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World Copper Agreement
The World Copper Agreement, signed March 28, 1935, was an agreement by mining companies that attempted to create a worldwide copper cartel. The agreement formally created the International Copper Cartel. Uniting African, South American and European producers, the agreement aimed to "bring about better conditions in the production, distribution and marketing of copper throughout the world outside of the United States" through curtailment of production. To supervise the implementation of the agreement and amend breaches of it, the agreement provided for the creation of a Control Committee of 5 members. Signaturies to the agreement * T Union Minière du Haut Katanga ( Katanga, Belgian Congo) * Rhokana Corporation ( Zambia) * Roan Antelope Copper Mines (Zambia) * Chile Exploration Company ( Chile) * Andes Copper Mining (Chile) * Greene Cananea Copper Greene may refer to: Places United States *Greene, Indiana, an unincorporated community *Greene, Iowa, a city *Greene, Maine, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Copper
Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu (from la, cuprum) and atomic number 29. It is a soft, malleable, and ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. A freshly exposed surface of pure copper has a pinkish-orange color. Copper is used as a conductor of heat and electricity, as a building material, and as a constituent of various metal alloys, such as sterling silver used in jewelry, cupronickel used to make marine hardware and coins, and constantan used in strain gauges and thermocouples for temperature measurement. Copper is one of the few metals that can occur in nature in a directly usable metallic form (native metals). This led to very early human use in several regions, from circa 8000 BC. Thousands of years later, it was the first metal to be smelted from sulfide ores, circa 5000 BC; the first metal to be cast into a shape in a mold, c. 4000 BC; and the first metal to be purposely alloyed with another metal, tin, to create br ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chile Exploration Company
Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western part of South America. It is the southernmost country in the world, and the closest to Antarctica, occupying a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Chile covers an area of , with a population of 17.5 million as of 2017. It shares land borders with Peru to the north, Bolivia to the north-east, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far south. Chile also controls the Pacific islands of Juan Fernández Islands, Juan Fernández, Isla Salas y Gómez, Desventuradas Islands, Desventuradas, and Easter Island in Oceania. It also claims about of Antarctica under the Chilean Antarctic Territory. The country's capital and largest city is Santiago, and its national language is Spanish language, Spanish. Conquest of Chile, Spain conquered and colonized the region in the mid-16th century, replacing Incas in Central Chile, Inca rule, but Arauco War, fai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Copper Cartels
Since 1870, there have been several formal attempts to restrict the copper output and raise, in this form, its price. This is a list of copper cartels in the 20th century: * Copper Export Association, CEA, 1918–1923 * Copper Exporters, Inc., CEI, 1926–1932 * International Copper Cartel, ICC, 1935–1939 (created by the World Copper Agreement) * Intergovernmental Council of Copper Exporting Countries The Intergovernmental Council of Countries Exporters of Copper (CIPEC) (French ''Conseil intergouvernemental des pays exportateurs de cuivre'') was created in 1967 in Lusaka with the objective of coordinating policies of the country members lookin ..., CIPEC, 1967–1988 Further reading * Herfindahl, O. (1959) Copper costs and prices: 1870–1957, RFF, Baltimore. {{DEFAULTSORT:Copper cartels Copper cartels Copper mining ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rio Tinto (corporation)
Rio Tinto Group is an Anglo-Australian multinational company that is the world's second-largest metals and mining corporation (behind BHP). The company was founded in 1873 when of a group of investors purchased a mine complex on the Rio Tinto, in Huelva, Spain, from the Spanish government. It has grown through a long series of mergers and acquisitions. Although primarily focused on extraction of minerals, Rio Tinto also has significant operations in refining, particularly the refining of bauxite and iron ore. Rio Tinto has joint head offices in London (global and "plc") and Melbourne ("Limited" Australia).Suburbs & Postcodes " City of Melbourne. R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Braden Copper Company
