposed, its messengers excommunicated, and its decisions invalid. Despite pressure from the Carolingians, who laid siege to Rome, his decision held ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