Braden Copper Company was an American company that controlled the El Teniente copper mine in Chile until 1967 when its copper holdings were nationalized. History Braden Copper Company was founded on 18 June 1904 by E.W. Nash, Barton Sewell, William Braden and other mining partners. Braden visited the mine during the winter of 1903-1904. Using capital of $625,000, the company purchased the mine and developed a mill at Sewell, Chile. Production started on 1 June 1906. Barton Sewell never visited Chile and was limited to participating in the business as an upper executive at the companies central offices in New York City. After E.W. Nash died in 1905, Braden turned to John Hays Hammond and Guggenex, owned by the Guggenheim brothers, for financing. Braden Mines Company was formed on 10 July 1909. In June 1910, the Guggenheims took control of the mine and provided financing which turned the oxcart road into a railway, built a three-thousand ton mill and hydroelectric plants. K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mexico
Mexico ( Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Mexico covers ,Mexico '' The World Factbook''. . making it the world's 13th-largest country by area; with approximately 12 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greene Cananea Copper
Greene may refer to: Places United States *Greene, Indiana, an unincorporated community *Greene, Iowa, a city *Greene, Maine, a town **Greene (CDP), Maine, in the town of Greene *Greene (town), New York **Greene (village), New York, in the town of Greene *Greene, Rhode Island, a village and census-designated place *Greene County (other), 14 counties *Greene Township, Pennsylvania (other), seven townships *Greene Mountain - see List of mountains in Virginia *Greene Island (Rhode Island) *Camp Greene, a former United States Army facility in Charlotte, North Carolina Canada *Greene Island (Lake Ontario), an island in Lake Ontario *Greene Island (Lake Huron), an island in Lake Huron People *Greene C. Bronson (1789–1863), American lawyer and politician Other uses *, a World War II destroyer *Greene Avenue (Montreal), Quebec, Canada *The Greene Town Center, also known as The Greene, a mixed-use, office, retail, dining and entertainment center in Beavercreek, Ohi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andes Copper Mining
The Andes, Andes Mountains or Andean Mountains (; ) are the longest continental mountain range in the world, forming a continuous highland along the western edge of South America. The range is long, wide (widest between 18°S – 20°S latitude), and has an average height of about . The Andes extend from north to south through seven South American countries: Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina. Along their length, the Andes are split into several ranges, separated by intermediate depressions. The Andes are the location of several high plateaus—some of which host major cities such as Quito, Bogotá, Cali, Arequipa, Medellín, Bucaramanga, Sucre, Mérida, El Alto and La Paz. The Altiplano plateau is the world's second-highest after the Tibetan plateau. These ranges are in turn grouped into three major divisions based on climate: the Tropical Andes, the Dry Andes, and the Wet Andes. The Andes Mountains are the highest mountain range outsid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chile
Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western part of South America. It is the southernmost country in the world, and the closest to Antarctica, occupying a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Chile covers an area of , with a population of 17.5 million as of 2017. It shares land borders with Peru to the north, Bolivia to the north-east, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far south. Chile also controls the Pacific islands of Juan Fernández, Isla Salas y Gómez, Desventuradas, and Easter Island in Oceania. It also claims about of Antarctica under the Chilean Antarctic Territory. The country's capital and largest city is Santiago, and its national language is Spanish. Spain conquered and colonized the region in the mid-16th century, replacing Inca rule, but failing to conquer the independent Mapuche who inhabited what is now south-central Chile. In 1818, after ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cartel
A cartel is a group of independent market participants who collude with each other in order to improve their profits and dominate the market. Cartels are usually associations in the same sphere of business, and thus an alliance of rivals. Most jurisdictions consider it anti-competitive behavior and have outlawed such practices. Cartel behavior includes price fixing, bid rigging, and reductions in output. The doctrine in economics that analyzes cartels is cartel theory. Cartels are distinguished from other forms of collusion or anti-competitive organization such as corporate mergers. Etymology The word ''cartel'' comes from the Italian word '' cartello'', which means a "leaf of paper" or "placard", and is itself derived from the Latin ''charta'' meaning "card". The Italian word became ''cartel'' in Middle French, which was borrowed into English. In English, the word was originally used for a written agreement between warring nations to regulate the treatment and exchange ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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